Toxoplasmosis physical examination: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 00:26, 30 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2] ; Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [3]

Overview

The most common physical examination findings of toxoplasmosis include painless lymphadenopathy in immunocompetent individuals. Other findings include fever, malaise, myalgias, and a maculopapular skin rash that spares the palms and the soles. In retinochoroiditis examination reveals multiple yellow-white cotton like patches with indistinct margins located in small clusters in the posterior pole.

Physical Examination

Vital Signs

Fever ^[1]
Tachypnea

HEENT

Blurry vision

Skin

Maculpapular rash that spares hands and soles.

Lymph nodes

Regional lymph node enlargement may be seen.

Cardiovascular system

Regular rate and rhythm
Normal S1, S2
No murmurs, rubs, or gallops

Lungs

Findings consistent with parenchymal consolidation in cases of pulmonary penumonitis such as

Dullness to percussion
Increased fremitus
Signs of pleura involvement such as pleuritic rub.

Abdominal

Abdomen soft and non-distended with no scars or striations
No pulsatile masses or abdominal bruits auscultated
Hepatosplenomegaly in disseminated cases.

Neurological

Normal examination finding unless the infection is disseminated to brain resulting in meningitis, then findings include:

Altered level of consciousness
Nuchal rigidity
Unsteady gait
Slurred speech
Muscle weakness

Trunk

Toxoplasmose. Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.^[2]
Toxoplasmose. Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.^[2]
Toxoplasmose. Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.^[2]
Toxoplasmose. Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.^[2]
Toxoplasmose. Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.^[2]

References

↑ Smith JA, Gauthier G (2015). "New Developments in Blastomycosis". Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 36 (5): 715–28. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1562898. PMID 26398538.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 "Dermatology Atlas".

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid26398538-1] Smith JA, Gauthier G (2015). "New Developments in Blastomycosis". Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 36 (5): 715–28. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1562898. PMID 26398538.

[Dermatology_Atlas-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 "Dermatology Atlas".

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}} ; {{ADG}}
 ==Overview==
+The most common physical examination findings of toxoplasmosis include painless lymphadenopathy in immunocompetent individuals. Other findings include fever, malaise, myalgias, and a maculopapular skin rash that spares the palms and the soles. In retinochoroiditis examination reveals multiple yellow-white cotton like patches with indistinct margins located in small clusters in the posterior pole.
 ==Physical Examination==
 ===Vital Signs===
@@ Line 8: / Line 10: @@
 *[[Tachypnea]]
-===Oral cavity===
+===HEENT===
-*[[Oral ulcers]] can be seen in some patients
+*Blurry vision
+===Skin===
+*Maculpapular rash that spares hands and soles.
 ===Lymph nodes===
-*Regiona[[Lymphadenopathy|lymph node enlargement]] may be seen.
+*Regional [[Lymphadenopathy|lymph node enlargement]] may be seen.
-===Neck===
-*No masses
 ===Cardiovascular system===
 *Regular rate and rhythm
@@ Line 20: / Line 23: @@
 *No [[murmurs]], rubs, or [[Gallops and Extra Heart Sounds|gallops]]
 ===Lungs===
-Findings consistent with [[Consolidation (medicine)|parenchymal consolidation]] such as<ref>{{cite book | last = Kauffman | first = Carol | title = Essentials of clinical mycology | publisher = Springer | location = New York | year = 2011 | isbn = 978-1-4419-6639-1 }}</ref>
+Findings consistent with [[Consolidation (medicine)|parenchymal consolidation]]  in cases of pulmonary penumonitis such as
 *[[Percussion of the lungs|Dullness to percussion]]
 *Increased [[fremitus]]
 *Signs of [[pleura]] involvement such as [[pleuritic]] rub.
 ===Abdominal===
 *[[Abdomen]] soft and non-distended with no [[scars]] or striations
-*No pulsatile [[Mass|masses]] or [[Abdominal bruit|abdominal bruits]] ascultated
+*No pulsatile [[Mass|masses]] or [[Abdominal bruit|abdominal bruits]] auscultated
-*[[Spleen]] not palpable, [[liver]] not palpable
+*Hepatosplenomegaly in disseminated cases.
-===Skin===
-*Ulcerative lesions that bleed easily
-*Verrucous lesions with irregular border and variegated appearance
-===Bone and joints===
-*[[Soft tissue]] [[swelling]] around the area of involvement and discharging [[sinuses]] might be consistent with [[osteomyelitis]].
-*[[Arthritis]] can cause reproducible [[pain]] in [[joints]].
-===Genitourinary system===
-*[[Pyuria]]
-*[[Dysuria|Painful urination]]
 ===Neurological===
-Normal examination finding unless the infection is disseminated to brain resulting in meningitis,then findings include :
+Normal examination finding unless the infection is disseminated to brain resulting in meningitis, then findings include:
 *[[Consciousness|Altered level of consciousness]]
 *[[Nuchal rigidity]]
@@ Line 52: / Line 41: @@
 *Muscle weakness
-====Skin====
 =====Trunk=====
 <gallery>
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