Chlamydophila psittaci: Difference between revisions

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Chlamydophila psittaci
	; Direct fluorescent antibody stain of a mouse brain impression smear showing C. psittaci.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria;
Phylum:	Chlamydiae;
Order:	Chlamydiales;
Family:	Chlamydiaceae;
Genus:	Chlamydophila;
Species:	C. psittaci;

VisualWikitext

Latest revision as of 14:32, 27 July 2017

For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D. [2]Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [3]

Overview

Psittacosis is caused by the organism Chlamydia psittaci. Chlamydia is understood to be a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the genus Chlamydia or Chlamydophila in the family of Chlamydiaceae together with Parachlamydiaceae, Waddliaceae and Simkaniaceae in the order Chlamydiales, class and phylum Chlamydiae. Chlamydiales are obligate intracellular infectious agents in eukaryotic cells characterized by a unique developmental replication cycle.^[1]

Causes

Birds are the major zoonotic reservoir. Despite its name, C. psittaci infection has been documented in 467 species from 30 bird orders, from psittaformes to ostriches to penguins have all been found to be associated with the development of psittacosis.^[2]
Bird handlers and those who keep birds as pets have a higher prevalence of the disease.
C. psittaci may be classified into eight serovars according to variation in the major outer membrane protein (MOMP): serovar A to F, WC and M56.^[3]

Table 1: Classification of Chlamydophila psittaci into 8 serovars^[4]

Serovar	Genotype	Predominant host order	Human infection documented
A	A	Psittaformes Budgerigars Cockatiels Parakeets	Yes
B	B	Columbiformes Pigeons Doves	Yes
C	C	Anseriformes Ducks Geese Swans	Yes
D	D	Galliformes Turkeys Pheasants Chickens	Yes
E	E	Struthioniformes Ostriches Pigeons Duck	Yes
F	F	Isolated from single parakeet and turkey only	Yes
WC	G	Cattle	No
M56	H	Rodents	No
	E/B	Ducks	Yes

References

↑ de Rossi G, Focacci C (1979). "Early detection of craniosynostosis by 99mTc-pyrophosphate bone scanning". Radiol Diagn (Berl). 20 (3): 405–9. PMID 229510.
↑ Beeckman, D.S.A.; Vanrompay, D.C.G. (2009). "Zoonotic Chlamydophila psittaci infections from a clinical perspective". Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 15 (1): 11–17. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02669.x. ISSN 1198-743X.
↑ Vanrompay D, Butaye P, Sayada C, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F (1997). "Characterization of avian Chlamydia psittaci strains using omp1 restriction mapping and serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies". Res Microbiol. 148 (4): 327–33. doi:10.1016/S0923-2508(97)81588-4. PMID 9765811.
↑ Balter S, Janower ML (1975). "The use of photochromic eyeglasses by radiologists". Radiology. 116 (02): 450. doi:10.1148/116.2.450. PMID 1153750.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid229510-1] Rossi G, Focacci C (1979). "Early detection of craniosynostosis by 99mTc-pyrophosphate bone scanning". Radiol Diagn (Berl). 20 (3): 405–9. PMID 229510.

[BeeckmanVanrompay2009-2] Beeckman, D.S.A.; Vanrompay, D.C.G. (2009). "Zoonotic Chlamydophila psittaci infections from a clinical perspective". Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 15 (1): 11–17. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02669.x. ISSN 1198-743X.

[pmid9765811-3] Vanrompay D, Butaye P, Sayada C, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F (1997). "Characterization of avian Chlamydia psittaci strains using omp1 restriction mapping and serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies". Res Microbiol. 148 (4): 327–33. doi:10.1016/S0923-2508(97)81588-4. PMID 9765811.

[pmid1153750-4] Balter S, Janower ML (1975). "The use of photochromic eyeglasses by radiologists". Radiology. 116 (02): 450. doi:10.1148/116.2.450. PMID 1153750.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+__NOTOC__
+'''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Psittacosis|here]]'''
+{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User: Mohammed Sbeih|Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.]] [mailto:msbeih@wikidoc.org]{{DAMI}}
 {{Taxobox
 | color = lightgrey
@@ Line 12: / Line 18: @@
 }}
 {{psittacosis}}
-{{About0|psittacosis}}
 ==Overview==
-Most patients with psittacosis have a history of contact with birds. Transmission of infection from other animals to humans is rare. Human-to-human transmission may occur. Certain strains of C. psittaci may infect sheep, goats, cats, dogs, dairy cattle, and horses,
+Psittacosis is caused by the [[organism]] [[Chlamydia|''Chlamydia psittaci''.]] [[Chlamydia (bacterium)|Chlamydia]] is understood to be a [[Gram-negative]] [[bacterium]] belonging to the [[genus]] [[Chlamydia]] or [[Chlamydophila]] in the [[family]] of [[Chlamydiaceae|''Chlamydiaceae'']]  together with  [[Parachlamydiaceae|''Parachlamydiaceae'']], [[Waddliaceae|''Waddliaceae'']] and [[Simkaniaceae|''Simkaniaceae'']] in the [[Order (biology)|order]] [[Chlamydiales|''Chlamydiales'']], [[Class (biology)|class]] and [[phylum]] [[Chlamydiae|''Chlamydiae'']]. [[Chlamydiales]] are [[obligate]] intracellular infectious agents in [[eukaryotic]] cells characterized by a unique developmental replication cycle.<ref name="pmid229510">{{cite journal| author=de Rossi G, Focacci C| title=Early detection of craniosynostosis by 99mTc-pyrophosphate bone scanning. | journal=Radiol Diagn (Berl) | year= 1979 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 405-9 | pmid=229510 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=229510  }} </ref>
 ==Causes==
-At least 460 species from 30 bird orders;
+* Birds are the major [[zoonotic]] reservoir. Despite its name, ''C. psittaci'' infection has been documented in 467 species from 30 bird [[Order (biology)|orders]], from psittaformes to ostriches to penguins have all been found to be associated with the development of [[psittacosis]].<ref name="BeeckmanVanrompay2009">{{cite journal|last1=Beeckman|first1=D.S.A.|last2=Vanrompay|first2=D.C.G.|title=Zoonotic Chlamydophila psittaci infections from a clinical perspective|journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection|volume=15|issue=1|year=2009|pages=11–17|issn=1198743X|doi=10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02669.x}}</ref>
-*Turkeys
+* Bird handlers and those who keep birds as pets have a higher [[prevalence]] of the [[disease]].
-*Pheasants
+* [[C. psittaci|''C. psittaci'']] may be classified into eight [[serovars]] according to variation in the [[Major Basic Protein|major outer membrane protein]] (MOMP): [[serovar]] A to F, WC and M56.<ref name="pmid9765811">{{cite journal| author=Vanrompay D, Butaye P, Sayada C, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F| title=Characterization of avian Chlamydia psittaci strains using omp1 restriction mapping and serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies. | journal=Res Microbiol | year= 1997 | volume= 148 | issue= 4 | pages= 327-33 | pmid=9765811 | doi=10.1016/S0923-2508(97)81588-4 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9765811  }} </ref>
-*Chickens,
+'''Table 1: Classification of ''Chlamydophila psittaci into 8 serovars'''''<ref name="pmid1153750">{{cite journal| author=Balter S, Janower ML| title=The use of photochromic eyeglasses by radiologists. | journal=Radiology | year= 1975 | volume= 116 | issue= 02 | pages= 450 | pmid=1153750 | doi=10.1148/116.2.450 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1153750  }} </ref>
-*Ostriches and penguins.
+{| class="wikitable"
-*Migratory birds such as geese, may carry this pathogen.<ref name="pmid23654298">{{cite journal| author=Dickx V, Kalmar ID, Tavernier P, Vanrompay D| title=Prevalence and genotype distribution of Chlamydia psittaci in feral Canada geese (Branta canadensis) in Belgium. | journal=Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis | year= 2013 | volume= 13 | issue= 6 | pages= 382-4 | pmid=23654298 | doi=10.1089/vbz.2012.1131 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23654298  }} </ref>
+!Serovar
-*Mule ducks have also been associated with human disease through heavy shedding.
+!Genotype
+!Predominant host order
-Most humans are infected from birds of the order psittaciformes, which includes budgerigars, cockatiels, cockatoos, and parrots. Although the ducks are asymptomatic, each bird order tends to be infected by a predominant genotype of C. psittaci.
+!Human infection documented
+|-
+|A
+|A
+|Psittaformes
+* Budgerigars
+* Cockatiels
+* Parakeets
+|Yes
+|-
+|B
+|B
+|Columbiformes
+* Pigeons
+* Doves
+|Yes
+|-
+|C
+|C
+|Anseriformes
+* Ducks
+* Geese
+* Swans
+|Yes
+|-
+|D
+|D
+|Galliformes
+* Turkeys
+* Pheasants
+* Chickens
+|Yes
+|-
+|E
+|E
+|Struthioniformes
+* Ostriches
+* Pigeons
+* Duck
+|Yes
+|-
+|F
+|F
+|Isolated from single parakeet and turkey only
+|Yes
+|-
+|WC
+|G
+|Cattle
+|No
+|-
+|M56
+|H
+|Rodents
+|No
+|-
+|
+|E/B
+|Ducks
+|Yes
+|}
 ==References==

Chlamydophila psittaci: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 14:32, 27 July 2017

Overview

Causes

References

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