Gynecomastia laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Gynecomastia is diagnosed clinically after a thorough history and physical examination. | Gynecomastia is diagnosed clinically after a thorough history and physical examination. A recent onset of gynecomastia with tenderness on the examination require the following laboratory studies: Serum concentrations of [[Human chorionic gonadotropin|human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)]], [[LH]], [[testosterone]], and [[estradiol]]. The hormonal levels may vary depending on the underlying cause. | ||
==Laboratory Findings== | ==Laboratory Findings== | ||
* [[Asymptomatic]] gynecomastia which is discovered | * [[Asymptomatic]] gynecomastia which is discovered on physical examination has a very low diagnostic yield and usually normal blood hormone levels. | ||
* Gynecomastia which is [[Tenderness (medicine)|tender]] and of recent onset should have, following lab work up:<ref name="pmid17881754">{{cite journal| author=Braunstein GD| title=Clinical practice. Gynecomastia. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2007 | volume= 357 | issue= 12 | pages= 1229-37 | pmid=17881754 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp070677 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17881754 }} </ref><ref name="pmid17090633">{{cite journal| author=Rosner W, Auchus RJ, Azziz R, Sluss PM, Raff H| title=Position statement: Utility, limitations, and pitfalls in measuring testosterone: an Endocrine Society position statement. | journal=J Clin Endocrinol Metab | year= 2007 | volume= 92 | issue= 2 | pages= 405-13 | pmid=17090633 | doi=10.1210/jc.2006-1864 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17090633 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11158037">{{cite journal| author=Harman SM, Metter EJ, Tobin JD, Pearson J, Blackman MR, Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging| title=Longitudinal effects of aging on serum total and free testosterone levels in healthy men. Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. | journal=J Clin Endocrinol Metab | year= 2001 | volume= 86 | issue= 2 | pages= 724-31 | pmid=11158037 | doi=10.1210/jcem.86.2.7219 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11158037 }} </ref><ref name="pmid3532913">{{cite journal| author=Ismail AA, Astley P, Burr WA, Cawood M, Short F, Wakelin K et al.| title=The role of testosterone measurement in the investigation of androgen disorders. | journal=Ann Clin Biochem | year= 1986 | volume= 23 ( Pt 2) | issue= | pages= 113-34 | pmid=3532913 | doi=10.1177/000456328602300201 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3532913 }} </ref> | * Gynecomastia which is [[Tenderness (medicine)|tender]] and of recent onset should have, following lab work up:<ref name="pmid17881754">{{cite journal| author=Braunstein GD| title=Clinical practice. Gynecomastia. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2007 | volume= 357 | issue= 12 | pages= 1229-37 | pmid=17881754 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp070677 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17881754 }} </ref><ref name="pmid17090633">{{cite journal| author=Rosner W, Auchus RJ, Azziz R, Sluss PM, Raff H| title=Position statement: Utility, limitations, and pitfalls in measuring testosterone: an Endocrine Society position statement. | journal=J Clin Endocrinol Metab | year= 2007 | volume= 92 | issue= 2 | pages= 405-13 | pmid=17090633 | doi=10.1210/jc.2006-1864 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17090633 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11158037">{{cite journal| author=Harman SM, Metter EJ, Tobin JD, Pearson J, Blackman MR, Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging| title=Longitudinal effects of aging on serum total and free testosterone levels in healthy men. Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. | journal=J Clin Endocrinol Metab | year= 2001 | volume= 86 | issue= 2 | pages= 724-31 | pmid=11158037 | doi=10.1210/jcem.86.2.7219 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11158037 }} </ref><ref name="pmid3532913">{{cite journal| author=Ismail AA, Astley P, Burr WA, Cawood M, Short F, Wakelin K et al.| title=The role of testosterone measurement in the investigation of androgen disorders. | journal=Ann Clin Biochem | year= 1986 | volume= 23 ( Pt 2) | issue= | pages= 113-34 | pmid=3532913 | doi=10.1177/000456328602300201 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3532913 }} </ref> | ||
** [[Alpha-fetoprotein]] ([[AFP]]) | ** [[Alpha-fetoprotein]] ([[AFP]]) | ||
Latest revision as of 23:49, 15 November 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Husnain Shaukat, M.D [2]
Overview
Gynecomastia is diagnosed clinically after a thorough history and physical examination. A recent onset of gynecomastia with tenderness on the examination require the following laboratory studies: Serum concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), LH, testosterone, and estradiol. The hormonal levels may vary depending on the underlying cause.
Laboratory Findings
- Asymptomatic gynecomastia which is discovered on physical examination has a very low diagnostic yield and usually normal blood hormone levels.
- Gynecomastia which is tender and of recent onset should have, following lab work up:[1][2][3][4]
References
- ↑ Braunstein GD (2007). "Clinical practice. Gynecomastia". N Engl J Med. 357 (12): 1229–37. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp070677. PMID 17881754.
- ↑ Rosner W, Auchus RJ, Azziz R, Sluss PM, Raff H (2007). "Position statement: Utility, limitations, and pitfalls in measuring testosterone: an Endocrine Society position statement". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 92 (2): 405–13. doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1864. PMID 17090633.
- ↑ Harman SM, Metter EJ, Tobin JD, Pearson J, Blackman MR, Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (2001). "Longitudinal effects of aging on serum total and free testosterone levels in healthy men. Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 86 (2): 724–31. doi:10.1210/jcem.86.2.7219. PMID 11158037.
- ↑ Ismail AA, Astley P, Burr WA, Cawood M, Short F, Wakelin K; et al. (1986). "The role of testosterone measurement in the investigation of androgen disorders". Ann Clin Biochem. 23 ( Pt 2): 113–34. doi:10.1177/000456328602300201. PMID 3532913.