Celiac disease primary prevention: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Celiac disease}} | {{Celiac disease}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AY}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Effective measures for the primary prevention of celiac disease include [[breastfeeding]], delayed introduction of gluten-including diet, and preventing gastrointestinal [[Infections|(GI) infections]].<ref name="pmid20027009">{{cite journal |vauthors=Selimoğlu MA, Karabiber H |title=Celiac disease: prevention and treatment |journal=J. Clin. Gastroenterol. |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=4–8 |year=2010 |pmid=20027009 |doi=10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181b7ead2 |url=}}</ref> | |||
==Primary Prevention== | |||
Effective measures for the primary prevention of celiac disease include | |||
===Breast feeding=== | |||
Infants who were breastfed for periods less than one month were found to be at four times increased risk of having celiac disease and those who were breastfed for periods less than three months had five times increased risk.<ref name="pmid3981369">{{cite journal |vauthors=Greco L, Mayer M, Grimaldi M, Follo D, De Ritis G, Auricchio S |title=The effect of early feeding on the onset of symptoms in celiac disease |journal=J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=52–5 |year=1985 |pmid=3981369 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
===Increasing breastfeeding duration=== | |||
The mean duration of breastfeeding for infants having celiac disease was shorter compared to those who don’t have the disease.<ref name="pmid12026010">{{cite journal |vauthors=Persson LA, Ivarsson A, Hernell O |title=Breast-feeding protects against celiac disease in childhood--epidemiological evidence |journal=Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. |volume=503 |issue= |pages=115–23 |year=2002 |pmid=12026010 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
===Exclusive breastfeeding for at least six months=== | |||
Six months of exclusive breastfeeding were associated with delayed onset of symptoms of celiac disease and improved outcome of the disease.<ref name="pmid16287899">{{cite journal |vauthors=Akobeng AK, Ramanan AV, Buchan I, Heller RF |title=Effect of breast feeding on risk of coeliac disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies |journal=Arch. Dis. Child. |volume=91 |issue=1 |pages=39–43 |year=2006 |pmid=16287899 |pmc=2083075 |doi=10.1136/adc.2005.082016 |url=}}</ref> | |||
[ | ===Continued breastfeeding at the time of introduction of gluten=== | ||
Continued breastfeeding decreases the amount of [[gluten]] delivered to the [[intestine]] and protects against [[GI|GI infections]] (which are believed to increase the risk of disease).<ref name="pmid12026010">{{cite journal |vauthors=Persson LA, Ivarsson A, Hernell O |title=Breast-feeding protects against celiac disease in childhood--epidemiological evidence |journal=Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. |volume=503 |issue= |pages=115–23 |year=2002 |pmid=12026010 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
== | ===Delayed and decreased amount of gluten at the time of first introduction=== | ||
Following these measures is believed to decrease the [[incidence]] of new cases in Sweden.<ref name="pmid3981369">{{cite journal |vauthors=Greco L, Mayer M, Grimaldi M, Follo D, De Ritis G, Auricchio S |title=The effect of early feeding on the onset of symptoms in celiac disease |journal=J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=52–5 |year=1985 |pmid=3981369 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3389134">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mäki M, Kallonen K, Lähdeaho ML, Visakorpi JK |title=Changing pattern of childhood coeliac disease in Finland |journal=Acta Paediatr Scand |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=408–12 |year=1988 |pmid=3389134 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7910367">{{cite journal |vauthors=Juto P, Meeuwisse G, Mincheva-Nilsson L |title=Why has coeliac disease increased in Swedish children? |journal=Lancet |volume=343 |issue=8909 |pages=1372 |year=1994 |pmid=7910367 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9505150">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mitt K, Uibo O |title=Low cereal intake in Estonian infants: the possible explanation for the low frequency of coeliac disease in Estonia |journal=Eur J Clin Nutr |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=85–8 |year=1998 |pmid=9505150 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
===Protection against GI infections=== | |||
GI infections are believed to increase the [[permeability]] of the GI mucosa which allows for penetration of [[antigens]]. Also, some hypotheses suggest the disease might be [[viral]] in origin (namely [[rotavirus]]) | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Latest revision as of 14:42, 13 September 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [2]
Overview
Effective measures for the primary prevention of celiac disease include breastfeeding, delayed introduction of gluten-including diet, and preventing gastrointestinal (GI) infections.[1]
Primary Prevention
Effective measures for the primary prevention of celiac disease include
Breast feeding
Infants who were breastfed for periods less than one month were found to be at four times increased risk of having celiac disease and those who were breastfed for periods less than three months had five times increased risk.[2]
Increasing breastfeeding duration
The mean duration of breastfeeding for infants having celiac disease was shorter compared to those who don’t have the disease.[3]
Exclusive breastfeeding for at least six months
Six months of exclusive breastfeeding were associated with delayed onset of symptoms of celiac disease and improved outcome of the disease.[4]
Continued breastfeeding at the time of introduction of gluten
Continued breastfeeding decreases the amount of gluten delivered to the intestine and protects against GI infections (which are believed to increase the risk of disease).[3]
Delayed and decreased amount of gluten at the time of first introduction
Following these measures is believed to decrease the incidence of new cases in Sweden.[2][5][6][7]
Protection against GI infections
GI infections are believed to increase the permeability of the GI mucosa which allows for penetration of antigens. Also, some hypotheses suggest the disease might be viral in origin (namely rotavirus)
References
- ↑ Selimoğlu MA, Karabiber H (2010). "Celiac disease: prevention and treatment". J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 44 (1): 4–8. doi:10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181b7ead2. PMID 20027009.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Greco L, Mayer M, Grimaldi M, Follo D, De Ritis G, Auricchio S (1985). "The effect of early feeding on the onset of symptoms in celiac disease". J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 4 (1): 52–5. PMID 3981369.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Persson LA, Ivarsson A, Hernell O (2002). "Breast-feeding protects against celiac disease in childhood--epidemiological evidence". Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 503: 115–23. PMID 12026010.
- ↑ Akobeng AK, Ramanan AV, Buchan I, Heller RF (2006). "Effect of breast feeding on risk of coeliac disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies". Arch. Dis. Child. 91 (1): 39–43. doi:10.1136/adc.2005.082016. PMC 2083075. PMID 16287899.
- ↑ Mäki M, Kallonen K, Lähdeaho ML, Visakorpi JK (1988). "Changing pattern of childhood coeliac disease in Finland". Acta Paediatr Scand. 77 (3): 408–12. PMID 3389134.
- ↑ Juto P, Meeuwisse G, Mincheva-Nilsson L (1994). "Why has coeliac disease increased in Swedish children?". Lancet. 343 (8909): 1372. PMID 7910367.
- ↑ Mitt K, Uibo O (1998). "Low cereal intake in Estonian infants: the possible explanation for the low frequency of coeliac disease in Estonia". Eur J Clin Nutr. 52 (2): 85–8. PMID 9505150.