Pituitary apoplexy causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Pituitary | Pituitary apoplexy is most commonly caused by [[bleeding]] into the [[pituitary gland]] from a [[benign]] [[tumor]] of the [[pituitary]]. When this [[bleeding]] occurs in a woman during or immediately after [[childbirth]], it is called [[Sheehan syndrome]]. Other conditions causing [[pituitary]] apoplexy are [[coagulopathy]], major [[surgery]], [[hypertension]], [[drugs]] such as [[Dopamine agonist|dopamine receptor agonists]], [[GnRH agonist|GnRH agonists]], [[Antiplatelet drug|antiplatelets]], and [[thrombolytic therapy]]. | ||
==Common causes== | ==Causes== | ||
The most common cause of pituitary apoplexy is [[pituitary adenoma]] (a [[benign]] [[tumor]] of [[pituitary gland]]). Other common causes include: | ===Common causes=== | ||
The most common cause of pituitary apoplexy is [[pituitary adenoma]] (a [[benign]] [[tumor]] of [[pituitary gland]]). Other common causes include:<ref name="BaruahRanabir2011">{{cite journal|last1=Baruah|first1=ManashP|last2=Ranabir|first2=Salam|title=Pituitary apoplexy|journal=Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism|volume=15|issue=7|year=2011|pages=188|issn=2230-8210|doi=10.4103/2230-8210.84862}}</ref><ref name="pmid3486645">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cooper DM, Bazaral MG, Furlan AJ, Sevilla E, Ghattas MA, Sheeler LR, Little JR, Hahn JF, Sheldon WC, Loop FD |title=Pituitary apoplexy: a complication of cardiac surgery |journal=Ann. Thorac. Surg. |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=547–50 |year=1986 |pmid=3486645 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21044119">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rajasekaran S, Vanderpump M, Baldeweg S, Drake W, Reddy N, Lanyon M, Markey A, Plant G, Powell M, Sinha S, Wass J |title=UK guidelines for the management of pituitary apoplexy |journal=Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) |volume=74 |issue=1 |pages=9–20 |year=2011 |pmid=21044119 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03913.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7786424">{{cite journal |vauthors=Goel A, Deogaonkar M, Desai K |title=Fatal postoperative 'pituitary apoplexy': its cause and management |journal=Br J Neurosurg |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=37–40 |year=1995 |pmid=7786424 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Coagulopathy]] | |||
*[[Surgery]] predisposing to [[hypotension]] | *[[Surgery]] predisposing to [[hypotension]] | ||
*[[Systemic hypertension]] | |||
*[[Systemic hypertension]] | *[[Drugs]] causing pituitary apoplexy: | ||
*Drugs | |||
**[[Antiplatelet agents|Antiplatelet therapy]] | **[[Antiplatelet agents|Antiplatelet therapy]] | ||
**[[Thrombolytic therapy]] | **[[Thrombolytic therapy]] | ||
**[[Dopamine agonist|Dopamine receptor | **[[Dopamine agonist|Dopamine receptor agonists]] | ||
**[[GnRH agonist|GnRH agonists]] | **[[GnRH agonist|GnRH agonists]] | ||
**[[Estrogen replacement therapy]] | **[[Estrogen replacement therapy]] | ||
*[[Pregnancy]] and [[Postpartum|post partum]] | *[[Pregnancy]] and [[Postpartum|post-partum]] | ||
*[[Hormonal]] stimulation of pituitary with [[Thyrotropin-releasing hormone|TRH]], [[Gonadotropin-releasing hormone|GnRH]] and [[Corticotropin-releasing hormone|CRH]] | *[[Hormonal]] stimulation of [[Pituitary gland|pituitary]] with [[Thyrotropin-releasing hormone|TRH]], [[Gonadotropin-releasing hormone|GnRH]] and [[Corticotropin-releasing hormone|CRH]] | ||
==Less common causes== | ===Less common causes=== | ||
*[[Head injury]] | *[[Head injury]] | ||
*[[Radiation therapy]] | *[[Radiation therapy]] | ||
*Pituitary [[surgery]] | *[[Pituitary gland|Pituitary]] [[surgery]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Endocrinology]] | [[Category:Endocrinology]] | ||
[[Category:Neurology]] | [[Category:Neurology]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Latest revision as of 15:48, 24 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Akshun Kalia M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
Pituitary apoplexy is most commonly caused by bleeding into the pituitary gland from a benign tumor of the pituitary. When this bleeding occurs in a woman during or immediately after childbirth, it is called Sheehan syndrome. Other conditions causing pituitary apoplexy are coagulopathy, major surgery, hypertension, drugs such as dopamine receptor agonists, GnRH agonists, antiplatelets, and thrombolytic therapy.
Causes
Common causes
The most common cause of pituitary apoplexy is pituitary adenoma (a benign tumor of pituitary gland). Other common causes include:[1][2][3][4]
- Coagulopathy
- Surgery predisposing to hypotension
- Systemic hypertension
- Drugs causing pituitary apoplexy:
- Pregnancy and post-partum
- Hormonal stimulation of pituitary with TRH, GnRH and CRH
Less common causes
References
- ↑ Baruah, ManashP; Ranabir, Salam (2011). "Pituitary apoplexy". Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 15 (7): 188. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.84862. ISSN 2230-8210.
- ↑ Cooper DM, Bazaral MG, Furlan AJ, Sevilla E, Ghattas MA, Sheeler LR, Little JR, Hahn JF, Sheldon WC, Loop FD (1986). "Pituitary apoplexy: a complication of cardiac surgery". Ann. Thorac. Surg. 41 (5): 547–50. PMID 3486645.
- ↑ Rajasekaran S, Vanderpump M, Baldeweg S, Drake W, Reddy N, Lanyon M, Markey A, Plant G, Powell M, Sinha S, Wass J (2011). "UK guidelines for the management of pituitary apoplexy". Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf). 74 (1): 9–20. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03913.x. PMID 21044119.
- ↑ Goel A, Deogaonkar M, Desai K (1995). "Fatal postoperative 'pituitary apoplexy': its cause and management". Br J Neurosurg. 9 (1): 37–40. PMID 7786424.