HIV coinfection with tuberculosis screening: Difference between revisions
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====Importance of Screening==== | ====Importance of Screening==== | ||
*HIV infection is | *[[HIV AIDS|HIV infection]] is considered a common critical [[risk factor]] for progression from latent [[Tuberculosis|TB]] infection to active [[Tuberculosis|TB]] disease. | ||
*Progression to TB disease is often rapid among HIV-infected persons and can be fatal. | *Progression to [[Tuberculosis|TB]] disease is often rapid among [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]]-infected persons and can be [[fatal]]. | ||
* | *Rapid progressive expansion of [[Tuberculosis|TB]] [[Outbreak|outbreaks]] can occur in [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]]-infected patient groups. | ||
* | *Because many individuals do not perceive themselves to be at risk for [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]] or do not disclose their risks, the targeted [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]] testing based on [[physician]] [[Assessment and Plan|assessment]] of patient [[Risk-benefit analysis|risk]] behaviors fails to detect a large number of individuals who have [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]] infection. | ||
*Routine HIV testing | *Routine [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]] testing may decrease the stigma linked to [[testing]]. | ||
* | *With early [[diagnosis]] of [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]], appropriately timed [[interventions]] can slow the [[disease]] [[progression]], reduce the [[mortality rate]], and improve the [[outcome]] and [[quality of life]]. | ||
*Identifying TB patients, suspects, and contacts who are HIV infected allows for optimal TB testing of these groups and provides opportunities to prevent TB in those without disease. | *Identifying [[Tuberculosis|TB]] patients, suspects, and [[contacts]] who are [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]] infected allows for optimal [[Tuberculosis|TB]] testing of these groups and provides opportunities to prevent [[Tuberculosis|TB]] in those without [[disease]]. | ||
====Recommendations==== | ====Recommendations==== | ||
*CDC | *According to [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]], [[HIV AIDS screening|HIV screening]] is recommended for all [[Tuberculosis|TB]] patients after the patient is notified that [[testing]] will be done, unless the patient declines (i.e., opt-out screening). | ||
*Routine HIV testing is also recommended for persons suspected of having TB disease and contacts to TB patients. | *Routine HIV testing is also recommended for persons suspected of having [[Tuberculosis|TB]] disease and contacts to TB patients. | ||
* | *Individuals who are at high risk for [[AIDS|HIV infection]] should perform at least annual [[HIV AIDS screening|HIV screening]]. | ||
*Prevention counseling and separate written consent for HIV testing | *[[Prevention (medical)|Prevention]] [[counseling]] and separate [[written consent]] for [[HIV testing]] are no longer be necessary. | ||
====What is Opt-Out Screening?==== | ====What is Opt-Out Screening?==== | ||
Opt-out screening | [[Opt-out screening]] refers to [[HIV test|HIV testing]] after patient [[notification]] that the test will be done, and although the patient may decline or defer [[testing]], it is highly recommended. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 06:18, 25 March 2021
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HIV coinfection with tuberculosis Microchapters |
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Differentiating HIV coinfection with tuberculosis from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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HIV coinfection with tuberculosis screening On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of HIV coinfection with tuberculosis screening |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating HIV coinfection with tuberculosis |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for HIV coinfection with tuberculosis screening |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Screening
Importance of Screening
- HIV infection is considered a common critical risk factor for progression from latent TB infection to active TB disease.
- Progression to TB disease is often rapid among HIV-infected persons and can be fatal.
- Rapid progressive expansion of TB outbreaks can occur in HIV-infected patient groups.
- Because many individuals do not perceive themselves to be at risk for HIV or do not disclose their risks, the targeted HIV testing based on physician assessment of patient risk behaviors fails to detect a large number of individuals who have HIV infection.
- Routine HIV testing may decrease the stigma linked to testing.
- With early diagnosis of HIV, appropriately timed interventions can slow the disease progression, reduce the mortality rate, and improve the outcome and quality of life.
- Identifying TB patients, suspects, and contacts who are HIV infected allows for optimal TB testing of these groups and provides opportunities to prevent TB in those without disease.
Recommendations
- According to CDC, HIV screening is recommended for all TB patients after the patient is notified that testing will be done, unless the patient declines (i.e., opt-out screening).
- Routine HIV testing is also recommended for persons suspected of having TB disease and contacts to TB patients.
- Individuals who are at high risk for HIV infection should perform at least annual HIV screening.
- Prevention counseling and separate written consent for HIV testing are no longer be necessary.
What is Opt-Out Screening?
Opt-out screening refers to HIV testing after patient notification that the test will be done, and although the patient may decline or defer testing, it is highly recommended.