Chronic diarrhea laboratory findings: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
The laboratory findings in chronic [[diarrhea]] include [[complete blood count]] to evaluate for [[anemia]], abnormal [[white blood cell count]], [[Electrolyte|electrolytes]], [[Thyroid function tests|thyroid function tests,]] [[Serological testing|serology testing]] for [[celiac disease]] and [[Stool examination|stool analysis]] for [[Fecal occult blood|fecal leukocytes]], fecal [[lactoferrin]], [[Fecal occult blood|fecal occult blood.]]
The laboratory findings in chronic [[diarrhea]] include [[complete blood count]] to evaluate for [[anemia]] and abnormal [[white blood cell count]], [[Electrolyte|electrolytes]], [[Thyroid function tests|thyroid function tests,]] [[Serological testing|serology testing]] for [[celiac disease]], and [[Stool examination|stool analysis]] for [[Fecal occult blood|fecal leukocytes]], fecal [[lactoferrin]], and [[Fecal occult blood|fecal occult blood.]]


==Laboratory Findings==
==Laboratory Findings==
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===Stool Analysis===
===Stool Analysis===
*'''Fecal leukocytes'''; the presence of [[white blood cells]] in the stool has a [[Sensitivity (tests)|sensitivity]] of 70% and a [[Specificity (tests)|specificity]] of 50% for detecting [[inflammation]] in studies of [[infectious]] diarrhea. Fecal [[white blood cells]] can be present in both [[infectious colitis]] and [[Inflammatory bowel disease|inflammatory bowel diseases]] such as [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Crohn's disease|crohn’s disease]], and [[microscopic colitis]].
*'''Fecal leukocytes''': The presence of [[white blood cells]] in the stool has a [[Sensitivity (tests)|sensitivity]] of 70% and a [[Specificity (tests)|specificity]] of 50% for detecting [[inflammation]] in studies of [[infectious]] diarrhea. Fecal [[white blood cells]] can be present in both [[infectious colitis]] and [[Inflammatory bowel disease|inflammatory bowel diseases]] such as [[ulcerative colitis]], [[Crohn's disease]], and [[microscopic colitis]].
*'''Fecal occult blood'''; the [[Sensitivity (tests)|sensitivity]] and [[Specificity (tests)|specificity]] of [[Stool guaiac test|stool guaiac]] cards for detecting [[inflammatory]] or [[neoplastic]] causes of [[diarrhea]] have not been studied.
*'''Fecal occult blood''': The [[Sensitivity (tests)|sensitivity]] and [[Specificity (tests)|specificity]] of [[Stool guaiac test|stool guaiac]] cards for detecting [[inflammatory]] or [[neoplastic]] causes of [[diarrhea]] have not been studied.
*'''Osmotic gap;''' measuring stool [[potassium]] and [[Sodium|sodium concentrations]] can determine the [[Osmotic|stool osmotic gap]]. For secretory [[diarrhea]], the osmotic gap is less than 50 mOsm/kg. In osmotic [[diarrhea]], the osmotic gap is greater than 50 mOsm/kg.
*'''Osmotic gap''': Measuring stool [[potassium]] and [[Sodium|sodium concentrations]] can determine the [[Osmotic|stool osmotic gap]]. For secretory [[diarrhea]], the osmotic gap is less than 50 mOsm/kg. In osmotic [[diarrhea]], the osmotic gap is greater than 50 mOsm/kg.


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]

Latest revision as of 20:57, 29 July 2020

Chronic diarrhea Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Chronic diarrhea from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

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Treatment

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Primary Prevention

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Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]

Overview

The laboratory findings in chronic diarrhea include complete blood count to evaluate for anemia and abnormal white blood cell count, electrolytes, thyroid function tests, serology testing for celiac disease, and stool analysis for fecal leukocytes, fecal lactoferrin, and fecal occult blood.

Laboratory Findings

Blood Tests

Initial laboratory tests should include a complete blood count to evaluate for anemia and an abnormal white blood cell count, as well as electrolytes, thyroid function tests, and serology testing for celiac disease.[1][2][3][4]

Stool Analysis

References

  1. Fine, K; Schiller, L (1999). "AGA Technical Review on the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Diarrhea☆". Gastroenterology. 116 (6): 1464–1486. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(99)70513-5. ISSN 0016-5085.
  2. "American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: Guidelines for the evaluation and management of chronic diarrhea☆, ☆☆". Gastroenterology. 116 (6): 1461–1463. 1999. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(99)70512-3. ISSN 0016-5085.
  3. Camilleri M (2004). "Chronic diarrhea: a review on pathophysiology and management for the clinical gastroenterologist". Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2 (3): 198–206. PMID 15017602.
  4. Fine KD, Seidel RH, Do K (2000). "The prevalence, anatomic distribution, and diagnosis of colonic causes of chronic diarrhea". Gastrointest Endosc. 51 (3): 318–26. PMID 10699778.


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