Cryptococcosis history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The symptoms of [[cryptococcosis]] depend on the site of [[infection]]/clinical syndrome, the [[virulence]] of the [[yeast]] [[Strain (biology)|strain]], and the [[immune]] status of the host. Patients may be completely [[asymptomatic]], have latent [[infection]], or have [[symptomatic]] disease. [[Cryptococcus]] infection can present as [[pneumonia]]-like illness with [[fever]], [[cough]], [[sputum]] production, and [[chest pain]]. [[Cryptococcus]] can also [[Disseminated disease|disseminate]] to the [[central nervous system]] and cause [[meningoencephalitis]] presenting with [[headache]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[Altered mental status|altered sensorium]], and focal [[neurological]] deficits.<ref name="pmid27655152">{{cite journal| author=Secombe CJ, Lester GD, Krockenberger MB| title=Equine Pulmonary Cryptococcosis: A Comparative Literature Review and Evaluation of Fluconazole Monotherapy. | journal=Mycopathologia | year= 2017 | volume= 182 | issue= 3-4 | pages= 413-423 | pmid=27655152 | doi=10.1007/s11046-016-0065-9 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27655152 }} </ref> | The [[symptoms]] of [[cryptococcosis]] depend on the site of [[infection]]/clinical syndrome, the [[virulence]] of the [[yeast]] [[Strain (biology)|strain]], and the [[immune]] status of the host. Patients may be completely [[asymptomatic]], have latent [[infection]], or have [[symptomatic]] disease. [[Cryptococcus]] infection can present as [[pneumonia]]-like illness with [[fever]], [[cough]], [[sputum]] production, and [[chest pain]]. [[Cryptococcus]] can also [[Disseminated disease|disseminate]] to the [[central nervous system]] and cause [[meningoencephalitis]] presenting with [[headache]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[Altered mental status|altered sensorium]], and focal [[neurological]] deficits.<ref name="pmid27655152">{{cite journal| author=Secombe CJ, Lester GD, Krockenberger MB| title=Equine Pulmonary Cryptococcosis: A Comparative Literature Review and Evaluation of Fluconazole Monotherapy. | journal=Mycopathologia | year= 2017 | volume= 182 | issue= 3-4 | pages= 413-423 | pmid=27655152 | doi=10.1007/s11046-016-0065-9 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27655152 }} </ref> | ||
==History and Symptoms== | ==History and Symptoms== | ||
The symptoms of [[cryptococcosis]] depend on the site of [[infection]]/clinical syndrome, the [[virulence]] of the [[yeast]] [[Strain (biology)|strain]], and the [[immune]] status of the host.<ref name="pmid26932366">{{cite journal| author=Schmalzle SA, Buchwald UK, Gilliam BL, Riedel DJ| title=Cryptococcus neoformans infection in malignancy. | journal=Mycoses | year= 2016 | volume= 59 | issue= 9 | pages= 542-52 | pmid=26932366 | doi=10.1111/myc.12496 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26932366 }} </ref><ref name="pmid26897067">{{cite journal| author=Maziarz EK, Perfect JR| title=Cryptococcosis. | journal=Infect Dis Clin North Am | year= 2016 | volume= 30 | issue= 1 | pages= 179-206 | pmid=26897067 | doi=10.1016/j.idc.2015.10.006 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26897067 }} </ref> Symptoms of cryptococcal infection include the following: | The symptoms of [[cryptococcosis]] depend on the site of [[infection]]/clinical syndrome, the [[virulence]] of the [[yeast]] [[Strain (biology)|strain]], and the [[immune]] status of the host.<ref name="pmid26932366">{{cite journal| author=Schmalzle SA, Buchwald UK, Gilliam BL, Riedel DJ| title=Cryptococcus neoformans infection in malignancy. | journal=Mycoses | year= 2016 | volume= 59 | issue= 9 | pages= 542-52 | pmid=26932366 | doi=10.1111/myc.12496 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26932366 }} </ref><ref name="pmid26897067">{{cite journal| author=Maziarz EK, Perfect JR| title=Cryptococcosis. | journal=Infect Dis Clin North Am | year= 2016 | volume= 30 | issue= 1 | pages= 179-206 | pmid=26897067 | doi=10.1016/j.idc.2015.10.006 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26897067 }} </ref> [[Symptoms]] of cryptococcal infection include the following: | ||
=== | ===Pulmonary cryptococcosis=== | ||
[[Pulmonary]] infection can present with the following symptoms: | [[Pulmonary]] infection can present with the following symptoms:<ref name="pmid18365996">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jarvis JN, Harrison TS |title=Pulmonary cryptococcosis |journal=Semin Respir Crit Care Med |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=141–50 |year=2008 |pmid=18365996 |doi=10.1055/s-2008-1063853 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[Cough]] | *[[Cough]] | ||
*[[Shortness of breath]] | *[[Shortness of breath]] | ||
| Line 16: | Line 16: | ||
*[[Fever]] | *[[Fever]] | ||
*[[Sputum]] production | *[[Sputum]] production | ||
=== | ===Central nervous system crytococcosis=== | ||
Cryptococcosis of the [[central nervous system]] may present with the following [[symptoms]]:<ref name="pmid27583871">{{cite journal| author=Leonhard SE, Fritz D, van de Beek D, Brouwer MC| title=Cryptococcal meningitis complicating sarcoidosis. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 2016 | volume= 95 | issue= 35 | pages= e4587 | pmid=27583871 | doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000004587 | pmc=5008555 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27583871 }} </ref><ref name="urlMeningitis: Symptoms - National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0024782/ |title=Meningitis: Symptoms - National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Headache]] | |||
*[[Fever]] | *[[Fever]] | ||
*[[Neck pain]] | *[[Neck pain]] | ||
| Line 24: | Line 25: | ||
*[[Confusion]] | *[[Confusion]] | ||
=== Cutaneous | === Cutaneous cryptococcosis === | ||
[[Cutaneous]] [[infection]] is seen in patients with [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]] [[infection]] and presents as an [[ulcer]] or raised [[skin rash]]. | [[Cutaneous]] [[infection]] is seen in patients with [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]] [[infection]] and presents as an [[ulcer]] or raised [[skin rash]].<ref name="pmid12964709">{{cite journal |vauthors=Christianson JC, Engber W, Andes D |title=Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts |journal=Med. Mycol. |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=177–88 |year=2003 |pmid=12964709 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Fungal diseases]] | [[Category:Fungal diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
[[Category:Pulmonology]] | |||
[[Category:Neurology]] | |||
[[Category:Dermatology]] | |||
Latest revision as of 21:10, 29 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Serge Korjian M.D.; Yazan Daaboul, M.D.
Overview
The symptoms of cryptococcosis depend on the site of infection/clinical syndrome, the virulence of the yeast strain, and the immune status of the host. Patients may be completely asymptomatic, have latent infection, or have symptomatic disease. Cryptococcus infection can present as pneumonia-like illness with fever, cough, sputum production, and chest pain. Cryptococcus can also disseminate to the central nervous system and cause meningoencephalitis presenting with headache, nausea, vomiting, altered sensorium, and focal neurological deficits.[1]
History and Symptoms
The symptoms of cryptococcosis depend on the site of infection/clinical syndrome, the virulence of the yeast strain, and the immune status of the host.[2][3] Symptoms of cryptococcal infection include the following:
Pulmonary cryptococcosis
Pulmonary infection can present with the following symptoms:[4]
- Cough
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Fever
- Sputum production
Central nervous system crytococcosis
Cryptococcosis of the central nervous system may present with the following symptoms:[5][6]
Cutaneous cryptococcosis
Cutaneous infection is seen in patients with HIV infection and presents as an ulcer or raised skin rash.[7]
References
- ↑ Secombe CJ, Lester GD, Krockenberger MB (2017). "Equine Pulmonary Cryptococcosis: A Comparative Literature Review and Evaluation of Fluconazole Monotherapy". Mycopathologia. 182 (3–4): 413–423. doi:10.1007/s11046-016-0065-9. PMID 27655152.
- ↑ Schmalzle SA, Buchwald UK, Gilliam BL, Riedel DJ (2016). "Cryptococcus neoformans infection in malignancy". Mycoses. 59 (9): 542–52. doi:10.1111/myc.12496. PMID 26932366.
- ↑ Maziarz EK, Perfect JR (2016). "Cryptococcosis". Infect Dis Clin North Am. 30 (1): 179–206. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2015.10.006. PMID 26897067.
- ↑ Jarvis JN, Harrison TS (2008). "Pulmonary cryptococcosis". Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 29 (2): 141–50. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1063853. PMID 18365996.
- ↑ Leonhard SE, Fritz D, van de Beek D, Brouwer MC (2016). "Cryptococcal meningitis complicating sarcoidosis". Medicine (Baltimore). 95 (35): e4587. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000004587. PMC 5008555. PMID 27583871.
- ↑ "Meningitis: Symptoms - National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health".
- ↑ Christianson JC, Engber W, Andes D (2003). "Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts". Med. Mycol. 41 (3): 177–88. PMID 12964709.