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{{Gastritis}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
Common risk factors in the development of Gastritis include alcohol, NSAIDs, cocaine, autoimmune gastritis, Crohn’s disease, HIV/AIDS and bacterial infections such as Helicobacter pylori.
Common risk factors in the development of gastritis include [[alcohol]], [[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug|NSAIDs]], [[cocaine]], [[Crohn's disease|crohn’s disease]], [[HIV AIDS|HIV/AIDS]], and [[bacterial infections]] such as [[Helicobacter pylori|''Helicobacter pylori'']]. Less common risk factors in the development of gastritis include [[Food poisoning|food poisoning]] ([[bacterial gastroenteritis]]), autoimmune disorders such as [[Pernicious anemia|pernicious anemia]] , [[Hashimoto's thyroiditis|Hashimoto’s disease]] and [[Diabetes mellitus type 1|type 1 diabetes]]; [[stress]] as a result of major [[surgery]], [[Physical trauma|trauma]] or other illness; [[Traumatic injury|traumatic injury]], [[burns]], severe infections, bile reflux, low fiber diet, [[processed food]] as the primary diet, and [[Viral infection|viral]] and [[parasitic infections]].


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
*Common risk factors in the development of Gastritis include alcohol, NSAIDs, cocaine,  autoimmune gastritis, Crohn’s disease, HIV/AIDS and bacterial infections such as Helicobacter pylori. <ref name="pmid618156">{{cite journal| author=Lundberg GD, Garriott JC, Reynolds PC, Cravey RH, Shaw RF| title=Cocaine-related death. | journal=J Forensic Sci | year= 1977 | volume= 22 | issue= 2 | pages= 402-8 | pmid=618156 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=618156  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid25996397">{{cite journal| author=| title=Reorganized text. | journal=JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | year= 2015 | volume= 141 | issue= 5 | pages= 428 | pmid=25996397 | doi=10.1001/jamaoto.2015.0540 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25996397  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid16508284">{{cite journal| author=Franke A, Teyssen S, Singer MV| title=Alcohol-related diseases of the esophagus and stomach. | journal=Dig Dis | year= 2005 | volume= 23 | issue= 3-4 | pages= 204-13 | pmid=16508284 | doi=10.1159/000090167 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16508284  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid7293294">{{cite journal| author=Cheli R, Giacosa A, Marenco G, Canepa M, Dante GL, Ghezzo L| title=Chronic gastritis and alcohol. | journal=Z Gastroenterol | year= 1981 | volume= 19 | issue= 9 | pages= 459-63 | pmid=7293294 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7293294  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid8728788">{{cite journal| author=Mincis M, Chebli JM, Khouri ST, Mincis R| title=[Ethanol and the gastrointestinal tract]. | journal=Arq Gastroenterol | year= 1995 | volume= 32 | issue= 3 | pages= 131-9 | pmid=8728788 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8728788  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid11911358">{{cite journal| author=Nakamura M, Haruma K, Kamada T, Mihara M, Yoshihara M, Sumioka M et al.| title=Cigarette smoking promotes atrophic gastritis in Helicobacter pylori-positive subjects. | journal=Dig Dis Sci | year= 2002 | volume= 47 | issue= 3 | pages= 675-81 | pmid=11911358 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11911358  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid11154489">{{cite journal| author=Nakamura M, Haruma K, Kamada T, Mihara M, Yoshihara M, Imagawa M et al.| title=Duodenogastric reflux is associated with antral metaplastic gastritis. | journal=Gastrointest Endosc | year= 2001 | volume= 53 | issue= 1 | pages= 53-9 | pmid=11154489 | doi=10.1067/mge.2001.111385 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11154489  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid6055742">{{cite journal| author=Astley CE| title=Gastritis, aspirin, and alcohol. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1967 | volume= 4 | issue= 5577 | pages= 484 | pmid=6055742 | doi= | pmc=1748516 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6055742  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid8640692">{{cite journal| author=Ji BT, Chow WH, Yang G, McLaughlin JK, Gao RN, Zheng W et al.| title=The influence of cigarette smoking, alcohol, and green tea consumption on the risk of carcinoma of the cardia and distal stomach in Shanghai, China. | journal=Cancer | year= 1996 | volume= 77 | issue= 12 | pages= 2449-57 | pmid=8640692 | doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19960615)77:12<2449::AID-CNCR6>3.0.CO;2-H | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8640692  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid8803564">{{cite journal| author=Laine L| title=Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug gastropathy. | journal=Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am | year= 1996 | volume= 6 | issue= 3 | pages= 489-504 | pmid=8803564 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8803564  }} </ref>  
*Common risk factors in the development of gastritis include [[alcohol]], [[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug|NSAIDs]], [[cocaine]],  [[Crohn's disease|crohn’s disease]], [[HIV AIDS|HIV/AIDS]] and bacterial infections such as [[Helicobacter pylori|''Helicobacter pylori'']].<ref name="pmid618156">{{cite journal| author=Lundberg GD, Garriott JC, Reynolds PC, Cravey RH, Shaw RF| title=Cocaine-related death. | journal=J Forensic Sci | year= 1977 | volume= 22 | issue= 2 | pages= 402-8 | pmid=618156 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=618156  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25996397">{{cite journal| author=| title=Reorganized text. | journal=JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | year= 2015 | volume= 141 | issue= 5 | pages= 428 | pmid=25996397 | doi=10.1001/jamaoto.2015.0540 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25996397  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16508284">{{cite journal| author=Franke A, Teyssen S, Singer MV| title=Alcohol-related diseases of the esophagus and stomach. | journal=Dig Dis | year= 2005 | volume= 23 | issue= 3-4 | pages= 204-13 | pmid=16508284 | doi=10.1159/000090167 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16508284  }} </ref><ref name="pmid7293294">{{cite journal| author=Cheli R, Giacosa A, Marenco G, Canepa M, Dante GL, Ghezzo L| title=Chronic gastritis and alcohol. | journal=Z Gastroenterol | year= 1981 | volume= 19 | issue= 9 | pages= 459-63 | pmid=7293294 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7293294  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8728788">{{cite journal| author=Mincis M, Chebli JM, Khouri ST, Mincis R| title=[Ethanol and the gastrointestinal tract]. | journal=Arq Gastroenterol | year= 1995 | volume= 32 | issue= 3 | pages= 131-9 | pmid=8728788 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8728788  }} </ref><ref name="pmid11911358">{{cite journal| author=Nakamura M, Haruma K, Kamada T, Mihara M, Yoshihara M, Sumioka M et al.| title=Cigarette smoking promotes atrophic gastritis in Helicobacter pylori-positive subjects. | journal=Dig Dis Sci | year= 2002 | volume= 47 | issue= 3 | pages= 675-81 | pmid=11911358 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11911358  }} </ref><ref name="pmid11154489">{{cite journal| author=Nakamura M, Haruma K, Kamada T, Mihara M, Yoshihara M, Imagawa M et al.| title=Duodenogastric reflux is associated with antral metaplastic gastritis. | journal=Gastrointest Endosc | year= 2001 | volume= 53 | issue= 1 | pages= 53-9 | pmid=11154489 | doi=10.1067/mge.2001.111385 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11154489  }} </ref><ref name="pmid6055742">{{cite journal| author=Astley CE| title=Gastritis, aspirin, and alcohol. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1967 | volume= 4 | issue= 5577 | pages= 484 | pmid=6055742 | doi= | pmc=1748516 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6055742  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8640692">{{cite journal| author=Ji BT, Chow WH, Yang G, McLaughlin JK, Gao RN, Zheng W et al.| title=The influence of cigarette smoking, alcohol, and green tea consumption on the risk of carcinoma of the cardia and distal stomach in Shanghai, China. | journal=Cancer | year= 1996 | volume= 77 | issue= 12 | pages= 2449-57 | pmid=8640692 | doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19960615)77:12<2449::AID-CNCR6>3.0.CO;2-H | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8640692  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8803564">{{cite journal| author=Laine L| title=Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug gastropathy. | journal=Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am | year= 1996 | volume= 6 | issue= 3 | pages= 489-504 | pmid=8803564 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8803564  }} </ref>  
===Common Risk Factors===
===Common Risk Factors===
*Common risk factors in the development of Gastritis include:
*Common risk factors in the development of gastritis include:
**Consuming excessive amounts of [[alcohol]] ([[acute gastritis]])
**Excessive amounts of [[alcohol]] ([[acute gastritis]])
**[[Cigarette smoking]]
**[[Cigarette smoking]]
**Consuming excessive amounts of [[caffeine]] or acidic beverages
**Excessive amounts of [[caffeine]] or acidic beverages
**Taking medications such as [[aspirin]] or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ([[NSAIDs]])
**Medications such as [[aspirin]] or other [[nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]] ([[NSAIDs]])
**[[Cocaine addiction]]
**[[Cocaine addiction]]
**[[Stress]] resulting in excessive gastric acid secretion
**[[Stress]] resulting in excessive gastric acid secretion
**Bacterial infection such as [[Helicobacter pylori]] ([[H. pylori]])
**[[Bacterial infection]] such as [[Helicobacter pylori|''Helicobacter pylori'']] ([[H. pylori|''H. pylori'']])
**In elderly people the stomach lining thins as the age progresses making them more prone to [[H. pylori]] infections or autoimmune disorders
**Increasing age
**[[HIV AIDS|HIV/AIDS]]
**[[HIV AIDS|HIV/AIDS]]


===Less Common Risk Factors===
===Less Common Risk Factors===
*Less common risk factors in the development of Gastritis include:
*Less common risk factors in the development of gastritis include:
**[[Food poisoning]] ([[bacterial gastroenteritis]])
**[[Food poisoning]] ([[bacterial gastroenteritis]])
**Autoimmune gastritis predisposing to [[Vitamin B12|vitamin B-12]] deficiency and  other autoimmune disorders such as [[Hashimoto's thyroiditis|Hashimoto’s disease]] and [[Diabetes mellitus type 1|type 1 diabetes]]
**Autoimmune disorders such as [[Pernicious anemia|pernicious anemia]] , [[Hashimoto's thyroiditis|Hashimoto’s disease]] and [[Diabetes mellitus type 1|type 1 diabetes]]
**Stress as a result of major [[surgery]] or [[Physical trauma|trauma]] or other illness
**Stress as a result of major [[surgery]], [[Physical trauma|trauma]], or other illness
**[[Traumatic injury]], [[burns]], or severe infections
**[[Traumatic injury]], [[burns]], or severe infections
**Bile reflux
**Bile reflux
**[[Low fiber diet]]
**Low fiber diet
**Relying mostly on [[processed food]] as the primary source
**Processed food as the primary diet
**[[Pernicious anemia]]
**[[Viral infections|Viral]] and [[parasitic infections]]
**Viral and parasitic infections


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


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Latest revision as of 21:49, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Reddy Kothagadi M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Common risk factors in the development of gastritis include alcohol, NSAIDs, cocaine, crohn’s disease, HIV/AIDS, and bacterial infections such as Helicobacter pylori. Less common risk factors in the development of gastritis include food poisoning (bacterial gastroenteritis), autoimmune disorders such as pernicious anemia , Hashimoto’s disease and type 1 diabetes; stress as a result of major surgery, trauma or other illness; traumatic injury, burns, severe infections, bile reflux, low fiber diet, processed food as the primary diet, and viral and parasitic infections.

Risk Factors

Common Risk Factors

Less Common Risk Factors

References

  1. ↑ Lundberg GD, Garriott JC, Reynolds PC, Cravey RH, Shaw RF (1977). "Cocaine-related death". J Forensic Sci. 22 (2): 402–8. PMID 618156.
  2. ↑ "Reorganized text". JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 141 (5): 428. 2015. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2015.0540. PMID 25996397.
  3. ↑ Franke A, Teyssen S, Singer MV (2005). "Alcohol-related diseases of the esophagus and stomach". Dig Dis. 23 (3–4): 204–13. doi:10.1159/000090167. PMID 16508284.
  4. ↑ Cheli R, Giacosa A, Marenco G, Canepa M, Dante GL, Ghezzo L (1981). "Chronic gastritis and alcohol". Z Gastroenterol. 19 (9): 459–63. PMID 7293294.
  5. ↑ Mincis M, Chebli JM, Khouri ST, Mincis R (1995). "[Ethanol and the gastrointestinal tract]". Arq Gastroenterol. 32 (3): 131–9. PMID 8728788.
  6. ↑ Nakamura M, Haruma K, Kamada T, Mihara M, Yoshihara M, Sumioka M; et al. (2002). "Cigarette smoking promotes atrophic gastritis in Helicobacter pylori-positive subjects". Dig Dis Sci. 47 (3): 675–81. PMID 11911358.
  7. ↑ Nakamura M, Haruma K, Kamada T, Mihara M, Yoshihara M, Imagawa M; et al. (2001). "Duodenogastric reflux is associated with antral metaplastic gastritis". Gastrointest Endosc. 53 (1): 53–9. doi:10.1067/mge.2001.111385. PMID 11154489.
  8. ↑ Astley CE (1967). "Gastritis, aspirin, and alcohol". Br Med J. 4 (5577): 484. PMC 1748516. PMID 6055742.
  9. ↑ Ji BT, Chow WH, Yang G, McLaughlin JK, Gao RN, Zheng W; et al. (1996). "The influence of cigarette smoking, alcohol, and green tea consumption on the risk of carcinoma of the cardia and distal stomach in Shanghai, China". Cancer. 77 (12): 2449–57. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19960615)77:12<2449::AID-CNCR6>3.0.CO;2-H. PMID 8640692.
  10. ↑ Laine L (1996). "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug gastropathy". Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 6 (3): 489–504. PMID 8803564.

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