Riedel's thyroiditis natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
If left untreated, patients with Riedel's thyroiditis may progress to develop | If left untreated, patients with Riedel's thyroiditis may progress to develop complications such as painless neck pressure out of proportion to the size of the [[goiter]], [[hoarseness]], [[stridor]], [[dysphagia]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[hypoparathyroidism]], [[Horner's syndrome]], and [[Phlebitis|occlusive phlebitis]]. Prognosis is generally good and the disease-specific [[Mortality rate|death rate]] ranges in frequency from 6-10% in the patients with Riedel's thyroiditis. | ||
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | ==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | ||
===Natural History=== | ===Natural History=== | ||
The symptoms of Riedel's thyroiditis usually develop in the third to fifth decade of life and progresses slowly.<ref name="pmid1987447">{{cite journal |vauthors=Singer PA |title=Thyroiditis. Acute, subacute, and chronic |journal=Med. Clin. North Am. |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=61–77 |year=1991 |pmid=1987447 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="Endocrinology adult and pediatric">{{cite book | last = Groot | first = Leslie | title = Endocrinology adult and pediatric : the thyroid gland | publisher = Saunders | location = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | year = 2010 | isbn = 9780323240642 }}</ref><ref name="pmid7608652">{{cite journal |vauthors=Heufelder AE, Hay ID |title=Further evidence for autoimmune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Riedel's invasive fibrous thyroiditis |journal=J. Intern. Med. |volume=238 |issue=1 |pages=85–6 |year=1995 |pmid=7608652 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12961022">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sheu SY, Schmid KW |title=[Inflammatory diseases of the thyroid gland. Epidemiology, symptoms and morphology] |language=German |journal=Pathologe |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=339–47 |year=2003 |pmid=12961022 |doi=10.1007/s00292-003-0628-7 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid263470">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chopra D, Wool MS, Crosson A, Sawin CT |title=Riedel's struma associated with subacute thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, and hypoparathyroidism |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=46 |issue=6 |pages=869–71 |year=1978 |pmid=263470 |doi=10.1210/jcem-46-6-869 |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlRiedel’s thyroiditis associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, hypoparathyroidism, and retroperitoneal fibrosis | SpringerLink">{{cite web |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03347912 |title=Riedel’s thyroiditis associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, hypoparathyroidism, and retroperitoneal fibrosis | SpringerLink |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Diagnosis]] of is often delayed for a variable period of time after the onset of clinical symptoms. | |||
*After the initial presentation, it has been observed that the process may stabilize or even regress. | *After the initial presentation, it has been observed that the process may stabilize or even regress. | ||
*If left untreated, patients with Riedel's thyroiditis may progress to develop dysphagia, stridor, painless neck pressure out of proportion to the size of the goiter, and hypothyroidism. | *If left untreated, patients with Riedel's thyroiditis may progress to develop [[dysphagia]], [[stridor]], painless neck pressure out of proportion to the size of the [[goiter]], and [[hypothyroidism]]. | ||
===Complications=== | ===Complications=== | ||
*Common complications of Riedel's thyroiditis include: | *Common complications of Riedel's thyroiditis include:<ref name="pmid12961022">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sheu SY, Schmid KW |title=[Inflammatory diseases of the thyroid gland. Epidemiology, symptoms and morphology] |language=German |journal=Pathologe |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=339–47 |year=2003 |pmid=12961022 |doi=10.1007/s00292-003-0628-7 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12081240">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kabalak T, Ozgen AG |title=Familial occurrence of subacute thyroiditis |journal=Endocr. J. |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=207–9 |year=2002 |pmid=12081240 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21568724">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fatourechi MM, Hay ID, McIver B, Sebo TJ, Fatourechi V |title=Invasive fibrous thyroiditis (Riedel thyroiditis): the Mayo Clinic experience, 1976-2008 |journal=Thyroid |volume=21 |issue=7 |pages=765–72 |year=2011 |pmid=21568724 |doi=10.1089/thy.2010.0453 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12161472">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yasmeen T, Khan S, Patel SG, Reeves WA, Gonsch FA, de Bustros A, Kaplan EL |title=Clinical case seminar: Riedel's thyroiditis: report of a case complicated by spontaneous hypoparathyroidism, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, and Horner's syndrome |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=87 |issue=8 |pages=3543–7 |year=2002 |pmid=12161472 |doi=10.1210/jcem.87.8.8752 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1009988">{{cite journal |vauthors=Meijer S, Hoitsma HF, Scholtmeijer R |title=Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis in multifocal fibrosclerosis |journal=Eur. Urol. |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=258–60 |year=1976 |pmid=1009988 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid943929">{{cite journal |vauthors=Meyer S, Hausman R |title=Occlusive phlebitis in multifocal fibrosclerosis |journal=Am. J. Clin. Pathol. |volume=65 |issue=3 |pages=274–83 |year=1976 |pmid=943929 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11263468">{{cite journal |vauthors=Geissler B, Wagner T, Dorn R, Lindemann F |title=Extensive sterile abscess in an invasive fibrous thyroiditis (Riedel's thyroiditis) caused by an occlusive vasculitis |journal=J. Endocrinol. Invest. |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=111–5 |year=2001 |pmid=11263468 |doi=10.1007/BF03343824 |url=}}</ref> | ||
**Hoarseness | **[[Hoarseness]] | ||
**Stridor | **[[Stridor]] | ||
**Dysphagia | **[[Dysphagia]] | ||
**Hypothyroidism | **[[Hypothyroidism]] | ||
**Hypoparathyroidism | **[[Hypoparathyroidism]] | ||
**Horner's syndrome | **[[Horner's syndrome]] | ||
**Occlusive phlebitis | **[[Phlebitis|Occlusive phlebitis]] | ||
**[[Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis]] | |||
===Prognosis=== | ===Prognosis=== | ||
*Prognosis is generally good and the disease-specific death rate ranges in frequency from 6-10% in | *Prognosis is generally good and the disease-specific [[Mortality rate|death rate]] ranges in frequency from 6-10% in patients with Riedel's thyroiditis.<ref name="urlRiedels Thyroiditis: A Clinical Review | The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism | Oxford Academic">{{cite web |url=https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/96/10/3031/2834851/Riedel-s-Thyroiditis-A-Clinical-Review |title=Riedel's Thyroiditis: A Clinical Review | The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism | Oxford Academic |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3057862">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schwaegerle SM, Bauer TW, Esselstyn CB |title=Riedel's thyroiditis |journal=Am. J. Clin. Pathol. |volume=90 |issue=6 |pages=715–22 |year=1988 |pmid=3057862 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21568724">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fatourechi MM, Hay ID, McIver B, Sebo TJ, Fatourechi V |title=Invasive fibrous thyroiditis (Riedel thyroiditis): the Mayo Clinic experience, 1976-2008 |journal=Thyroid |volume=21 |issue=7 |pages=765–72 |year=2011 |pmid=21568724 |doi=10.1089/thy.2010.0453 |url=}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Endocrinology]] | |||
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Latest revision as of 00:01, 30 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Furqan M M. M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
If left untreated, patients with Riedel's thyroiditis may progress to develop complications such as painless neck pressure out of proportion to the size of the goiter, hoarseness, stridor, dysphagia, hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, Horner's syndrome, and occlusive phlebitis. Prognosis is generally good and the disease-specific death rate ranges in frequency from 6-10% in the patients with Riedel's thyroiditis.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
The symptoms of Riedel's thyroiditis usually develop in the third to fifth decade of life and progresses slowly.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
- Diagnosis of is often delayed for a variable period of time after the onset of clinical symptoms.
- After the initial presentation, it has been observed that the process may stabilize or even regress.
- If left untreated, patients with Riedel's thyroiditis may progress to develop dysphagia, stridor, painless neck pressure out of proportion to the size of the goiter, and hypothyroidism.
Complications
Prognosis
- Prognosis is generally good and the disease-specific death rate ranges in frequency from 6-10% in patients with Riedel's thyroiditis.[13][14][8]
References
- ↑ Singer PA (1991). "Thyroiditis. Acute, subacute, and chronic". Med. Clin. North Am. 75 (1): 61–77. PMID 1987447.
- ↑ Groot, Leslie (2010). Endocrinology adult and pediatric : the thyroid gland. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Saunders. ISBN 9780323240642.
- ↑ Heufelder AE, Hay ID (1995). "Further evidence for autoimmune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Riedel's invasive fibrous thyroiditis". J. Intern. Med. 238 (1): 85–6. PMID 7608652.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Sheu SY, Schmid KW (2003). "[Inflammatory diseases of the thyroid gland. Epidemiology, symptoms and morphology]". Pathologe (in German). 24 (5): 339–47. doi:10.1007/s00292-003-0628-7. PMID 12961022.
- ↑ Chopra D, Wool MS, Crosson A, Sawin CT (1978). "Riedel's struma associated with subacute thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, and hypoparathyroidism". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 46 (6): 869–71. doi:10.1210/jcem-46-6-869. PMID 263470.
- ↑ "Riedel's thyroiditis associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hypoparathyroidism, and retroperitoneal fibrosis | SpringerLink".
- ↑ Kabalak T, Ozgen AG (2002). "Familial occurrence of subacute thyroiditis". Endocr. J. 49 (2): 207–9. PMID 12081240.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Fatourechi MM, Hay ID, McIver B, Sebo TJ, Fatourechi V (2011). "Invasive fibrous thyroiditis (Riedel thyroiditis): the Mayo Clinic experience, 1976-2008". Thyroid. 21 (7): 765–72. doi:10.1089/thy.2010.0453. PMID 21568724.
- ↑ Yasmeen T, Khan S, Patel SG, Reeves WA, Gonsch FA, de Bustros A, Kaplan EL (2002). "Clinical case seminar: Riedel's thyroiditis: report of a case complicated by spontaneous hypoparathyroidism, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, and Horner's syndrome". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87 (8): 3543–7. doi:10.1210/jcem.87.8.8752. PMID 12161472.
- ↑ Meijer S, Hoitsma HF, Scholtmeijer R (1976). "Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis in multifocal fibrosclerosis". Eur. Urol. 2 (5): 258–60. PMID 1009988.
- ↑ Meyer S, Hausman R (1976). "Occlusive phlebitis in multifocal fibrosclerosis". Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 65 (3): 274–83. PMID 943929.
- ↑ Geissler B, Wagner T, Dorn R, Lindemann F (2001). "Extensive sterile abscess in an invasive fibrous thyroiditis (Riedel's thyroiditis) caused by an occlusive vasculitis". J. Endocrinol. Invest. 24 (2): 111–5. doi:10.1007/BF03343824. PMID 11263468.
- ↑ "Riedel's Thyroiditis: A Clinical Review | The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism | Oxford Academic".
- ↑ Schwaegerle SM, Bauer TW, Esselstyn CB (1988). "Riedel's thyroiditis". Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 90 (6): 715–22. PMID 3057862.