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==Overview==
==Overview==
Acute viral nasopharyngitis is most commonly caused by an infection with [[rhinovirus]]. Other common causes include [[coronavirus]], [[human parainfluenza viruses]], and [[human respiratory syncytial virus]].
Acute viral nasopharyngitis is most commonly caused by an [[infection]] with [[rhinovirus]]. Other common causes include [[coronavirus]], [[human parainfluenza viruses]], and [[human respiratory syncytial virus|human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)]].


==Causes==
==Causes==
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Common colds are most often caused by [[infection]] by one of the more than 100 [[serovar|serotypes]] of [[rhinovirus]], a type of [[picornavirus]].<ref name="pmid28495415">{{cite journal |vauthors=To KKW, Yip CCY, Yuen KY |title=Rhinovirus - From bench to bedside |journal=J. Formos. Med. Assoc. |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2017 |pmid=28495415 |doi=10.1016/j.jfma.2017.04.009 |url=}}</ref>
Common colds are most often caused by one of more than 100 [[serovar|serotypes]] of [[rhinovirus]], a type of [[picornavirus]].<ref name="pmid28495415">{{cite journal |vauthors=To KKW, Yip CCY, Yuen KY |title=Rhinovirus - From bench to bedside |journal=J. Formos. Med. Assoc. |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2017 |pmid=28495415 |doi=10.1016/j.jfma.2017.04.009 |url=}}</ref>


===Less common causes===
===Less common causes===
Other [[viruses]] causing colds are:<ref name="Merck">{{cite web | title = Common Cold (Upper Respiratory Infection) | work = The Merck Manual Online | publisher = [[Merck & Co.]] | date = November 2005 | url = http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec14/ch188/ch188c.html}}</ref><ref name="CKS">{{cite web | author = CKS | year = 2007 | title = Common Cold (Topic Review) | publisher = Clinical Knowledge Summaries Service | url = http://www.cks.library.nhs.uk/common_cold/view_whole_topic_review}}</ref><ref name="pmid12517470">{{cite journal |vauthors=Heikkinen T, Järvinen A |title=The common cold |journal=Lancet |volume=361 |issue=9351 |pages=51–9 |year=2003 |pmid=12517470 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12162-9 |url=}}</ref>
Other [[viruses]] that cause colds include:<ref name="Merck">{{cite web | title = Common Cold (Upper Respiratory Infection) | work = The Merck Manual Online | publisher = [[Merck & Co.]] | date = November 2005 | url = http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec14/ch188/ch188c.html}}</ref><ref name="CKS">{{cite web | author = CKS | year = 2007 | title = Common Cold (Topic Review) | publisher = Clinical Knowledge Summaries Service | url = http://www.cks.library.nhs.uk/common_cold/view_whole_topic_review}}</ref><ref name="pmid12517470">{{cite journal |vauthors=Heikkinen T, Järvinen A |title=The common cold |journal=Lancet |volume=361 |issue=9351 |pages=51–9 |year=2003 |pmid=12517470 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12162-9 |url=}}</ref>
*[[Coronavirus]]
*[[Coronavirus]]
*[[Human parainfluenza viruses]]
*[[Human parainfluenza viruses]]
*[[Human respiratory syncytial virus]]
*[[Human respiratory syncytial virus|Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)]]
*[[Adenoviridae|adenoviruses]]
*[[Adenoviridae|Adenoviruses]]
*[[Enterovirus]]es,
*[[Enterovirus]]es
*[[Metapneumovirus]].
*[[Metapneumovirus]]


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
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| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |  [[Artemether and lumefantrin]], [[Bepotastine Besilate]], [[Certolizumab pegol]], [[Cyanocobalamin]], [[Ecallantide]], [[Eculizumab]], [[Golimumab]], [[Ivacaftor]], [[Loratadine]], [[Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta]], [[Mifepristone]], [[Mirabegron]], [[Nivolumab]], [[Palbociclib]], [[Rifaximin]], [[Secukinumab]], [[Umeclidinium]]
| bgcolor="Beige" |  [[Artemether and lumefantrin]], [[Bepotastine Besilate|bepotastine besilate]], [[certolizumab pegol]], [[ecallantide]], [[eculizumab]], [[golimumab]], [[ivacaftor]], [[loratadine]], [[methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta]], [[mifepristone]], [[mirabegron]], [[nivolumab]], [[palbociclib]], [[secukinumab]], [[Umeclidinium|umeclidinium]]
|-
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| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Adenoviruses ]] , [[Coronaviruses]], [[Enteroviruses]], [[Human metapneumovirus]], [[Influenza virus]], [[Parainfluenza virus]],  [[Respiratory syncytial virus]], [[Rhinovirus]]
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Adenoviruses]], [[coronaviruses]], [[enteroviruses]], [[human metapneumovirus]], [[influenza virus]], [[parainfluenza virus]],  [[respiratory syncytial virus]], [[rhinovirus]]
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{columns-list|3|
{{columns-list|
*[[Adenoviruses ]]
*[[Adenoviruses ]]
*[[Coronaviruses]]
*[[Coronaviruses]]
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{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


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Latest revision as of 20:17, 29 July 2020

Acute viral nasopharyngitis Microchapters

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Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating acute viral nasopharyngitis from other diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

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Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [2]

Overview

Acute viral nasopharyngitis is most commonly caused by an infection with rhinovirus. Other common causes include coronavirus, human parainfluenza viruses, and human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Causes

Common Causes

The green beta sheets and alpha helices of the human rhinovirus. The bold section is the Pleconaril bound to the hydrophobic pocket of the VP1 protein coat - By FuturePharmD518 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=25990247

Common colds are most often caused by one of more than 100 serotypes of rhinovirus, a type of picornavirus.[1]

Less common causes

Other viruses that cause colds include:[2][3][4]

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Artemether and lumefantrin, bepotastine besilate, certolizumab pegol, ecallantide, eculizumab, golimumab, ivacaftor, loratadine, methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta, mifepristone, mirabegron, nivolumab, palbociclib, secukinumab, umeclidinium
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Adenoviruses, coronaviruses, enteroviruses, human metapneumovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ To K, Yip C, Yuen KY (2017). "Rhinovirus - From bench to bedside". J. Formos. Med. Assoc. doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2017.04.009. PMID 28495415. Vancouver style error: initials (help)
  2. ↑ "Common Cold (Upper Respiratory Infection)". The Merck Manual Online. Merck & Co. November 2005.
  3. ↑ CKS (2007). "Common Cold (Topic Review)". Clinical Knowledge Summaries Service.
  4. ↑ Heikkinen T, Järvinen A (2003). "The common cold". Lancet. 361 (9351): 51–9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12162-9. PMID 12517470.
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