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===Environmental factors=== | ===Environmental factors=== | ||
*Heat waves | *Heat waves | ||
*High humidity | *High [[humidity]] | ||
*Lack of air movement | *Lack of air movement | ||
*Urban heat islands | *Urban heat islands | ||
*Lack of air conditioning | *Lack of air conditioning | ||
===Compromised health condition=== | ===Compromised health condition=== | ||
*Obesity | *[[Obesity]] | ||
*Acute illness | *Acute illness | ||
*Skin disorders | *[[Skin]] disorders | ||
*Cardiovascular insufficiency | *[[Cardiovascular]] insufficiency | ||
===Genetic conditions=== | ===Genetic conditions=== | ||
*Malignant hyperthermia | *[[Malignant hyperthermia]] | ||
*Toll like receptor-4 (TLR4) polymorphisms | *[[Toll-like receptors|Toll like receptor-4]] (TLR4) polymorphisms | ||
===Medications=== | ===Medications=== | ||
====Classic heat stroke==== | ====Classic heat stroke==== | ||
*Diuretics | *[[Diuretics]] | ||
*Anticholinergics (Atropine) | *[[Anticholinergics]] ([[Atropine]]) | ||
*β-blockers (Propranolol) | *[[Beta blockers|β-blockers]] ([[Propranolol]]) | ||
*Antihistamines | *[[Antihistamines]] | ||
*Antidepressants | *[[Antidepressants]] | ||
*Alcohol | *[[Alcohol]] | ||
*NSAIDs (Aspirin, Acetaminophen) | *[[NSAIDs]] ([[Aspirin]], [[Acetaminophen]]) | ||
====Exertional heat stroke==== | ====Exertional heat stroke==== | ||
*Ergogenic aids (Ephedrine) | *[[Ergogenic aid|Ergogenic aids]] ([[Ephedrine]]) | ||
*Ecstacy (MDMA) | *[[Ecstacy]] ([[MDMA]]) | ||
*Ritalin | *[[Methylphenidate|Ritalin]] | ||
*NSAIDs | *[[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug|NSAIDs]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Latest revision as of 22:51, 30 May 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2],Usama Talib, BSc, MD [3]
Overview
Common risk factors for heat stroke include: excessive exercise in hot weather, lack of air movement, lack of water access, high humidity, obesity, acute illness, and certain drugs.
Risk Factors
Common risk factors to develop heat stroke could be divided in to 4 major groups:[1][2][3][4][5]
Environmental factors
- Heat waves
- High humidity
- Lack of air movement
- Urban heat islands
- Lack of air conditioning
Compromised health condition
- Obesity
- Acute illness
- Skin disorders
- Cardiovascular insufficiency
Genetic conditions
- Malignant hyperthermia
- Toll like receptor-4 (TLR4) polymorphisms
Medications
Classic heat stroke
- Diuretics
- Anticholinergics (Atropine)
- β-blockers (Propranolol)
- Antihistamines
- Antidepressants
- Alcohol
- NSAIDs (Aspirin, Acetaminophen)
Exertional heat stroke
References
- ↑ Bricknell MC (1994). "Heat illness in Cyprus". J R Army Med Corps. 140 (2): 67–9. PMID 8907832.
- ↑ Maron BJ, Doerer JJ, Haas TS, Tierney DM, Mueller FO (2009). "Sudden deaths in young competitive athletes: analysis of 1866 deaths in the United States, 1980-2006". Circulation. 119 (8): 1085–92. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.804617. PMID 19221222.
- ↑ "Heat illness among high school athletes --- United States, 2005-2009". MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 59 (32): 1009–13. 2010. PMID 20724966.
- ↑ Capacchione JF, Muldoon SM (2009). "The relationship between exertional heat illness, exertional rhabdomyolysis, and malignant hyperthermia". Anesth. Analg. 109 (4): 1065–9. doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e3181a9d8d9. PMID 19617585.
- ↑ Armstrong LE, Casa DJ, Watson G (2006). "Exertional hyponatremia". Curr Sports Med Rep. 5 (5): 221–2. PMID 16934202.