De Quervain's thyroiditis from other diseases: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{De Quervain's thyroiditis }}
[[Image:Home_logo1.png|right|250px|link=https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/De_Quervain%27s_thyroiditis]]
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{MMF}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{MMF}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
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==Differentiating De Quervain's thyroiditis from other diseases==
==Differentiating De Quervain's thyroiditis from other diseases==
*[[De Quervain's thyroiditis]] must be differentiated from other causes of [[thyroiditis]], such as [[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]], [[Riedel's thyroiditis]], and suppurative thyroiditis.<ref name="urlThyroiditis — NEJM">{{cite web |url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra021194 |title=Thyroiditis — NEJM |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*[[De Quervain's thyroiditis]] must be differentiated from other causes of [[thyroiditis]], such as [[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]], [[Riedel's thyroiditis]], and suppurative [[thyroiditis]].<ref name="urlThyroiditis — NEJM">{{cite web |url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra021194 |title=Thyroiditis — NEJM |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
{| align="center"
{| align="center"
|-
|-
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{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" | Conditions
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Conditions
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Causes
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Causes
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Age at onset
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Age at onset
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*[[Granulomas]]
*[[Granulomas]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Thyroid function tests|Increased TSH]] (hypothyroidism) and/or
*[[Thyroid function tests|Increased TSH]] ([[hypothyroidism]]) and/or
* [[Thyroid function tests|Decreased TSH]] (Thyrotoxicosis)
* [[Thyroid function tests|Decreased TSH]] ([[Hyperthyroidism|Thyrotoxicosis]])
*[[Thyroid peroxidase|TPO antibodies]] absent or very low titer
*[[Thyroid peroxidase|TPO antibodies]] absent or very low titer
*[[I-123 thyroid imaging|I-123]] uptake decreased
*[[I-123 thyroid imaging|I-123]] uptake decreased
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*[[Lymphocytic]] infiltration
*[[Lymphocytic]] infiltration
*[[Germinal centers]]
*[[Germinal centers]]
*Fibrosis (in some variants)
*[[Fibrosis]] (in some variants)
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Thyroid function tests|Increased TSH]] (hypothyroidism)
*[[Thyroid function tests|Increased TSH]] ([[hypothyroidism]])
*[[Thyroid peroxidase|TPO antibodies]] present in high titer
*[[Thyroid peroxidase|TPO antibodies]] present in high titer
*[[I-123 thyroid imaging|I-123]] uptake usually decreased
*[[I-123 thyroid imaging|I-123]] uptake usually decreased
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*All ages, peak at 30-40
*All ages, peak at 30-40
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Lymphocytic infiltration
*[[Lymphocytic]] infiltration
*Lymphoid follicles
*Lymphoid follicles
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Thyroid function tests|Increased TSH]] (hypothyroidism) and/or
*[[Thyroid function tests|Increased TSH]] ([[hypothyroidism]]) and/or
* [[Thyroid function tests|Decreased TSH]] (transient hypothyroidism)
* [[Thyroid function tests|Decreased TSH]] (transient [[hypothyroidism]])
*[[Thyroid peroxidase|TPO antibodies]] present in high titer
*[[Thyroid peroxidase|TPO antibodies]] present in high titer
*[[I-123 thyroid imaging|I-123]] uptake usually decreased
*[[I-123 thyroid imaging|I-123]] uptake usually decreased
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*[[Lymphocyte|Lymphocytic]] infiltration
*[[Lymphocyte|Lymphocytic]] infiltration
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Thyroid function tests|Increased TSH]] (hypothyroidism) and/or
*[[Thyroid function tests|Increased TSH]] ([[hypothyroidism]]) and/or
* [[Thyroid function tests|Decreased TSH]] (transient hypothyroidism)
* [[Thyroid function tests|Decreased TSH]] (transient [[hypothyroidism]])
*[[Thyroid peroxidase|TPO antibodies]] present in high titer
*[[Thyroid peroxidase|TPO antibodies]] present in high titer
*[[I-123 thyroid imaging|I-123]] uptake usually decreased
*[[I-123 thyroid imaging|I-123]] uptake usually decreased
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*[[I-123 thyroid imaging|I-123]] uptake decreased or normal  
*[[I-123 thyroid imaging|I-123]] uptake decreased or normal  
|-
|-
| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Suppurative thyroiditis]] (Infectious Thyroiditis)
| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Suppurative [[thyroiditis]] (Infectious Thyroiditis)
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
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*Infection
*Infection
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! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |Additional findings
! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |Additional findings
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> Fever
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> Fever
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> Pain  
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> Pain  
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> TSH  
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> TSH
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> Free T4  
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> Free T4
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> T3  
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> T3
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> T3RU<small>†
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> T3RU<small>†
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> Thyroglobin  
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> Thyroglobin
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> TRH  
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> TRH
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> TPOAb^  
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> TPOAb^  
|-
|-
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| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Thyroidectomy]]
| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Thyroidectomy]]
|-
|-
| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Subclinical hypothyroidism
| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Subclinical [[hypothyroidism]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
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* Asymptomatic
* Asymptomatic
|}
|}
<br style="clear:left" />''(†)T3RU; Triiodothyronine Resin uptake. (^)TPOAb; [[Thyroid peroxidase]] antibodies. (*)[[TSH]] may be decreased transiently in the [[thyrotoxicosis]]. (**)TPOAb may be present in drug-induced [[Hypothyroidism|hypo]]/[[hyperthyroidism]] such as [[Interferon-alpha]], [[Interleukin 2|interleukin-2]], and [[lithium]].''
<br style="clear:left" />''(†)T3RU; Triiodothyronine Resin uptake. (^)[[TPO]]Ab; [[Thyroid peroxidase]] antibodies. (*)[[TSH]] may be decreased transiently in the [[thyrotoxicosis]]. (**)[[TPO]]Ab may be present in drug-induced [[Hypothyroidism|hypo]]/[[hyperthyroidism]] such as [[Interferon-alpha]], [[Interleukin 2|interleukin-2]], and [[lithium]].''


===Differentiating de Quervain's thyroiditis from other causes of thyrotoxicosis===
===Differentiating de Quervain's thyroiditis from other causes of thyrotoxicosis===
*De Quervain's thyroiditis can initially present with thyrotoxicosis which must be differentiated from other causes of thyrotoxicosis.<ref name="pmid16734054">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bindra A, Braunstein GD |title=Thyroiditis |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=73 |issue=10 |pages=1769–76 |year=2006 |pmid=16734054 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19949140">{{cite journal |vauthors=McDermott MT |title=In the clinic. Hypothyroidism |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=151 |issue=11 |pages=ITC61 |year=2009 |pmid=19949140 |doi=10.7326/0003-4819-151-11-200912010-01006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlThyroiditis — NEJM">{{cite web |url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra021194 |title=Thyroiditis — NEJM |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18177256">{{cite journal |vauthors=Aoki Y, Belin RM, Clickner R, Jeffries R, Phillips L, Mahaffey KR |title=Serum TSH and total T4 in the United States population and their association with participant characteristics: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2002) |journal=Thyroid |volume=17 |issue=12 |pages=1211–23 |year=2007 |pmid=18177256 |doi=10.1089/thy.2006.0235 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18415684">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lania A, Persani L, Beck-Peccoz P |title=Central hypothyroidism |journal=Pituitary |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=181–6 |year=2008 |pmid=18415684 |doi=10.1007/s11102-008-0122-6 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25905413">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Feingold KR, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, New M, Purnell J, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, Stockigt J |title=Clinical Strategies in the Testing of Thyroid Function |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=25905413 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlClinical Finding and Thyroid Function in Women with Struma Ovarii">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindawi.com/archive/2013/717584/ |title=Clinical Finding and Thyroid Function in Women with Struma Ovarii |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25146390">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vaidya B, Pearce SH |title=Diagnosis and management of thyrotoxicosis |journal=BMJ |volume=349 |issue= |pages=g5128 |year=2014 |pmid=25146390 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlThink thyrotoxicosis factitia - measure thyroglobulin | The BMJ">{{cite web |url=http://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g5128/rr/763450 |title=Think thyrotoxicosis factitia - measure thyroglobulin &#124; The BMJ |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*De Quervain's thyroiditis can initially present with [[thyrotoxicosis]] which must be differentiated from other causes of [[thyrotoxicosis]].<ref name="pmid16734054">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bindra A, Braunstein GD |title=Thyroiditis |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=73 |issue=10 |pages=1769–76 |year=2006 |pmid=16734054 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19949140">{{cite journal |vauthors=McDermott MT |title=In the clinic. Hypothyroidism |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=151 |issue=11 |pages=ITC61 |year=2009 |pmid=19949140 |doi=10.7326/0003-4819-151-11-200912010-01006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlThyroiditis — NEJM">{{cite web |url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra021194 |title=Thyroiditis — NEJM |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18177256">{{cite journal |vauthors=Aoki Y, Belin RM, Clickner R, Jeffries R, Phillips L, Mahaffey KR |title=Serum TSH and total T4 in the United States population and their association with participant characteristics: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2002) |journal=Thyroid |volume=17 |issue=12 |pages=1211–23 |year=2007 |pmid=18177256 |doi=10.1089/thy.2006.0235 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18415684">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lania A, Persani L, Beck-Peccoz P |title=Central hypothyroidism |journal=Pituitary |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=181–6 |year=2008 |pmid=18415684 |doi=10.1007/s11102-008-0122-6 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25905413">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Feingold KR, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, New M, Purnell J, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, Stockigt J |title=Clinical Strategies in the Testing of Thyroid Function |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=25905413 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlClinical Finding and Thyroid Function in Women with Struma Ovarii">{{cite web |url=https://www.hindawi.com/archive/2013/717584/ |title=Clinical Finding and Thyroid Function in Women with Struma Ovarii |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25146390">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vaidya B, Pearce SH |title=Diagnosis and management of thyrotoxicosis |journal=BMJ |volume=349 |issue= |pages=g5128 |year=2014 |pmid=25146390 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlThink thyrotoxicosis factitia - measure thyroglobulin | The BMJ">{{cite web |url=http://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g5128/rr/763450 |title=Think thyrotoxicosis factitia - measure thyroglobulin &#124; The BMJ |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="border: 0px; margin: 3px;"
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style="border: 0px; margin: 3px;"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |Disease
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |Disease
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! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |Additional findings
! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |Additional findings
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> Fever
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> Fever
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> Pain  
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> Pain
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> TSH  
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> TSH
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> Free T4  
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> Free T4
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> T3  
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> T3  
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> T3RU<small>†
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> T3RU<small>†
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> Thyroglobin  
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> Thyroglobin
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> TRH  
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> TRH
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> TSH Receptor Antibody
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> TSH Receptor Antibody
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> TPOAb^
! align="center" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; " |<small> TPOAb^
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| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent
| align="left" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| align="left" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*High urinary iodine
*High urinary [[iodine]]
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Others
| rowspan="3" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Others
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| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absent
| align="left" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| align="left" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*Decreased thyroglobulin
*Decreased [[thyroglobulin]]
|-
|-
| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Trophoblastic disease]]
| align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Trophoblastic disease]]
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|-
|-
|}
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<small>''(†)T3RU; Triiodothyronine Resin uptake. (^)TPOAb; [[Thyroid peroxidase]] antibodies.''</small>
<small>''(†)[[T3]]RU; Triiodothyronine Resin uptake. (^)[[TPO]]Ab; [[Thyroid peroxidase]] antibodies.''</small>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
​
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]

Latest revision as of 21:14, 29 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Furqan M M. M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

De Quervain's thyroiditis must be differentiated from other causes of thyroiditis, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Riedel's thyroiditis, and suppurative thyroiditis. De Quervain's thyroiditis must be differentiated from other causes of thyroiditis, such as De Quervain's thyroiditis, Riedel's thyroiditis, and suppurative thyroiditis. De Quervain's thyroiditis must also be differentiated from other diseases which cause hypothyroidism. As de Quervain's thyroiditis may cause transient thyrotoxic symptoms, the diseases causing thyrotoxicosis must also be considered in the differential diagnosis.

Differentiating De Quervain's thyroiditis from other diseases

Conditions Causes Age at onset Pathological findings Diagnostic approach
Painful subacute (De Quervain's) thyroiditis
  • Unknown
  • 20-60
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
  • Autoimmune
  • All ages, peak at 30-50
Silent thyroiditis
  • Autoimmune
  • All ages, peak at 30-40
Postpartum thyroiditis
  • Autoimmune
  • Childbearing age
Riedel's thyroiditis
  • Unknown
  • 30-60
Suppurative thyroiditis (Infectious Thyroiditis)
  • Infection
  • Children, 20-40
  • De Quervain's thyroiditis must be differentiated from other causes of hypothyroidism on the basis of history and symptoms and laboratory findings:[2][3][1][4][5][6]
Disease History and symptoms Laboratory findings Additional findings
Fever Pain TSH Free T4 T3 T3RU† Thyroglobin TRH TPOAb^
Transient hypothyroidism Subacute (de Quervain's) thyroiditis +/- +/- ↑/↓ ↓/↑ Normal ↓ ↑ Normal Low/absent
Postpartum thyroiditis +/- +/- ↑/↓ ↓/↑ Normal ↓ ↑ Normal/↑ Present (high titer)
Silent thyroiditis - - ↑/↓ ↓/↑ Normal ↓ ↑ Normal Present (high titer)
Primary hypothyroidism Autoimmune (Hashimoto's thyroiditis) - - ↑* ↓ Normal/↓ Normal/↓ Normal/↑ Normal Present (high titer)
Riedel's thyroiditis - - Normal/↑ Normal/↓ Normal/↓ Normal/↓ Normal Normal Usually present
Suppurative thyroiditis (Infectious Thyroiditis) + + Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Absent
Others Drug-induced - - ↑/↓ ↓/↑ Normal ↓ Normal/↑ Normal Absent**
  • History of hyperthyroidism
  • History of trauma
  • History of drug use, surgery, or radiation
Radiation-induced
Trauma induced
Radioiodine induced
Thyroidectomy
Subclinical hypothyroidism - - ↑ Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal/↑
  • Asymptomatic


(†)T3RU; Triiodothyronine Resin uptake. (^)TPOAb; Thyroid peroxidase antibodies. (*)TSH may be decreased transiently in the thyrotoxicosis. (**)TPOAb may be present in drug-induced hypo/hyperthyroidism such as Interferon-alpha, interleukin-2, and lithium.

Differentiating de Quervain's thyroiditis from other causes of thyrotoxicosis

Disease History and symptoms Laboratory findings Additional findings
Fever Pain TSH Free T4 T3 T3RU† Thyroglobin TRH TSH Receptor Antibody TPOAb^
Thyroiditis Subacute (de Quervain's) thyroiditis +/- +/- ↑/↓ ↓/↑ Normal ↓ ↑ Normal Absent Low/absent
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (Hashitoxicosis) - - ↑* ↓ Normal/↓ Normal/↓ Normal/↑ Normal Absent Present (high titer)
Postpartum thyroiditis +/- +/- ↑/↓ ↓/↑ Normal ↓ ↑ Normal/↑ Absent Present (high titer)
Silent thyroiditis - - ↑/↓ ↓/↑ Normal ↓ ↑ Normal Absent Present (high titer)
Primary hyperthyroidism Grave's disease - - ↓ ↑ Normal/↑ ↑ ↑ Normal Present Absent
  • Patient may have opthalmopathy and dermopathy
Toxic thyroid nodule - - ↓ ↑ Normal/↑ ↑(hot nodule) Normal/↑ Normal Absent Absent

-

Secondary hyperthyroidism Pituitary adenoma - - ↑ ↑ Normal/↑ ↑ Normal/↑ Normal Absent Absent
  • Inappropriately normal or increased TSH
Tertiary hyperthyroidism Tertiary hyperthyroidism - - ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ Normal/↑ ↑ Absent Absent
  • Inappropriately normal or increased TSH
Drug induced Amiodarone type 1 - - ↓ ↑ Normal/↑ ↓ Normal/↑ Normal Absent Absent
  • High urinary iodine
Amiodarone type 2 - - ↓ ↑ Normal/↑ Absent/↓ Normal/↑ Normal Absent Absent
Others Factitious thyrotoxicosis - - ↓ ↑ Normal/↑ ↓ ↓ Normal Absent Absent
Trophoblastic disease - - ↓ ↑ Normal/↑ ↑ - Normal Absent Absent

-

Struma ovarii - - ↓ ↑ Normal/↑ ↓ - Normal Absent Absent

-

(†)T3RU; Triiodothyronine Resin uptake. (^)TPOAb; Thyroid peroxidase antibodies.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Thyroiditis — NEJM".
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bindra A, Braunstein GD (2006). "Thyroiditis". Am Fam Physician. 73 (10): 1769–76. PMID 16734054.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 McDermott MT (2009). "In the clinic. Hypothyroidism". Ann. Intern. Med. 151 (11): ITC61. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-11-200912010-01006. PMID 19949140.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Aoki Y, Belin RM, Clickner R, Jeffries R, Phillips L, Mahaffey KR (2007). "Serum TSH and total T4 in the United States population and their association with participant characteristics: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2002)". Thyroid. 17 (12): 1211–23. doi:10.1089/thy.2006.0235. PMID 18177256.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lania A, Persani L, Beck-Peccoz P (2008). "Central hypothyroidism". Pituitary. 11 (2): 181–6. doi:10.1007/s11102-008-0122-6. PMID 18415684.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Feingold KR, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, New M, Purnell J, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, Stockigt J. "Clinical Strategies in the Testing of Thyroid Function". PMID 25905413.
  7. ↑ "Clinical Finding and Thyroid Function in Women with Struma Ovarii".
  8. ↑ Vaidya B, Pearce SH (2014). "Diagnosis and management of thyrotoxicosis". BMJ. 349: g5128. PMID 25146390.
  9. ↑ "Think thyrotoxicosis factitia - measure thyroglobulin | The BMJ".

​

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