Hypoxemia pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

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VisualWikitext

Latest revision as of 19:20, 1 February 2018

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

OR

It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].

OR

[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.

OR

Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.

OR

[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].

OR

The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].

OR

The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

OR

It is understood that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Genetics

[Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.
Genes involved in the pathogenesis of [disease name] include [gene1], [gene2], and [gene3].
The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations.

Associated Conditions

Gross Pathology

On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Microscopic Pathology

On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

References

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+{| class="infobox" style="position: fixed; top: 65%; right: 10px; margin: 0 0 0 0; border: 0; float: right;"
-{|class="infobox" style="position: fixed; top: 65%; right: 10px; margin: 0 0 0 0; border: 0; float: right;
 |-
 | {{#ev:youtube|https://https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JcGKDDvk5AQ|350}}
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 __NOTOC__
 {{Hypoxemia }}
-{{CMG}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}}
 ==Overview==
-==Pathophysiology==
+The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.
+OR
+It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
+OR
+[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
+OR
+Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
+OR
-Causes are classified into 5 groups:
+[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
-*Low inspired fractional concentration of oxygen (low FiO<sub>2</sub>)
+OR
-*Alveolar hypoventilation
-*Impairment of diffusion across blood-gas membrane
-*Shunt
-*Ventilation-perfusion inequality
-Conditions that result in hypoxemia act via one or more of these primary causes.
+The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
-===Low inspired oxygen fraction (low FiO<sub>2</sub>)===
+OR
-See also: [[FiO2|FiO<sub>2</sub>]] <br />
-If the concentration of oxygen in the inspired gas is low, then a reduced amount of oxygen is delivered to the gas exchanging parts (alveoli) of the [[lung]] each minute. This can result in hypoxemia even if the lungs are normal. It is the ''inspired'' oxygen concentration that is important rather than the ''atmospheric'' concentration as the person may not be breathing atmospheric gas (eg during an anesthetic).
-===Alveolar hypoventilation===
+The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.
-If the [[Pulmonary alveolus|alveolar]] ventilation is low, there may be insufficient oxygen delivered to the alveoli each minute. This can cause hypoxemia even if the lungs are normal, as the cause may be outside the lungs (eg airway obstruction, depression of the brain's respiratory center, or muscular weakness).
+==Pathophysiology==
-===Impaired diffusion===
+===Pathogenesis===
+*The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.
+OR
+*It is understood that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
+*[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
+*Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
+*[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
+*The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
+*The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.
-Impaired diffusion across the blood-gas membrane in the lung can cause hypoxemia. However this is a very rare cause as it is only in extremely unusual circumstances that actually does cause a problem. Most of the past cases once thought to be due to a diffusion problem are now recognised as being due to ventilation-perfusion inequality.
+==Genetics==
+*[Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.
+*Genes involved in the pathogenesis of [disease name] include [gene1], [gene2], and [gene3].
+*The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations.
-===Shunt===
+==Associated Conditions==
-[[Shunt (medical)|Shunt]] of blood from the right side to the left side of the circulation (right-to-left shunt) is a powerful cause of hypoxemia. The shunt may be intracardiac or may be intrapulmonary. This cause can be readily distinguished from the others as it is the only cause that cannot be corrected by the administration of 100% oxygen.
-===Ventilation-perfusion inequality===
+==Gross Pathology==
+*On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
-Ventilation-perfusion inequality (or ''ventilation perfusion mismatch'') is a common cause of hypoxaemia in people with lung disease. It is the areas of the lung with V/Q ratios that are less than one (but not zero) that cause hypoxaemia by this mechanism. (A V/Q ratio of zero is actually shunt so does not contribute to this cause).
+==Microscopic Pathology==
+*On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
 ==References==
-{{reflist|2}}
+{{Reflist|2}}
 {{WH}}
 {{WS}}
+[[Category: (name of the system)]]
-[[Category:Physiology]]
-[[Category:Pulmonology]]
-[[Category:Cardiology]]
-[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]