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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common risk factors in the development of toxic adenoma include | Common risk factors in the development of toxic adenoma include [[iodine deficiency]], young adult age, head and neck [[irradiation]], [[family history]] of [[Thyroid nodule|thyroid nodules]], and female gender. | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
Common risk factors in the development of toxic adenoma include | Common [[risk factors]] in the development of toxic adenoma include: | ||
*Iodine deficiency | *[[Iodine deficiency]] | ||
*Young adult age | *Young adult age<ref name="pmid1415299">{{cite journal |vauthors=Belfiore A, La Rosa GL, La Porta GA, Giuffrida D, Milazzo G, Lupo L, Regalbuto C, Vigneri R |title=Cancer risk in patients with cold thyroid nodules: relevance of iodine intake, sex, age, and multinodularity |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=93 |issue=4 |pages=363–9 |year=1992 |pmid=1415299 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid13263417">{{cite journal |vauthors=MORTENSEN JD, WOOLNER LB, BENNETT WA |title=Gross and microscopic findings in clinically normal thyroid glands |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=15 |issue=10 |pages=1270–80 |year=1955 |pmid=13263417 |doi=10.1210/jcem-15-10-1270 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2773619">{{cite journal |vauthors=Belfiore A, Giuffrida D, La Rosa GL, Ippolito O, Russo G, Fiumara A, Vigneri R, Filetti S |title=High frequency of cancer in cold thyroid nodules occurring at young age |journal=Acta Endocrinol. |volume=121 |issue=2 |pages=197–202 |year=1989 |pmid=2773619 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Head and neck irradiation | *Head and neck [[irradiation]]<ref name="pmid3965855">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schneider AB, Shore-Freedman E, Ryo UY, Bekerman C, Favus M, Pinsky S |title=Radiation-induced tumors of the head and neck following childhood irradiation. Prospective studies |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=1–15 |year=1985 |pmid=3965855 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Family history of thyroid nodules | *[[Family history]] of [[Thyroid nodule|thyroid nodules]]<ref name="pmid10030330">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lupoli G, Vitale G, Caraglia M, Fittipaldi MR, Abbruzzese A, Tagliaferri P, Bianco AR |title=Familial papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a new clinical entity |journal=Lancet |volume=353 |issue=9153 |pages=637–9 |year=1999 |pmid=10030330 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(98)08004-0 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1415299">{{cite journal |vauthors=Belfiore A, La Rosa GL, La Porta GA, Giuffrida D, Milazzo G, Lupo L, Regalbuto C, Vigneri R |title=Cancer risk in patients with cold thyroid nodules: relevance of iodine intake, sex, age, and multinodularity |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=93 |issue=4 |pages=363–9 |year=1992 |pmid=1415299 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Female gender | *Female gender | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | |||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of toxic adenoma include iodine deficiency, young adult age, head and neck irradiation, family history of thyroid nodules, and female gender.
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of toxic adenoma include:
- Iodine deficiency
- Young adult age[1][2][3]
- Head and neck irradiation[4]
- Family history of thyroid nodules[5][1]
- Female gender
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Belfiore A, La Rosa GL, La Porta GA, Giuffrida D, Milazzo G, Lupo L, Regalbuto C, Vigneri R (1992). "Cancer risk in patients with cold thyroid nodules: relevance of iodine intake, sex, age, and multinodularity". Am. J. Med. 93 (4): 363–9. PMID 1415299.
- ↑ MORTENSEN JD, WOOLNER LB, BENNETT WA (1955). "Gross and microscopic findings in clinically normal thyroid glands". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 15 (10): 1270–80. doi:10.1210/jcem-15-10-1270. PMID 13263417.
- ↑ Belfiore A, Giuffrida D, La Rosa GL, Ippolito O, Russo G, Fiumara A, Vigneri R, Filetti S (1989). "High frequency of cancer in cold thyroid nodules occurring at young age". Acta Endocrinol. 121 (2): 197–202. PMID 2773619.
- ↑ Schneider AB, Shore-Freedman E, Ryo UY, Bekerman C, Favus M, Pinsky S (1985). "Radiation-induced tumors of the head and neck following childhood irradiation. Prospective studies". Medicine (Baltimore). 64 (1): 1–15. PMID 3965855.
- ↑ Lupoli G, Vitale G, Caraglia M, Fittipaldi MR, Abbruzzese A, Tagliaferri P, Bianco AR (1999). "Familial papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a new clinical entity". Lancet. 353 (9153): 637–9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)08004-0. PMID 10030330.