Esophageal stricture causes: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Esophageal stricture}} | {{Esophageal stricture}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MA}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MA}} | ||
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common causes of esophageal stricture include [[gastroesophageal reflux disease]] and caustic ingestions. | Common causes of esophageal stricture include [[gastroesophageal reflux disease]] and [[caustic]] ingestions. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
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Esophageal stricture may be caused by:<ref name="pmid1483661">{{cite journal |vauthors=Csendes A, Braghetto I |title=Surgical management of esophageal strictures |journal=Hepatogastroenterology |volume=39 |issue=6 |pages=502–10 |year=1992 |pmid=1483661 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | Esophageal stricture may be caused by:<ref name="pmid1483661">{{cite journal |vauthors=Csendes A, Braghetto I |title=Surgical management of esophageal strictures |journal=Hepatogastroenterology |volume=39 |issue=6 |pages=502–10 |year=1992 |pmid=1483661 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]]<ref name="pmid8338082">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marks RD, Richter JE |title=Peptic strictures of the esophagus |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=88 |issue=8 |pages=1160–73 |year=1993 |pmid=8338082 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]]<ref name="pmid8338082">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marks RD, Richter JE |title=Peptic strictures of the esophagus |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=88 |issue=8 |pages=1160–73 |year=1993 |pmid=8338082 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Caustic ingestions<ref name="pmid4020540">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wasserman RL, Ginsburg CM |title=Caustic substance injuries |journal=J. Pediatr. |volume=107 |issue=2 |pages=169–74 |year=1985 |pmid=4020540 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *[[Caustic]] ingestions<ref name="pmid4020540">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wasserman RL, Ginsburg CM |title=Caustic substance injuries |journal=J. Pediatr. |volume=107 |issue=2 |pages=169–74 |year=1985 |pmid=4020540 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Radiation therapy for thoracic or head and neck tumors<ref name="pmid7713784">{{cite journal |vauthors=Coia LR, Myerson RJ, Tepper JE |title=Late effects of radiation therapy on the gastrointestinal tract |journal=Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=1213–36 |year=1995 |pmid=7713784 |doi=10.1016/0360-3016(94)00419-L |url=}}</ref> | *[[Radiation]] therapy for [[thoracic]] or head and neck tumors<ref name="pmid7713784">{{cite journal |vauthors=Coia LR, Myerson RJ, Tepper JE |title=Late effects of radiation therapy on the gastrointestinal tract |journal=Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=1213–36 |year=1995 |pmid=7713784 |doi=10.1016/0360-3016(94)00419-L |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Esophageal cancer | *[[Esophageal cancer]] | ||
* | *[[Congenital]] causes such as rings and webs<ref name="pmid16550258">{{cite journal| author=Khanna N| title=How do I dilate a benign esophageal stricture? | journal=Can J Gastroenterol | year= 2006 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 153-5 | pmid=16550258 | doi= | pmc=2582967 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16550258 }}</ref> | ||
* | *[[Nasogastric intubation]]<ref name="pmid12853664">{{cite journal |vauthors=Luedtke P, Levine MS, Rubesin SE, Weinstein DS, Laufer I |title=Radiologic diagnosis of benign esophageal strictures: a pattern approach |journal=Radiographics |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=897–909 |year=2003 |pmid=12853664 |doi=10.1148/rg.234025717 |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Less Common Causes=== | ===Less Common Causes=== | ||
Less common causes of esophageal stricture include: | Less common causes of esophageal stricture include: | ||
* Esophageal [[sclerotherapy]]<ref name="pmid1928999">{{cite journal |vauthors=Guynn TP, Eckhauser FE, Knol JA, Raper SE, Mulholland MW, Nostrant TT, Elta GH, Barnett JL |title=Injection sclerotherapy-induced esophageal strictures. Risk factors and prognosis |journal=Am Surg |volume=57 |issue=9 |pages=567–71; discussion 571–2 |year=1991 |pmid=1928999 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | * [[Esophageal]] [[sclerotherapy]]<ref name="pmid1928999">{{cite journal |vauthors=Guynn TP, Eckhauser FE, Knol JA, Raper SE, Mulholland MW, Nostrant TT, Elta GH, Barnett JL |title=Injection sclerotherapy-induced esophageal strictures. Risk factors and prognosis |journal=Am Surg |volume=57 |issue=9 |pages=567–71; discussion 571–2 |year=1991 |pmid=1928999 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* [[Eosinophilic esophagitis]]<ref name="FurutaIngelfinger2015">{{cite journal|last1=Furuta|first1=Glenn T.|last2=Ingelfinger|first2=Julie R.|last3=Katzka|first3=David A.|title=Eosinophilic Esophagitis|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=373|issue=17|year=2015|pages=1640–1648|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMra1502863}}</ref> | * [[Eosinophilic esophagitis]]<ref name="FurutaIngelfinger2015">{{cite journal|last1=Furuta|first1=Glenn T.|last2=Ingelfinger|first2=Julie R.|last3=Katzka|first3=David A.|title=Eosinophilic Esophagitis|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=373|issue=17|year=2015|pages=1640–1648|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMra1502863}}</ref> | ||
* | * [[Lymphocytic]] [[esophagitis]] | ||
*[[Dyskeratosis congenita|Dyskeratosis congenita (DC)]]<ref name="pmid23279657">{{cite journal| author=Jonassaint NL, Guo N, Califano JA, Montgomery EA, Armanios M| title=The gastrointestinal manifestations of telomere-mediated disease. | journal=Aging Cell | year= 2013 | volume= 12 | issue= 2 | pages= 319-23 | pmid=23279657 | doi=10.1111/acel.12041 | pmc=3602337 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23279657 }}</ref> | *[[Dyskeratosis congenita|Dyskeratosis congenita (DC)]]<ref name="pmid23279657">{{cite journal| author=Jonassaint NL, Guo N, Califano JA, Montgomery EA, Armanios M| title=The gastrointestinal manifestations of telomere-mediated disease. | journal=Aging Cell | year= 2013 | volume= 12 | issue= 2 | pages= 319-23 | pmid=23279657 | doi=10.1111/acel.12041 | pmc=3602337 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23279657 }}</ref> | ||
*Rare dermatologic diseases (eg, [[epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica]])<ref name="pmid27384758">{{cite journal |vauthors=Guerra-Leal JD, Meester I, Cantu-Gonzalez JR, Ornelas-Cortinas G, Montemayor-Martinez A, Salas-Alanis JC |title=The Importance of Esophagography in Patients With Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa |journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol |volume= |issue= |pages=1–4 |year=2016 |pmid=27384758 |doi=10.2214/AJR.16.16115 |url=}}</ref> | *Rare dermatologic diseases (eg, [[epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica]])<ref name="pmid27384758">{{cite journal |vauthors=Guerra-Leal JD, Meester I, Cantu-Gonzalez JR, Ornelas-Cortinas G, Montemayor-Martinez A, Salas-Alanis JC |title=The Importance of Esophagography in Patients With Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa |journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol |volume= |issue= |pages=1–4 |year=2016 |pmid=27384758 |doi=10.2214/AJR.16.16115 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Mediastinal fibrosis due to [[ | *[[Mediastinal]] [[fibrosis]] due to [[tuberculosis]] or [[idiopathic]] [[fibrosing mediastinitis]]<ref name="pmid7665827">{{cite journal |vauthors=Goenka MK, Gupta NM, Kochhar R, Rungta U, Vaiphei K, Nagi B, Suri S |title=Mediastinal fibrosis: an unusual cause of esophageal stricture |journal=J. Clin. Gastroenterol. |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=331–3 |year=1995 |pmid=7665827 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Drug-induced stricture:<ref name="pmid3606243">{{cite journal| author=Bonavina L, DeMeester TR, McChesney L, Schwizer W, Albertucci M, Bailey RT| title=Drug-induced esophageal strictures. | journal=Ann Surg | year= 1987 | volume= 206 | issue= 2 | pages= 173-83 | pmid=3606243 | doi= | pmc=1493104 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3606243 }}</ref> | *[[Drug]]-induced stricture:<ref name="pmid3606243">{{cite journal| author=Bonavina L, DeMeester TR, McChesney L, Schwizer W, Albertucci M, Bailey RT| title=Drug-induced esophageal strictures. | journal=Ann Surg | year= 1987 | volume= 206 | issue= 2 | pages= 173-83 | pmid=3606243 | doi= | pmc=1493104 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3606243 }}</ref> | ||
**[[Aspirin]] and [[Anti-inflammatory medication|anti-inflammatory medications]]<ref name="pmid6825537">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kikendall JW, Friedman AC, Oyewole MA, Fleischer D, Johnson LF |title=Pill-induced esophageal injury. Case reports and review of the medical literature |journal=Dig. Dis. Sci. |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=174–82 |year=1983 |pmid=6825537 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | **[[Aspirin]] and [[Anti-inflammatory medication|anti-inflammatory medications]]<ref name="pmid6825537">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kikendall JW, Friedman AC, Oyewole MA, Fleischer D, Johnson LF |title=Pill-induced esophageal injury. Case reports and review of the medical literature |journal=Dig. Dis. Sci. |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=174–82 |year=1983 |pmid=6825537 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
**[[Tetracycline]] | **[[Tetracycline]] | ||
| Line 42: | Line 41: | ||
**[[Pinaverium]] | **[[Pinaverium]] | ||
* [[Infectious esophagitis]]<ref name="pmid247196002">{{cite journal| author=Wilcox CM| title=Overview of infectious esophagitis. | journal=Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) | year= 2013 | volume= 9 | issue= 8 | pages= 517-9 | pmid=24719600 | doi= | pmc=3980995 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24719600 }}</ref> | * [[Infectious]] [[esophagitis]]<ref name="pmid247196002">{{cite journal| author=Wilcox CM| title=Overview of infectious esophagitis. | journal=Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) | year= 2013 | volume= 9 | issue= 8 | pages= 517-9 | pmid=24719600 | doi= | pmc=3980995 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24719600 }}</ref> | ||
:* [[Candida]] | :* [[Candida]] | ||
:* [[Herpes simplex virus (HSV)]] | :* [[Herpes simplex virus (HSV)]] | ||
:* [[Cytomegalovirus|Cytomegalovirus (CMV)]] | :* [[Cytomegalovirus|Cytomegalovirus (CMV)]] | ||
:* [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)]] | :* [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)]] | ||
* [[Tracheoesophageal fistula]] repair and esophageal stricture at the anastomosis<ref name="pmid25755944">{{cite journal| author=Lakoma A, Fallon SC, Mathur S, Kim ES| title=Use of Mitomycin C for Refractory Esophageal Stricture following Tracheoesophageal Fistula Repair. | journal=European J Pediatr Surg Rep | year= 2013 | volume= 1 | issue= 1 | pages= 24-6 | pmid=25755944 | doi=10.1055/s-0033-1341418 | pmc=4335951 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25755944 }}</ref> | * [[Tracheoesophageal fistula]] repair and esophageal stricture at the [[anastomosis]]<ref name="pmid25755944">{{cite journal| author=Lakoma A, Fallon SC, Mathur S, Kim ES| title=Use of Mitomycin C for Refractory Esophageal Stricture following Tracheoesophageal Fistula Repair. | journal=European J Pediatr Surg Rep | year= 2013 | volume= 1 | issue= 1 | pages= 24-6 | pmid=25755944 | doi=10.1055/s-0033-1341418 | pmc=4335951 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25755944 }}</ref> | ||
* [[Esophageal diverticulum|Esophageal diverticula]]<ref name="Smith2015">{{cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=C. Daniel|title=Esophageal Strictures and Diverticula|journal=Surgical Clinics of North America|volume=95|issue=3|year=2015|pages=669–681|issn=00396109|doi=10.1016/j.suc.2015.02.017}}</ref> | * [[Esophageal diverticulum|Esophageal diverticula]]<ref name="Smith2015">{{cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=C. Daniel|title=Esophageal Strictures and Diverticula|journal=Surgical Clinics of North America|volume=95|issue=3|year=2015|pages=669–681|issn=00396109|doi=10.1016/j.suc.2015.02.017}}</ref> | ||
* Increased level of gastric acid exposure to esophageal tissue, for example: | * Increased level of [[gastric]] acid exposure to [[esophageal]] [[tissue]], for example: | ||
**[[Systemic sclerosis]]<ref name="Ebert2008">{{cite journal|last1=Ebert|first1=Ellen C.|title=Esophageal disease in progressive systemic sclerosis|journal=Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology|volume=11|issue=1|year=2008|pages=64–69|issn=1092-8472|doi=10.1007/s11938-008-0008-8}}</ref> | **[[Systemic sclerosis]]<ref name="Ebert2008">{{cite journal|last1=Ebert|first1=Ellen C.|title=Esophageal disease in progressive systemic sclerosis|journal=Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology|volume=11|issue=1|year=2008|pages=64–69|issn=1092-8472|doi=10.1007/s11938-008-0008-8}}</ref> | ||
**[[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]]<ref name="LuedtkeLevine2003">{{cite journal|last1=Luedtke|first1=Pia|last2=Levine|first2=Marc S.|last3=Rubesin|first3=Stephen E.|last4=Weinstein|first4=Donald S.|last5=Laufer|first5=Igor|title=Radiologic Diagnosis of Benign Esophageal Strictures: A Pattern Approach|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=23|issue=4|year=2003|pages=897–909|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/rg.234025717}}</ref> | **[[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]]<ref name="LuedtkeLevine2003">{{cite journal|last1=Luedtke|first1=Pia|last2=Levine|first2=Marc S.|last3=Rubesin|first3=Stephen E.|last4=Weinstein|first4=Donald S.|last5=Laufer|first5=Igor|title=Radiologic Diagnosis of Benign Esophageal Strictures: A Pattern Approach|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=23|issue=4|year=2003|pages=897–909|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/rg.234025717}}</ref> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Chemical/Poisoning''' | | bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Chemical/Poisoning''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" |Caustic ingestion | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Caustic]] ingestion | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
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|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Drug Side Effect''' | | '''Drug Side Effect''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" |Drug-induced stricture:<ref name="pmid3606243" /> | | bgcolor="Beige" |[[Drug]]-induced stricture:<ref name="pmid3606243" /> | ||
*[[Aspirin]] and [[Anti-inflammatory medication|anti-inflammatory medications]]<ref name="pmid6825537" /> | *[[Aspirin]] and [[Anti-inflammatory medication|anti-inflammatory medications]]<ref name="pmid6825537" /> | ||
*[[Tetracycline]] | *[[Tetracycline]] | ||
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|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Gastroenterologic''' | | '''Gastroenterologic''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" | Gastroesophageal reflux disease, [[Eosinophilic esophagitis]], [[Zenker's diverticulum|Esophageal diverticula]], [[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]], [[Systemic sclerosis]] | | bgcolor="Beige" | [[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]], [[Eosinophilic esophagitis]], [[Zenker's diverticulum|Esophageal diverticula]], [[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]], [[Systemic sclerosis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
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|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Iatrogenic''' | | '''Iatrogenic''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" | Previous surgery on the esophagus, Radiation therapy for thoracic or head and neck tumors, Esophageal sclerotherapy,[[Tracheoesophageal fistula]] repair, [[Nasogastric tube]] placement, [[Heller myotomy]] for [[achalasia]] | | bgcolor="Beige" | Previous [[surgery]] on the [[esophagus]], [[Radiation therapy|Radiation]] therapy for [[thoracic]] or head and neck tumors, [[Esophageal]] [[sclerotherapy]],[[Tracheoesophageal fistula]] repair, [[Nasogastric tube]] placement, [[Heller myotomy]] for [[achalasia]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
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|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Pulmonary''' | | '''Pulmonary''' | ||
| bgcolor="Beige" | Mediastinal fibrosis due to | | bgcolor="Beige" | Mediastinal fibrosis due to [[tuberculosis]] or [[idiopathic]] fibrosing [[mediastinitis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
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===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ||
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order. | List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order. | ||
* Caustic ingestions | * [[Caustic]] ingestions | ||
* Drug-induced stricture | * [[Drug]]-induced stricture | ||
* Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) | * [[Dyskeratosis congenita]] (DC) | ||
* Eosinophilic esophagitis | * [[Eosinophilic esophagitis]] | ||
* Esophageal diverticula | * [[Esophageal]] [[Diverticular|diverticula]] | ||
* Esophageal sclerotherapy | * Esophageal [[sclerotherapy]] | ||
* Gastroesophageal reflux disease | * [[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]] | ||
* Increased level of gastric acid exposure to esophageal tissue | * Increased level of [[gastric]] acid exposure to [[esophageal]] tissue | ||
* Infectious esophagitis | * [[Infectious]] [[esophagitis]] | ||
* Mediastinal fibrosis due to | * [[Mediastinal]] [[fibrosis]] due to [[tuberculosis]] or [[idiopathic]] fibrosing [[mediastinitis]] | ||
* Radiation therapy for thoracic or head and neck tumors | * [[Nasogastric intubation]] | ||
* Rare dermatologic diseases (eg, epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica) | * [[Radiation therapy]] for [[thoracic]] or head and neck tumors | ||
* [[Tracheoesophageal fistula]] repair and esophageal stricture at the anastomosis | * Rare [[Dermatology|dermatologic]] diseases (eg, [[epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica]]) | ||
* [[Tracheoesophageal fistula]] repair and esophageal stricture at the [[anastomosis]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
<references /> | |||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
[[Category:Medicine]] | [[Category:Medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:40, 29 July 2020
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Esophageal stricture Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Surgery |
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Case Studies |
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Esophageal stricture causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Esophageal stricture causes |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Esophageal stricture causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahda Alihashemi M.D. [2]
Overview
Common causes of esophageal stricture include gastroesophageal reflux disease and caustic ingestions.
Causes
Life-threatening Causes
- Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of esophageal stricture, however complications resulting from untreated esophageal stricture is common.
Common Causes
Esophageal stricture may be caused by:[1]
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease[2]
- Caustic ingestions[3]
- Radiation therapy for thoracic or head and neck tumors[4]
- Esophageal cancer
- Congenital causes such as rings and webs[5]
- Nasogastric intubation[6]
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of esophageal stricture include:
- Dyskeratosis congenita (DC)[9]
- Rare dermatologic diseases (eg, epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica)[10]
- Mediastinal fibrosis due to tuberculosis or idiopathic fibrosing mediastinitis[11]
- Drug-induced stricture:[12]
- Aspirin and anti-inflammatory medications[13]
- Tetracycline
- Doxycycline
- Clindamycin
- Bisphosphonates
- Potassium chloride
- Quinidine preparations
- Iron compounds
- Emepronium
- Alprenolol
- Pinaverium
- Tracheoesophageal fistula repair and esophageal stricture at the anastomosis[15]
- Esophageal diverticula[16]
- Increased level of gastric acid exposure to esophageal tissue, for example:
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | Caustic ingestion |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | Dyskeratosis congenita (DC), epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica |
| Drug Side Effect | Drug-induced stricture:[12]
|
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | Gastroesophageal reflux disease, Eosinophilic esophagitis, Esophageal diverticula, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, Systemic sclerosis |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | Previous surgery on the esophagus, Radiation therapy for thoracic or head and neck tumors, Esophageal sclerotherapy,Tracheoesophageal fistula repair, Nasogastric tube placement, Heller myotomy for achalasia |
| Infectious Disease | Infectious esophagitis
|
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | Mediastinal fibrosis due to tuberculosis or idiopathic fibrosing mediastinitis |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | Systemic sclerosis |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.
- Caustic ingestions
- Drug-induced stricture
- Dyskeratosis congenita (DC)
- Eosinophilic esophagitis
- Esophageal diverticula
- Esophageal sclerotherapy
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease
- Increased level of gastric acid exposure to esophageal tissue
- Infectious esophagitis
- Mediastinal fibrosis due to tuberculosis or idiopathic fibrosing mediastinitis
- Nasogastric intubation
- Radiation therapy for thoracic or head and neck tumors
- Rare dermatologic diseases (eg, epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica)
- Tracheoesophageal fistula repair and esophageal stricture at the anastomosis
References
- ↑ Csendes A, Braghetto I (1992). "Surgical management of esophageal strictures". Hepatogastroenterology. 39 (6): 502–10. PMID 1483661.
- ↑ Marks RD, Richter JE (1993). "Peptic strictures of the esophagus". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 88 (8): 1160–73. PMID 8338082.
- ↑ Wasserman RL, Ginsburg CM (1985). "Caustic substance injuries". J. Pediatr. 107 (2): 169–74. PMID 4020540.
- ↑ Coia LR, Myerson RJ, Tepper JE (1995). "Late effects of radiation therapy on the gastrointestinal tract". Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 31 (5): 1213–36. doi:10.1016/0360-3016(94)00419-L. PMID 7713784.
- ↑ Khanna N (2006). "How do I dilate a benign esophageal stricture?". Can J Gastroenterol. 20 (3): 153–5. PMC 2582967. PMID 16550258.
- ↑ Luedtke P, Levine MS, Rubesin SE, Weinstein DS, Laufer I (2003). "Radiologic diagnosis of benign esophageal strictures: a pattern approach". Radiographics. 23 (4): 897–909. doi:10.1148/rg.234025717. PMID 12853664.
- ↑ Guynn TP, Eckhauser FE, Knol JA, Raper SE, Mulholland MW, Nostrant TT, Elta GH, Barnett JL (1991). "Injection sclerotherapy-induced esophageal strictures. Risk factors and prognosis". Am Surg. 57 (9): 567–71, discussion 571–2. PMID 1928999.
- ↑ Furuta, Glenn T.; Ingelfinger, Julie R.; Katzka, David A. (2015). "Eosinophilic Esophagitis". New England Journal of Medicine. 373 (17): 1640–1648. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1502863. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ Jonassaint NL, Guo N, Califano JA, Montgomery EA, Armanios M (2013). "The gastrointestinal manifestations of telomere-mediated disease". Aging Cell. 12 (2): 319–23. doi:10.1111/acel.12041. PMC 3602337. PMID 23279657.
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- ↑ Wilcox CM (2013). "Overview of infectious esophagitis". Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 9 (8): 517–9. PMC 3980995. PMID 24719600.
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- ↑ Ebert, Ellen C. (2008). "Esophageal disease in progressive systemic sclerosis". Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology. 11 (1): 64–69. doi:10.1007/s11938-008-0008-8. ISSN 1092-8472.
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