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==Overview==
==Overview==
Hypogonadism is commonly caused by [[congenital]] and acquired [[genetic]] and [[endocrinology|endocrinological]] conditions. [[Malignant|Malignancies]] can be life threatening causes and should take priority when diagnosing the [[etiology]].<ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref><ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>
Hypogonadism is commonly caused by [[congenital]], acquired [[genetic]] and [[endocrinology|endocrinological]] conditions. Life threatening causes may include malignancies and must take in to consideration during patient approach.<ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref><ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>


==Causes ==
==Causes ==
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===Life Threatening Causes===
===Life Threatening Causes===
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. The following diseases are life threatening causes of hypogonadism:
*[[Astrocytoma]]
*[[Astrocytoma]]
*[[Chronic renal failure]]
*[[Chronic renal failure]]
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===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
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*[[17α-hydroxylase deficiency]]
*[[17α-hydroxylase deficiency]]
*[[17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase iii deficiency]]
*[[17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase iii deficiency]]

Latest revision as of 21:20, 10 January 2020

Hypogonadism Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2] Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Overview

Hypogonadism is commonly caused by congenital, acquired genetic and endocrinological conditions. Life threatening causes may include malignancies and must take in to consideration during patient approach.[1][2]

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. The following diseases are life threatening causes of hypogonadism:

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Alström syndrome, Amyloidosis, Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, Vascular abnormalities of the cns
Chemical/Poisoning Alcohol, Alkylating agents, Cytotoxic therapeutic agents, Environmental toxins, Ethanol, Toxins
Dental Jaffe-campanacci syndrome, Lepromatous leprosy
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Antiandrogens, Ketoconazole, Marijuana use, Opioids
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Adiposogenital dystrophy, Adrenal hypoplasia, Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2, Combined pituitary hormone deficiency , Disorders of androgen synthesis, Functional gonadotropin deficiency, Glucocorticoids, Glycoprotein syndrome type 1, Gonadal dysgenesis , Growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma, Hyperprolactinemia, Hypogonadic hypogonadism, Hypopituitarism, Hypothalamic glioma, Panhypopituitarism, Pituitary tumor, Poems syndrome, Polycystic ovarian disease, Proprotein convertase 1/3 deficiency, Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a, Swyer's syndrome, Testicular biosynthetic defects
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Hepatic cirrhosis
Genetic 17α-hydroxylase deficiency, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase iii deficiency, 20-lyase deficiency, 48, xxxy aneuploidy, 48, xxyy aneuploidy, 4h syndrome, Acrocephalopolysyndactyly type 2, Alström syndrome, Aromatase deficiency, Autoimmune oophoritis, Bardet-biedl syndrome, Belgian type mental retardation, Blepharophimosis syndrome, Borjeson-forssman-lehmann syndrome, Boucher-neuhäuser syndrome, Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, Ccfdn syndrome, Charge syndrome, Congenital adrenal hypoplasia, Craniofacial anomalies, Craniopharyngioma, Cryptorchidism, Didmoad syndrome, Dystrophia myotonica type 2, Fsh receptor deficiency, Fsh beta subunit mutation (follicle stimulating hormone), Fsh receptor mutation, Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency, Galactosemia, Gaucher disease, Gordon holmes syndrome, Hartsfield syndrome, Image syndrome, Isolated fsh deficiency, Isolated lh deficiency, Jaffe-campanacci syndrome, Kallmann syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Laurence-moon syndrome, Leptin deficiency, Lh (luteinizing hormone) beta subunit mutation, Lh receptor mutation, Lh resistance, Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Malouf syndrome, Marinesco-sjogren-garland syndrome, Martsolf syndrome, Mobius syndrome, Mosaicism, Myotonic dystrophy, Noonan syndrome, Prader-willi syndrome, Proprotein convertase 1/3 deficiency, Resistant ovary, Rud syndrome, Sertoli-cell-only syndrome, Turner syndrome, Woodhouse-sakati syndrome, X-linked mental retardation-hypotonic facies syndrome, Xx gonadal dysgenesis
Hematologic Glycoprotein syndrome type 1, Hemochromatosis, Langerhans histiocytosis, Leukoencephalopathy , Zinc deficiency
Iatrogenic Chemotherapy, Opioids, Orchitis, Radiation therapy, Surgery
Infectious Disease Aids, Infections, Mumps
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic Astrocytoma, Belgian type mental retardation, Craniopharyngioma, Gordon holmes syndrome, Poems syndrome, Postinfectious lesions of the central nervous system (cns), Vascular abnormalities of the cns
Nutritional/Metabolic Zinc deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic Exercise-induced amenorrhea, Ovarian resistance syndrome, Ovarian torsion, Polycystic ovarian disease, Premature ovarian failure, Premature menopause, Resistant ovary, Rud syndrome, Suramin, Swyer's syndrome
Oncologic Astrocytoma, Germinoma, Growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma, Hypothalamic glioma, Langerhans histiocytosis, Optic glioma, Other germ cell tumors, Pituitary tumor
Ophthalmologic Optic glioma
Overdose/Toxicity Alcohol
Psychiatric Anorexia nervosa
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte Chronic renal failure, Renal failure
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Amyloidosis, Autoimmune damage, Autoimmunity, Chronic systemic illnesses, Lepromatous leprosy
Sexual Aids, Epididymo-orchitis, Germinoma, Orchidectomy, Suramin
Trauma Head trauma, Hepatic cirrhosis, Ovarian torsion, Testicular torsion, Trauma
Urologic Anorchia, Anorchidism, Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, Cryptorchidism, Disorders of androgen synthesis, Epididymo-orchitis, Gonadal dysgenesis , Hypogonadic hypogonadism, Orchitis, Testicular torsion, Varicocele
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
  2. ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X

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