Gynecomastia Diagnostic Study of Choice: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
 
(6 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 4: Line 4:
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{HS}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{HS}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of gynecomastia. Gynecomastia is diagnosed clinically after a thorough history and physical examination. Laboratory investigations, imaging and exclusion of other conditions like pseudogynecomastia and [[Breast cancer|breast cancer]], is also helpful in the diagnosis of gynecomastia.
There is no established criteria for the diagnosis of [[gynecomastia]]. It is diagnosed clinically after a thorough history and physical examination. A [[Mammogram|diagnostic mammogram]] has a 90 percent [[sensitivity]] and [[specificity]].


==Diagnostic Criteria==
==Diagnostic Criteria==
*There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of gynecomastia.<ref name="pmid17881754">{{cite journal| author=Braunstein GD| title=Clinical practice. Gynecomastia. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2007 | volume= 357 | issue= 12 | pages= 1229-37 | pmid=17881754 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp070677 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17881754  }} </ref><ref name="pmid12379069">{{cite journal |vauthors=Giordano SH, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN |title=Breast cancer in men |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=137 |issue=8 |pages=678–87 |year=2002 |pmid=12379069 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11425067">{{cite journal |vauthors=Evans GF, Anthony T, Turnage RH, Schumpert TD, Levy KR, Amirkhan RH, Campbell TJ, Lopez J, Appelbaum AH |title=The diagnostic accuracy of mammography in the evaluation of male breast disease |journal=Am. J. Surg. |volume=181 |issue=2 |pages=96–100 |year=2001 |pmid=11425067 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20571799">{{cite journal| author=Muñoz Carrasco R, Alvarez Benito M, Muñoz Gomariz E, Raya Povedano JL, Martínez Paredes M| title=Mammography and ultrasound in the evaluation of male breast disease. | journal=Eur Radiol | year= 2010 | volume= 20 | issue= 12 | pages= 2797-805 | pmid=20571799 | doi=10.1007/s00330-010-1867-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20571799  }} </ref>
*There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [[gynecomastia]].<ref name="pmid17881754">{{cite journal| author=Braunstein GD| title=Clinical practice. Gynecomastia. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2007 | volume= 357 | issue= 12 | pages= 1229-37 | pmid=17881754 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp070677 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17881754  }} </ref><ref name="pmid12379069">{{cite journal |vauthors=Giordano SH, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN |title=Breast cancer in men |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=137 |issue=8 |pages=678–87 |year=2002 |pmid=12379069 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11425067">{{cite journal |vauthors=Evans GF, Anthony T, Turnage RH, Schumpert TD, Levy KR, Amirkhan RH, Campbell TJ, Lopez J, Appelbaum AH |title=The diagnostic accuracy of mammography in the evaluation of male breast disease |journal=Am. J. Surg. |volume=181 |issue=2 |pages=96–100 |year=2001 |pmid=11425067 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20571799">{{cite journal| author=Muñoz Carrasco R, Alvarez Benito M, Muñoz Gomariz E, Raya Povedano JL, Martínez Paredes M| title=Mammography and ultrasound in the evaluation of male breast disease. | journal=Eur Radiol | year= 2010 | volume= 20 | issue= 12 | pages= 2797-805 | pmid=20571799 | doi=10.1007/s00330-010-1867-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20571799  }} </ref>
*The diagnosis of gynecomastia is primarily based on [[clinical examination]] which helps to differentiate it from pseudogynecomastia and [[breast cancer]].
*The diagnosis of gynecomastia is primarily based on [[clinical examination]] which helps to differentiate it from pseudo gynecomastia and [[breast cancer]].
*Laboratory investigations such as blood [[hormone]] levels, [[renal function tests]] and [[liver function tests]] can also be used to diagnose gynecomastia.
*Imaging, such as a [[mammography|mammogram]] or [[ultrasound]] can be helpful in the diagnosis of gynecomastia. A [[Mammogram|diagnostic mammogram]] has a 90 percent [[sensitivity]] and [[specificity]].
*Imaging, such as a [[mammography|mammogram]] or [[ultrasound]] can be helpful in the diagnosis of gynecomastia. A [[Mammogram|diagnostic mammogram]] has a 90 percent [[sensitivity]] and [[specificity]].
*[[Mammogram]] has 100 percent [[sensitivity]] and a high [[negative predictive value]] of detecting malignant breast lesions.<ref name="pmid12636326">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shetty MK, Shah YP, Sharman RS |title=Prospective evaluation of the value of combined mammographic and sonographic assessment in patients with palpable abnormalities of the breast |journal=J Ultrasound Med |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=263–8; quiz 269–70 |year=2003 |pmid=12636326 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*[[Positive predictive value]] of mammogram studies is 55 percent. It is mainly done in gynecomastia, if history and physical examination of patient raise any malignancy suspicions.<ref name="pmid21209041">{{cite journal| author=Carlson HE| title=Approach to the patient with gynecomastia. | journal=J Clin Endocrinol Metab | year= 2011 | volume= 96 | issue= 1 | pages= 15-21 | pmid=21209041 | doi=10.1210/jc.2010-1720 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21209041  }}</ref><ref name="pmid21343518">{{cite journal| author=Robbins J, Jeffries D, Roubidoux M, Helvie M| title=Accuracy of diagnostic mammography and breast ultrasound during pregnancy and lactation. | journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol | year= 2011 | volume= 196 | issue= 3 | pages= 716-22 | pmid=21343518 | doi=10.2214/AJR.09.3662 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21343518  }}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 23:52, 15 November 2017

Gynecomastia Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Gynecomastia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic study of choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Gynecomastia Diagnostic Study of Choice On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Gynecomastia Diagnostic Study of Choice

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Gynecomastia Diagnostic Study of Choice

CDC on Gynecomastia Diagnostic Study of Choice

Gynecomastia Diagnostic Study of Choice in the news

Blogs on Gynecomastia Diagnostic Study of Choice

Directions to Hospitals Treating Gynecomastia

Risk calculators and risk factors for Gynecomastia Diagnostic Study of Choice

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Husnain Shaukat, M.D [2]

Overview

There is no established criteria for the diagnosis of gynecomastia. It is diagnosed clinically after a thorough history and physical examination. A diagnostic mammogram has a 90 percent sensitivity and specificity.

Diagnostic Criteria

References

  1. ↑ Braunstein GD (2007). "Clinical practice. Gynecomastia". N Engl J Med. 357 (12): 1229–37. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp070677. PMID 17881754.
  2. ↑ Giordano SH, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN (2002). "Breast cancer in men". Ann. Intern. Med. 137 (8): 678–87. PMID 12379069.
  3. ↑ Evans GF, Anthony T, Turnage RH, Schumpert TD, Levy KR, Amirkhan RH, Campbell TJ, Lopez J, Appelbaum AH (2001). "The diagnostic accuracy of mammography in the evaluation of male breast disease". Am. J. Surg. 181 (2): 96–100. PMID 11425067.
  4. ↑ Muñoz Carrasco R, Alvarez Benito M, Muñoz Gomariz E, Raya Povedano JL, Martínez Paredes M (2010). "Mammography and ultrasound in the evaluation of male breast disease". Eur Radiol. 20 (12): 2797–805. doi:10.1007/s00330-010-1867-7. PMID 20571799.
  5. ↑ Shetty MK, Shah YP, Sharman RS (2003). "Prospective evaluation of the value of combined mammographic and sonographic assessment in patients with palpable abnormalities of the breast". J Ultrasound Med. 22 (3): 263–8, quiz 269–70. PMID 12636326.
  6. ↑ Carlson HE (2011). "Approach to the patient with gynecomastia". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 96 (1): 15–21. doi:10.1210/jc.2010-1720. PMID 21209041.
  7. ↑ Robbins J, Jeffries D, Roubidoux M, Helvie M (2011). "Accuracy of diagnostic mammography and breast ultrasound during pregnancy and lactation". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 196 (3): 716–22. doi:10.2214/AJR.09.3662. PMID 21343518.

Template:WH Template:WS

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Gynecomastia_Diagnostic_Study_of_Choice&oldid=1389465"