Esophageal candidiasis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Epidemiology and demographics== | ==Epidemiology and demographics== | ||
*Esophageal candidiasis has not been adequately studied in [[immunocompetent]] individuals. | *Esophageal candidiasis has not been adequately studied in [[immunocompetent]] individuals. | ||
*[[Candidiasis]] is the most common cause of [[Esophagitis|infectious esophagitis]] followed by [[HSV|HSV esophagitis]].<ref name="pmid17496741">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chen LI, Chang JM, Kuo MC, Hwang SJ, Chen HC |title=Combined herpes viral and candidal esophagitis in a CAPD patient: case report and review of literature |journal=Am. J. Med. Sci. |volume=333 |issue=3 |pages=191–3 |year=2007 |pmid=17496741 |doi=10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318031b1f2 |url=}}</ref> | *[[Candidiasis]] is the most common cause of [[Esophagitis|infectious esophagitis]] followed by [[HSV|HSV esophagitis]].<ref name="pmid17496741">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chen LI, Chang JM, Kuo MC, Hwang SJ, Chen HC |title=Combined herpes viral and candidal esophagitis in a CAPD patient: case report and review of literature |journal=Am. J. Med. Sci. |volume=333 |issue=3 |pages=191–3 |year=2007 |pmid=17496741 |doi=10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318031b1f2 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23225813">{{cite journal |vauthors=Choi JH, Lee CG, Lim YJ, Kang HW, Lim CY, Choi JS |title=Prevalence and risk factors of esophageal candidiasis in healthy individuals: a single center experience in Korea |journal=Yonsei Med. J. |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=160–5 |year=2013 |pmid=23225813 |pmc=3521253 |doi=10.3349/ymj.2013.54.1.160 |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Prevalence=== | ===Age=== | ||
Candida esophagitis is more common in patients older than 55 years old.<ref name="pmid18949340">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kliemann DA, Pasqualotto AC, Falavigna M, Giaretta T, Severo LC |title=Candida esophagitis: species distribution and risk factors for infection |journal=Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo |volume=50 |issue=5 |pages=261–3 |year=2008 |pmid=18949340 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23225813">{{cite journal |vauthors=Choi JH, Lee CG, Lim YJ, Kang HW, Lim CY, Choi JS |title=Prevalence and risk factors of esophageal candidiasis in healthy individuals: a single center experience in Korea |journal=Yonsei Med. J. |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=160–5 |year=2013 |pmid=23225813 |pmc=3521253 |doi=10.3349/ymj.2013.54.1.160 |url=}}</ref> | |||
===Prevalence among HIV patients=== | |||
*In a study conducted in 2015, the [[prevalence]] of esophageal candidiasis was 11.2% in [[HIV]] infected individuals and 2.9% in HIV infected individuals.<ref name="pmid26632738">{{cite journal |vauthors=Takahashi Y, Nagata N, Shimbo T, Nishijima T, Watanabe K, Aoki T, Sekine K, Okubo H, Watanabe K, Sakurai T, Yokoi C, Mimori A, Oka S, Uemura N, Akiyama J |title=Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms Predictive of Candida Esophagitis and Erosive Esophagitis in HIV and Non-HIV Patients: An Endoscopy-Based Cross-Sectional Study of 6011 Patients |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=94 |issue=47 |pages=e2138 |year=2015 |pmid=26632738 |pmc=5059007 |doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000002138 |url=}}</ref> | *In a study conducted in 2015, the [[prevalence]] of esophageal candidiasis was 11.2% in [[HIV]] infected individuals and 2.9% in HIV infected individuals.<ref name="pmid26632738">{{cite journal |vauthors=Takahashi Y, Nagata N, Shimbo T, Nishijima T, Watanabe K, Aoki T, Sekine K, Okubo H, Watanabe K, Sakurai T, Yokoi C, Mimori A, Oka S, Uemura N, Akiyama J |title=Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms Predictive of Candida Esophagitis and Erosive Esophagitis in HIV and Non-HIV Patients: An Endoscopy-Based Cross-Sectional Study of 6011 Patients |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=94 |issue=47 |pages=e2138 |year=2015 |pmid=26632738 |pmc=5059007 |doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000002138 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Esophageal candidiasis has been reported in 10-15% of [[immunocompromised]] patients during their lifetime.<ref name="pmid12823199">{{cite journal |vauthors=Underwood JA, Williams JW, Keate RF |title=Clinical findings and risk factors for Candida esophagitis in outpatients |journal=Dis. Esophagus |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=66–9 |year=2003 |pmid=12823199 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *Esophageal candidiasis has been reported in 10-15% of [[immunocompromised]] patients during their lifetime.<ref name="pmid12823199">{{cite journal |vauthors=Underwood JA, Williams JW, Keate RF |title=Clinical findings and risk factors for Candida esophagitis in outpatients |journal=Dis. Esophagus |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=66–9 |year=2003 |pmid=12823199 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | |||
[[Category:Otolaryngology]] | |||
[[Category:Immunology]] | |||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [2]
Overview
Candidiasis is the most common cause of infectious esophagitis followed by HSV esophagitis.
Epidemiology and demographics
- Esophageal candidiasis has not been adequately studied in immunocompetent individuals.
- Candidiasis is the most common cause of infectious esophagitis followed by HSV esophagitis.[1][2]
Age
Candida esophagitis is more common in patients older than 55 years old.[3][2]
Prevalence among HIV patients
- In a study conducted in 2015, the prevalence of esophageal candidiasis was 11.2% in HIV infected individuals and 2.9% in HIV infected individuals.[4]
- Esophageal candidiasis has been reported in 10-15% of immunocompromised patients during their lifetime.[5]
- Autopsies revealed isolation of candida in 43% of immunocompromised individuals.[6]
References
- ↑ Chen LI, Chang JM, Kuo MC, Hwang SJ, Chen HC (2007). "Combined herpes viral and candidal esophagitis in a CAPD patient: case report and review of literature". Am. J. Med. Sci. 333 (3): 191–3. doi:10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318031b1f2. PMID 17496741.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Choi JH, Lee CG, Lim YJ, Kang HW, Lim CY, Choi JS (2013). "Prevalence and risk factors of esophageal candidiasis in healthy individuals: a single center experience in Korea". Yonsei Med. J. 54 (1): 160–5. doi:10.3349/ymj.2013.54.1.160. PMC 3521253. PMID 23225813.
- ↑ Kliemann DA, Pasqualotto AC, Falavigna M, Giaretta T, Severo LC (2008). "Candida esophagitis: species distribution and risk factors for infection". Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo. 50 (5): 261–3. PMID 18949340.
- ↑ Takahashi Y, Nagata N, Shimbo T, Nishijima T, Watanabe K, Aoki T, Sekine K, Okubo H, Watanabe K, Sakurai T, Yokoi C, Mimori A, Oka S, Uemura N, Akiyama J (2015). "Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms Predictive of Candida Esophagitis and Erosive Esophagitis in HIV and Non-HIV Patients: An Endoscopy-Based Cross-Sectional Study of 6011 Patients". Medicine (Baltimore). 94 (47): e2138. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000002138. PMC 5059007. PMID 26632738.
- ↑ Underwood JA, Williams JW, Keate RF (2003). "Clinical findings and risk factors for Candida esophagitis in outpatients". Dis. Esophagus. 16 (2): 66–9. PMID 12823199.
- ↑ Weerasuriya N, Snape J (2006). "A study of candida esophagitis in elderly patients attending a district general hospital in the UK". Dis. Esophagus. 19 (3): 189–92. doi:10.1111/j.1442-2050.2006.00563.x. PMID 16722997.