Adenoiditis: Difference between revisions

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	Adenoiditis Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Adenoiditis from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
X Ray
CT
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
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Primary Prevention
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Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
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Latest revision as of 20:17, 29 July 2020

Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahshid Mir, M.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Inflamed adenoids; Adenotonstilis; Adenoid Hypertrophy; Swollen adenoids; Chronic adenoiditis; Acute adenoiditis.

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating adenoiditis from other diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural history, complications and prognosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

Case Studies

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
+{{Adenoiditis}}
 {{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
   Name = Adenoiditis
@@ Line 8: / Line 9: @@
 {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MIR}}
-==Overview==
+{{SK}} [[Inflamed adenoids]]; [[Adenotonstilis]]; [[Adenoid Hypertrophy]]; [[Swollen adenoids]]; [[Chronic adenoiditis]]; [[Acute adenoiditis]].
-Adenoid is a lymphoid tissue that is seen as a median mass of mucousa assosiated. Together with tonsils, they are a part of Waldeyer ring. Waldeyer ring is a ring consist of lymphoid tissue situated in the posterior wall of nasopharynx. This lymphoid tissue is involved in immunoglubin production and maturation of lymphatic cells and defense against pathogens. 12117336
-The adenoid usually undergoes a degree of atrophy and involution from the age of 8-10 years so it is rarely found in adults.
+==[[Adenoiditis overview|Overview]]==
-; <nowiki>NLM ID: 101667594 [Book]</nowiki>
-Although close location of tonsils and adenoid gland and same tissue composition, they have different infected diseases. Adenoids can cause recurrent sinusitis and chronic persistent or recurrent otitis if remain untreated and develop to chronic adenoiditis.23641372
-8343242
+==[[Adenoiditis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
-Adenoid infection is mostly due o viral infections. Some bacterial pathogens include ''H. influenzae'', group A β-hemolytic streptococcus, and ''S. aureus can cause'' the disease as well.
+==[[Adenoiditis classification|Classification]]==
-The symptoms of adenoiditis can last for 10 or more days, and may usually present as a discharge of [[pus]] from the nose. [[Medications]] ([[antibiotics]] or [[steroids]]) or [[surgical]] approach may be required for the management of adenoiditis, depending on the causative agent.
+==[[Adenoiditis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
-adenoid (adjacent to the choanae and the pharyngeal ostium of the eustachian tubes)
+==[[Adenoiditis causes|Causes]]==
-Excessive infection caused by microorganisms or the allergic process can lead to hyperactivity of the tonsils and pharynx, which can increase its volume, thereby hindering the passage of air to the choanae.
+==[[Adenoiditis differential diagnosis|Differentiating adenoiditis from other diseases]]==
-Some authors relate this process to changes in the production of other immunoglobulins and to infections caused by nonspecific pathogens in the lymphoid tissue or mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and toxoplasmosis.
+==[[Adenoiditis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
-Another study conducted in China by Zhang and colleagues demonstrated a correlation between EBV and adenoid hypertrophy; 51.9% of the children had EBV in tissues with adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy, although it was absent in the blood.
+==[[Adenoiditis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
-Human adenovirus was found more frequently (47%), followed by enterovirus (40%), rhinovirus (38%), bocavirus (30%), metapneumovirus (17%), and respiratory syncytial virus (16%).12
+==[[Natural history, complications and prognosis template|Natural history, complications and prognosis]]==
-they showed the preoperative value of IgG (''p'' = 0.002) and the significant reduction of IgA= Studies suggest that a reduction in IgA will happen postoperative of adenoidectomy. This shows a relationship between adenoiditis and allergic diseases as the measures of IgA is higher in 30% of patients during adenoiditis episodes.
+==Diagnosis==
+[[Adenoiditis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Adenoiditis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Adenoiditis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Adenoiditis x ray|X Ray]] | [[Adenoiditis CT|CT]] | [[Adenoiditis other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]]
-The etiology of tonsillar hypertrophy, as many studies have suggested, is related to the presence of infectious agents, such as viruses and bacteria that are commonly found in the microflora of the upper airway and in the humoral immune response to the body's sensitivity to one or more allergens.
+==Treatment==
+[[Adenoiditis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Adenoiditis surgery|Surgery]] | [[Adenoiditis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Adenoiditis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Adenoiditis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] |  [[Adenoiditis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
-Sensitivity to mold allergens is an important risk factor for AH in children with AR; therefore, early prevention of exposure to molds may help reduce occurrence of AH.11686429
+==Case Studies==
-==Causes==
+[[es:Adenoiditis]]
-===Bacterial Causes===
-Bacterial causes include
-*''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]''
-*''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]''
-*''[[Moraxella catarrhalis]]''
-*Various species of ''[[Staphylococcus]]'' including ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]''
-===Viral Causes===
-Viruses that may cause adenoiditis include the
-*[[Adenovirus]]
-*[[Rhinovirus]]
-*[[Paramyxovirus]]
-==Epidemiology and Demographics==
-===Age===
-Adenoiditis occurs mainly in childhood, often associated with acute [[tonsillitis]].  Incidence decreases with age, with adenoiditis being rare in children over 15 years due to physiological atrophy of the adenoid tissue.
-==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
-===Complications===
-Complications of acute adenoiditis can occur due to extension of inflammation to the neighboring organs.
-==History and Symptoms==
-===Symptoms===
-Acute adenoiditis is characterized by:
-*[[Fever]]
-*Nasal [[airway obstruction]] resulting in predominantly oral breathing
-*[[Snoring]] and [[sleep apnea]]
-*[[Rhinorrhea|Runny nose]] with serous secretion in viral forms and mucous-purulent secretion in bacterial forms.
-In cases due to viral infection symptoms usually recede spontaneously after 48 hours, symptoms of bacterial adenoiditis typically persist up to a week. Adenoiditis is sometimes accompanied by [[tonsillitis]].  Repeated adenoiditis may lead to enlarged [[adenoids]].
-==Other Imaging Findings==
-Optical fiber [[endoscopy]] can confirm the diagnosis of adenoiditis in cases of doubt by directly visualizing the inflamed [[adenoid]] tissue.
-==Medical Therapy==
-===Pharmacotherapy===
-Antibiotics for bacterial. A steroidal [[nasal spray]] may also be prescribed in order to reduce [[nasal congestion]].  Severe or recurring adenoiditis may require surgical removal of the adenoids.
-In cases of viral adenoiditis, treatment with [[analgesic]]s or [[antipyretic]]s is often sufficient. Bacterial adenoiditis may be treated with [[antibiotic]]s, such as [[amoxicillin]] - [[clavulanic acid]] or a [[cephalosporin]]. In case of adenoid hypertrophy, [[adenoidectomy]] may be performed to remove the adenoid.
-==Related Chapters==
-* [[Tonsilitis]]
-==References==
-{{reflist|2}}adenoids can contribute to recurrent sinusitis and chronic persistent or recurrent ear disease because they can harbor a chronic infection.adenoids can contribute to recurrent sinusitis and chronic persistent or recurrent ear disease because they can harbor a chronic infection.
 [[Category:Disease]]
+[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
 [[Category:Otolaryngology]]
+[[Category:Pediatrics]]
 [[Category:Pulmonology]]
+[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
 [[Category:Infectious disease]]
-[[Category:Pediatric Disease]]
+[[Category:Surgery]]
-[[Category:Needs content]]
-[[es:Adenoiditis]]

Adenoiditis: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 20:17, 29 July 2020

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