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==Historical Perspective==
====Classification Gastritis==
{| class="wikitable"
!colspan="2" | Gastritis
!Etiology
!Gasstritis synonyms
|-
|colspan="2" | Non-atrophic
|
*Helicobacter pylori
*Other factors
|
Superficial
Diffuse antral gastritis (DAG)
Chronic antral gastritis (CAG)
Interstitial - follicular
Hypersecretory
Type B*
|-
|rowspan="4" |Atrophic
|Autoimmune
|
*Autoimmunity
|
Type A*
Diffuse corporal
Pernicious anemia-associated
|-
|rowspan="3"|Multifocal atrophic
|Helicobacter pylori
|Type B*, type AB*
|-
|Dietary
|Environmental
|-
|Environmental factors
|Metaplastic
|-
|rowspan="7"| Special form
|rowspan="4"| Chemical
|Chemical irritation
|Reactive
|-
|
*Bile
|
*Reflux
|-
|
*NSAIDs
|
*NSAID
|-
|
*Other agents
|
*Type C*
|-
|Radiation
|Radiation injury
|
|}


===Discovery===
==Risk assessment table==
*In 1869, Paul Langerhans first described pancreatic [[Islet cell|islet cells]], when he was still a medical student.  
{|
*In 1902, Nicholls discovered the first adenoma of [[pancreatic islets]].<ref name="pmid20187464">{{cite journal| author=Stamatakos M, Safioleas C, Tsaknaki S, Safioleas P, Iannescu R, Safioleas M| title=Insulinoma: a rare neuroendocrine pancreatic tumor. | journal=Chirurgia (Bucur) | year= 2009 | volume= 104 | issue= 6 | pages= 669-73 | pmid=20187464 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20187464 }} </ref>
! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Scoring criteria for risk assessment*
*In 1922, Frederick Banting and Charles Best were the first to discover insulin from a dog’s [[pancreas]].  
|-
*In 1926, Wilder-et-al associated [[hyperinsulinism]] and functional islet tumor after a surgery on a person who had [[hypoglycemia]] and found an [[Islet cell carcinoma|islet cell cancer]] with [[liver]] metastasis.<ref name="WilderAllan1927">{{cite journal|last1=Wilder|first1=Russell M.|last2=Allan|first2=Frank N.|last3=Power|first3=M. H.|last4=Robertson|first4=H. E.|title=CARCINOMA OF THE ISLANDS OF THE PANCREAS|journal=Journal of the American Medical Association|volume=89|issue=5|year=1927|pages=348|issn=0002-9955|doi=10.1001/jama.1927.02690050014007}}</ref>
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Scoring system
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Score
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Risk
|-
| rowspan="14" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''IMPROVEDD Score'''<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1055/s-0037-160392910.1055/s-0037-1603929}}</ref>
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Predicted % VTE risk through 42 days
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |0
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |0.4%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |1
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |0.6%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |2
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |0.8%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |3
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |1.2%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |4
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |1.6%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |5-10
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2.2%
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Predicted % VTE risk through 77 days
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |0
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |0.5%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |1
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |0.7%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |2
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |1.0%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |3
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |1.4%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |4
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |1.9%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |5-10
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |2.75
|-
| rowspan="7" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''IMPROVE score'''<ref name="pmid21436241">{{cite journal| author=Spyropoulos AC, Anderson FA, Fitzgerald G, Decousus H, Pini M, Chong BH et al.| title=Predictive and associative models to identify hospitalized medical patients at risk for VTE. | journal=Chest | year= 2011 | volume= 140 | issue= 3 | pages= 706-14 | pmid=21436241 | doi=10.1378/chest.10-1944 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21436241 }} </ref>
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Predicted % VTE risk through 3 months
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |0
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |0.5%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |1
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |1.0%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |2
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |1.7%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |3
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |3.1%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |4
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |4%
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |5-8
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |11%
|-
| rowspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | '''Padua Score'''<ref name="pmid20738765">{{cite journal| author=Barbar S, Noventa F, Rossetto V, Ferrari A, Brandolin B, Perlati M et al.| title=A risk assessment model for the identification of hospitalized medical patients at risk for venous thromboembolism: the Padua Prediction Score. | journal=J Thromb Haemost | year= 2010 | volume= 8 | issue= 11 | pages= 2450-7 | pmid=20738765 | doi=10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04044.x | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20738765  }} </ref>
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |< 4
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Low risk for VTE
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |≥ 4
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |High risk for VTE
|-
| rowspan="4" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''Caprini score'''<ref name="pmid1754886">{{cite journal| author=Caprini JA, Arcelus JI, Hasty JH, Tamhane AC, Fabrega F| title=Clinical assessment of venous thromboembolic risk in surgical patients. | journal=Semin Thromb Hemost | year= 1991 | volume= 17 Suppl 3 | issue= | pages= 304-12 | pmid=1754886 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1754886  }} </ref>
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |0-1
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Low risk of VTE
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |2
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Moderate of VTE
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |3-4
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |High risk of VTE
|-
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |≥ 5
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |Highest risk for VTE
|}


*In 1927, William J Mayo was the first to discover the association between [[hyperinsulinism]] and a functional [[Pancreatic islet cell tumors|pancreatic islet cell tumor]]. In 1927 the insulinoma was first described in Mayo clinic which was dissected in 1929 in Toronto.<ref name="pmid20187464">{{cite journal| author=Stamatakos M, Safioleas C, Tsaknaki S, Safioleas P, Iannescu R, Safioleas M| title=Insulinoma: a rare neuroendocrine pancreatic tumor. | journal=Chirurgia (Bucur) | year= 2009 | volume= 104 | issue= 6 | pages= 669-73 | pmid=20187464 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20187464  }} </ref>
==Images ILD==
<gallery widths=200px>


*In 1929, the first surgical cure was performed by Roscoe Graham.<ref name="pmid17856569">{{cite journal |vauthors=Whipple AO, Frantz VK |title=ADENOMA OF ISLET CELLS WITH HYPERINSULINISM: A REVIEW |journal=Ann. Surg. |volume=101 |issue=6 |pages=1299–335 |year=1935 |pmid=17856569 |pmc=1390871 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
F2.large.jpg | Cellular Players and Molecules in IPF <br> [http://err.ersjournals.com/content/24/135/102.full<font size="-2">''Adapted from European Respiratory Review''</font>]


* In 1935, Whipple suggested a [[diagnostic criteria|diagnostic criterion]] for the diagnosis of [[insulinoma]] called as [[Whipple's triad]]. <ref name="pmid17856569">{{cite journal |vauthors=Whipple AO, Frantz VK |title=ADENOMA OF ISLET CELLS WITH HYPERINSULINISM: A REVIEW |journal=Ann. Surg. |volume=101 |issue=6 |pages=1299–335 |year=1935 |pmid=17856569 |pmc=1390871 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
</gallery>
<gallery widths=200px>
 
1-s2.0-S0272523112000044-gr6.jpg | Flow Chart for Lung Fibrosis Evaluation in ILD <br> [http://http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272523112000044/ <font size="-2">''Adapted from Clinics in Chest Medicine''</font>]
 
</gallery>
 
==Widget==
 
 
<div class="nomobile">
<div style="position:right; width:50%; float:right; background-color:#d0d0d0; border-radius: 10px;"><span style="position:right; float:right; width: 100%;"><center>'''Tweets by NEJM!'''<hr>{{#Widget:NEJM}}</center>
</span></div>
</div>
 
<br style="clear:right" />


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 16:03, 16 May 2018

==Classification Gastritis

Gastritis Etiology Gasstritis synonyms
Non-atrophic
  • Helicobacter pylori
  • Other factors

Superficial Diffuse antral gastritis (DAG) Chronic antral gastritis (CAG) Interstitial - follicular Hypersecretory Type B*

Atrophic Autoimmune
  • Autoimmunity

Type A* Diffuse corporal Pernicious anemia-associated

Multifocal atrophic Helicobacter pylori Type B*, type AB*
Dietary Environmental
Environmental factors Metaplastic
Special form Chemical Chemical irritation Reactive
  • Bile
  • Reflux
  • NSAIDs
  • NSAID
  • Other agents
  • Type C*
Radiation Radiation injury

Risk assessment table

Scoring criteria for risk assessment*
Scoring system Score Risk
IMPROVEDD Score[1] Predicted % VTE risk through 42 days
0 0.4%
1 0.6%
2 0.8%
3 1.2%
4 1.6%
5-10 2.2%
Predicted % VTE risk through 77 days
0 0.5%
1 0.7%
2 1.0%
3 1.4%
4 1.9%
5-10 2.75
IMPROVE score[2] Predicted % VTE risk through 3 months
0 0.5%
1 1.0%
2 1.7%
3 3.1%
4 4%
5-8 11%
Padua Score[3] < 4 Low risk for VTE
≥ 4 High risk for VTE
Caprini score[4] 0-1 Low risk of VTE
2 Moderate of VTE
3-4 High risk of VTE
≥ 5 Highest risk for VTE

Images ILD

Widget

Tweets by NEJM!


References

  1. ↑ . doi:10.1055/s-0037-160392910.1055/s-0037-1603929. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. ↑ Spyropoulos AC, Anderson FA, Fitzgerald G, Decousus H, Pini M, Chong BH; et al. (2011). "Predictive and associative models to identify hospitalized medical patients at risk for VTE". Chest. 140 (3): 706–14. doi:10.1378/chest.10-1944. PMID 21436241.
  3. ↑ Barbar S, Noventa F, Rossetto V, Ferrari A, Brandolin B, Perlati M; et al. (2010). "A risk assessment model for the identification of hospitalized medical patients at risk for venous thromboembolism: the Padua Prediction Score". J Thromb Haemost. 8 (11): 2450–7. doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04044.x. PMID 20738765.
  4. ↑ Caprini JA, Arcelus JI, Hasty JH, Tamhane AC, Fabrega F (1991). "Clinical assessment of venous thromboembolic risk in surgical patients". Semin Thromb Hemost. 17 Suppl 3: 304–12. PMID 1754886.
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