Infectious disease main page: Difference between revisions
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==Viral classification== | ==Viral classification== | ||
* Genetic material | Viruses can be classified based on different characteristics. The most important ways to categorize viruses are based on: | ||
* Genetic material of virus | |||
** DNA virus | ** DNA virus | ||
** RNA virus | ** RNA virus | ||
| Line 76: | Line 77: | ||
* Positive stranded viruses | * Positive stranded viruses | ||
* Negative stranded viruses | * Negative stranded viruses | ||
{{familytree/start}} | {{familytree/start}} | ||
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== Parasitic classification == | == Parasitic classification == | ||
Parasites mainly can be classified into 3 categories: | |||
* Ectoparasites | |||
* Protozoas | |||
* Worms | |||
Protozoas may involve different body organs, but they can be classified based on the most prominent symptoms and their main organ involvement. | |||
Worm parasites are categorized based on their shapes. They include: | |||
* Nematodes (roundworms) | |||
* Cestodes (tapeworms) | |||
* Trematodes (flukes) | |||
{{familytree/start}} | {{familytree/start}} | ||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | |A01 = Parasites classification }} | {{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | |A01 = Parasites classification }} | ||
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{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | |B01 = Main categories }} | {{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | |B01 = Main categories }} | ||
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| }} | {{familytree | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| }} | ||
{{familytree | A01 | | | | | | | | | C01 | | | | | | | | | | | | C02 | A01 = Ectoparasites | C01 = | {{familytree | A01 | | | | | | | | | C01 | | | | | | | | | | | | C02 | A01 = Ectoparasites | C01 = Protozoas | C02 = Worms }} | ||
{{familytree | A01 | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | |,|-|-|+|-|-|.| A01 = Sarcoptes scabiei <br> Pediculus humanus <br> Phthirus pubis}} | {{familytree | A01 | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | |,|-|-|+|-|-|.| A01 = Sarcoptes scabiei <br> Pediculus humanus <br> Phthirus pubis}} | ||
{{familytree | | | | | | A01 | | A02 | | A03 | | A04 | | B01 | | B02 | | B03 | A01 = gastrointestinal infections | A02 = CNS infections | A03 = hematologic infections | A04 = Visceral infections <br> and <br> Sexual transmitted diseases | B01 = Nematodes (roundworms) |B02 = Cestodes (tapeworms) | B03 = Trematodes (flukes) }} | {{familytree | | | | | | A01 | | A02 | | A03 | | A04 | | B01 | | B02 | | B03 | A01 = gastrointestinal infections | A02 = CNS infections | A03 = hematologic infections | A04 = Visceral infections <br> and <br> Sexual transmitted diseases | B01 = Nematodes (roundworms) |B02 = Cestodes (tapeworms) | B03 = Trematodes (flukes) }} | ||
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stercoralis (threadworm) <br> Ancylostoma duodenale <br> Necator americanus (hookworms) <br> Trichinella spiralis <br> Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) <br> Toxocara canis <br> Onchocerca volvulus <br> Loa loa <br> Wuchereria bancrofti | B02 = Taenia solium <br> Diphyllobothrium latum <br> Echinococcus granulosus | B03 = Schistosoma <br> Clonorchis sinensis }} | stercoralis (threadworm) <br> Ancylostoma duodenale <br> Necator americanus (hookworms) <br> Trichinella spiralis <br> Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) <br> Toxocara canis <br> Onchocerca volvulus <br> Loa loa <br> Wuchereria bancrofti | B02 = Taenia solium <br> Diphyllobothrium latum <br> Echinococcus granulosus | B03 = Schistosoma <br> Clonorchis sinensis }} | ||
{{familytree/end}} | {{familytree/end}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Sources}} | {{WikiDoc Sources}} | ||
[[Category:Needs content]] | |||
Latest revision as of 22:23, 29 July 2020
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahshid Mir, M.D. [2]
Overview
Among the almost infinite varieties of microorganisms, relatively few cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals.[1] Infectious disease results from the interplay between those few pathogens and the defenses of the hosts they infect. The appearance and severity of disease resulting from any pathogen depends upon the ability of that pathogen to damage the host as well as the ability of the host to resist the pathogen. Infectious microorganisms, or microbes, are therefore classified as either primary pathogens or as opportunistic pathogens according to the status of host defenses.
Classification
Infectious disease are caused by pathogenic microorganisms. These disease can be categorized into 4 main categories:
- Bacterial infections
- Viral infecions
- Fungal infections
- Parasitic infections
Bacterial classification
Bacterial infections can be classified based on their cellular features and specificities including:
- Cellular wall thickness: Gram staining mathod
- Gram positive bacteria
- Gram negative bacteria
- Microscopic shape
- Bacillus shaped bacteria
- Branchig shaped bacteria
- Coccus shaped bacteria
- Coma shaped bacteria
- Use an O2-dependent system to generate ATP
- Aerobics
- Anaerobics
- Oxidative damage susceptibility=Catalase enzyme
- Catalase positive bacteria
- Catalase negative bacteria
- Oxidase containing method
- Oxidase positive bacteria
- Oxidase negative bacteria
- Lactose fermenting method
- Lactose fermenting bacteria
- Non-lactose fermenting bacteria
- Coagulase containing method
- Coagulase positive bacteria
- Coagulase negative bacteria
| Bacteria | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gram staining | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gram positive | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aerobic | Anerobic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bacillus shaped bacteria | Branching shaped bacteria | Bacillus shaped bacteria | Coccus shaped bacteria | Branching shaped bacteria | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Listeria Bacillus Corynebacterium | Nocardia | Clostridium Propionibacterium | Staphylococcus Streptococcus | Actinomyces | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gram negative | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Coccus shaped bacteria | Bacillus shaped bacteria | Comma shaped bacteria | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Campylobacter jejuni Vibrio cholerae Helicobacter pylori | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diplococcus shaped gram negative bacteria | Coccobacillus shaped gram negative bacteria | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neisseria gonorrhoaea Neisseia meningtidis Moraxella | Haemophilus influenzae Pasteurella Brucella Bordetella pertussis Francisella tularensis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lactose fermentation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Positive | Negative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Klebsiella Escherichia coli Enterobacter Citrobacter Serratia | Pseudomonas Shigella Salmonella Yersinia Proteus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Viral classification
Viruses can be classified based on different characteristics. The most important ways to categorize viruses are based on:
- Genetic material of virus
- DNA virus
- RNA virus
- Number of genetic copies in the virus
- Single stranded genome
- Double stranded genome
RNA viruses themselves can be categorized based on their ability to use host cell polymerizes or need to bring their own polymerizes with themselves into 2 categories:
- Positive stranded viruses
- Negative stranded viruses
| Virus classification | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Viral genome type | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DNA viruses | RNA viruses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ssDNA | dsDNA | ssRNA | dsRNA | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Parvovirus | Reoviridae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Linear genome | Circular genome | Positive strand | Negative strand | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Herpes virus Adenovirus Poxvirus Parvovirus | Papillomavirus Polyomavirus Hepadnavirus | Picornaviruses Hepevirus Caliciviruses Flaviviruses Togaviruses Retroviruses Coronaviruses Arenaviruses | Arenavirus Bunyavirus Paramyxovirus Orthomyxoviruses Filoviruses Rhabdoviruses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fungal classification
Fungal infections can be classified based on their infectious sites:
- Systemic mycoses
- Cutaneous mycoses
- Opportunistic fungal infections
| Mycology classification | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Main infectious sites and methods | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Systemic mycoses | Cutaneous mycoses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Histoplasma Blastomyces Coccidioidomyces Paracoccidioidomyces | Opportunistic fungal infections | Candida albicans Aspergillus fumigatus Cryptococcus neoformans Mucor spp. Rhizopus spp. Pneumocystis jirovecii Sporothrix schenckii | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tinea dermatophytes | Tinea pityriasis versicolor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tinea capitis Tinea corporis Tinea cruris Tinea pedis Tinea unguium | Malassezia spp. (a Pityrosporum spp.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parasitic classification
Parasites mainly can be classified into 3 categories:
- Ectoparasites
- Protozoas
- Worms
Protozoas may involve different body organs, but they can be classified based on the most prominent symptoms and their main organ involvement. Worm parasites are categorized based on their shapes. They include:
- Nematodes (roundworms)
- Cestodes (tapeworms)
- Trematodes (flukes)
| Parasites classification | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Main categories | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ectoparasites | Protozoas | Worms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sarcoptes scabiei Pediculus humanus Phthirus pubis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| gastrointestinal infections | CNS infections | hematologic infections | Visceral infections and Sexual transmitted diseases | Nematodes (roundworms) | Cestodes (tapeworms) | Trematodes (flukes) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Giardia lamblia Entamoeba histolytica Cryptosporidium | Toxoplasma gondii Naegleria fowleri Trypanosoma brucei | Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium ovale Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium malariae Babesia | Trypanosoma cruzi Leishmania donovani Trichomonas vaginalis | Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm) Ancylostoma duodenale Necator americanus (hookworms) Trichinella spiralis Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) Toxocara canis Onchocerca volvulus Loa loa Wuchereria bancrofti | Taenia solium Diphyllobothrium latum Echinococcus granulosus | Schistosoma Clonorchis sinensis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- ↑ This section incorporatespublic domain materials included in the text: Medical Microbiology Fourth Edition: Chapter 8 (1996) . Baron, Samuel MD. The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.