Chlamydophila psittaci: Difference between revisions
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'''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Psittacosis|here]]''' | '''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Psittacosis|here]]''' | ||
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Psittacosis is caused by the organism Chlamydia psittaci. [[Chlamydia (bacterium)|Chlamydia]] is understood to be a [[Gram-negative]] [[bacterium]] belonging to the genus [[Chlamydia]] or [[Chlamydophila]] in the family of [[Chlamydiaceae]] together with [[Parachlamydiaceae]], [[Waddliaceae]] and [[Simkaniaceae]] in the [[Order (biology)|order]] [[Chlamydiales]], [[Class (biology)|class]] and [[phylum]] [[Chlamydiae]]. [[Chlamydiales]] are [[obligate]] intracellular infectious agents in [[eukaryotic]] cells characterized by a unique developmental replication cycle.<ref name="pmid229510">{{cite journal| author=de Rossi G, Focacci C| title=Early detection of craniosynostosis by 99mTc-pyrophosphate bone scanning. | journal=Radiol Diagn (Berl) | year= 1979 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 405-9 | pmid=229510 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=229510 }} </ref> | Psittacosis is caused by the [[organism]] [[Chlamydia|''Chlamydia psittaci''.]] [[Chlamydia (bacterium)|Chlamydia]] is understood to be a [[Gram-negative]] [[bacterium]] belonging to the [[genus]] [[Chlamydia]] or [[Chlamydophila]] in the [[family]] of [[Chlamydiaceae|''Chlamydiaceae'']] together with [[Parachlamydiaceae|''Parachlamydiaceae'']], [[Waddliaceae|''Waddliaceae'']] and [[Simkaniaceae|''Simkaniaceae'']] in the [[Order (biology)|order]] [[Chlamydiales|''Chlamydiales'']], [[Class (biology)|class]] and [[phylum]] [[Chlamydiae|''Chlamydiae'']]. [[Chlamydiales]] are [[obligate]] intracellular infectious agents in [[eukaryotic]] cells characterized by a unique developmental replication cycle.<ref name="pmid229510">{{cite journal| author=de Rossi G, Focacci C| title=Early detection of craniosynostosis by 99mTc-pyrophosphate bone scanning. | journal=Radiol Diagn (Berl) | year= 1979 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 405-9 | pmid=229510 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=229510 }} </ref> | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Birds are the major [[zoonotic]] reservoir. Despite its name, C. psittaci infection has been documented in 467 species from 30 bird orders, from psittaformes to ostriches to penguins have all been found to be associated with the development of psittacosis<ref name="BeeckmanVanrompay2009">{{cite journal|last1=Beeckman|first1=D.S.A.|last2=Vanrompay|first2=D.C.G.|title=Zoonotic Chlamydophila psittaci infections from a clinical perspective|journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection|volume=15|issue=1|year=2009|pages=11–17|issn=1198743X|doi=10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02669.x}}</ref> | * Birds are the major [[zoonotic]] reservoir. Despite its name, ''C. psittaci'' infection has been documented in 467 species from 30 bird [[Order (biology)|orders]], from psittaformes to ostriches to penguins have all been found to be associated with the development of [[psittacosis]].<ref name="BeeckmanVanrompay2009">{{cite journal|last1=Beeckman|first1=D.S.A.|last2=Vanrompay|first2=D.C.G.|title=Zoonotic Chlamydophila psittaci infections from a clinical perspective|journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection|volume=15|issue=1|year=2009|pages=11–17|issn=1198743X|doi=10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02669.x}}</ref> | ||
[[C. psittaci]] may be classified into eight [[serovars]] according to variation in the major outer membrane protein (MOMP): serovar A to F, WC and M56.<ref name="pmid9765811">{{cite journal| author=Vanrompay D, Butaye P, Sayada C, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F| title=Characterization of avian Chlamydia psittaci strains using omp1 restriction mapping and serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies. | journal=Res Microbiol | year= 1997 | volume= 148 | issue= 4 | pages= 327-33 | pmid=9765811 | doi=10.1016/S0923-2508(97)81588-4 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9765811 }} </ref> | * Bird handlers and those who keep birds as pets have a higher [[prevalence]] of the [[disease]]. | ||
* [[C. psittaci|''C. psittaci'']] may be classified into eight [[serovars]] according to variation in the [[Major Basic Protein|major outer membrane protein]] (MOMP): [[serovar]] A to F, WC and M56.<ref name="pmid9765811">{{cite journal| author=Vanrompay D, Butaye P, Sayada C, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F| title=Characterization of avian Chlamydia psittaci strains using omp1 restriction mapping and serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies. | journal=Res Microbiol | year= 1997 | volume= 148 | issue= 4 | pages= 327-33 | pmid=9765811 | doi=10.1016/S0923-2508(97)81588-4 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9765811 }} </ref> | |||
'''Table 1: Classification of ''Chlamydophila psittaci into 8 serovars'''''<ref name="pmid1153750">{{cite journal| author=Balter S, Janower ML| title=The use of photochromic eyeglasses by radiologists. | journal=Radiology | year= 1975 | volume= 116 | issue= 02 | pages= 450 | pmid=1153750 | doi=10.1148/116.2.450 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1153750 }} </ref> | |||
'''Table 1: Classification of ''Chlamydophila psittaci into 8 serovars | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Serovar | !Serovar | ||
| Line 37: | Line 36: | ||
|A | |A | ||
|A | |A | ||
|Psittaformes | |Psittaformes | ||
* Budgerigars | * Budgerigars | ||
* Cockatiels | * Cockatiels | ||
| Line 45: | Line 44: | ||
|B | |B | ||
|B | |B | ||
|Columbiformes | |Columbiformes | ||
* Pigeons | * Pigeons | ||
* Doves | * Doves | ||
| Line 52: | Line 51: | ||
|C | |C | ||
|C | |C | ||
|Anseriformes | |Anseriformes | ||
* Ducks | * Ducks | ||
* Geese | * Geese | ||
| Line 60: | Line 59: | ||
|D | |D | ||
|D | |D | ||
|Galliformes | |Galliformes | ||
* Turkeys | * Turkeys | ||
* Pheasants | * Pheasants | ||
| Line 68: | Line 67: | ||
|E | |E | ||
|E | |E | ||
|Struthioniformes | |Struthioniformes | ||
* Ostriches | * Ostriches | ||
* Pigeons | * Pigeons | ||
Latest revision as of 14:32, 27 July 2017
For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D. [2]Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [3]
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 Direct fluorescent antibody stain of a mouse brain impression smear showing C. psittaci.
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Psittacosis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Chlamydophila psittaci On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Chlamydophila psittaci |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Chlamydophila psittaci |
Overview
Psittacosis is caused by the organism Chlamydia psittaci. Chlamydia is understood to be a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the genus Chlamydia or Chlamydophila in the family of Chlamydiaceae together with Parachlamydiaceae, Waddliaceae and Simkaniaceae in the order Chlamydiales, class and phylum Chlamydiae. Chlamydiales are obligate intracellular infectious agents in eukaryotic cells characterized by a unique developmental replication cycle.[1]
Causes
- Birds are the major zoonotic reservoir. Despite its name, C. psittaci infection has been documented in 467 species from 30 bird orders, from psittaformes to ostriches to penguins have all been found to be associated with the development of psittacosis.[2]
- Bird handlers and those who keep birds as pets have a higher prevalence of the disease.
- C. psittaci may be classified into eight serovars according to variation in the major outer membrane protein (MOMP): serovar A to F, WC and M56.[3]
Table 1: Classification of Chlamydophila psittaci into 8 serovars[4]
| Serovar | Genotype | Predominant host order | Human infection documented |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | A | Psittaformes
|
Yes |
| B | B | Columbiformes
|
Yes |
| C | C | Anseriformes
|
Yes |
| D | D | Galliformes
|
Yes |
| E | E | Struthioniformes
|
Yes |
| F | F | Isolated from single parakeet and turkey only | Yes |
| WC | G | Cattle | No |
| M56 | H | Rodents | No |
| E/B | Ducks | Yes |
References
- ↑ de Rossi G, Focacci C (1979). "Early detection of craniosynostosis by 99mTc-pyrophosphate bone scanning". Radiol Diagn (Berl). 20 (3): 405–9. PMID 229510.
- ↑ Beeckman, D.S.A.; Vanrompay, D.C.G. (2009). "Zoonotic Chlamydophila psittaci infections from a clinical perspective". Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 15 (1): 11–17. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02669.x. ISSN 1198-743X.
- ↑ Vanrompay D, Butaye P, Sayada C, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F (1997). "Characterization of avian Chlamydia psittaci strains using omp1 restriction mapping and serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies". Res Microbiol. 148 (4): 327–33. doi:10.1016/S0923-2508(97)81588-4. PMID 9765811.
- ↑ Balter S, Janower ML (1975). "The use of photochromic eyeglasses by radiologists". Radiology. 116 (02): 450. doi:10.1148/116.2.450. PMID 1153750.