Achalasia physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Physical examination is usually non significant as the diagnosis is dependent on the symptoms and the radiological tests. Patients with achalasia usually appear calm and in no acute | Physical examination is usually non significant as the diagnosis is dependent on the [[symptoms]] and the [[Radiological|radiological tests]]. Patients with achalasia usually appear calm and in no acute distress. Physical examination of patients with achalasia is usually remarkable for [[weight loss]] and [[oral cavity ulcers]]. | ||
==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
===Appearance=== | ===Appearance=== | ||
Patients with achalasia usually appear calm and in no acute distress. | * Patients with achalasia usually appear calm and in no acute distress. | ||
===General=== | ===General=== | ||
*Achalasia patients may have low BMI due to chronic weight loss.<ref name="pmid24612067">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kempf J, Beckmann K, Kook PH |title=Achalasia-like disease with esophageal pressurization in a myasthenic dog |journal=J. Vet. Intern. Med. |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=661–5 |year=2014 |pmid=24612067 |pmc=4857995 |doi=10.1111/jvim.12329 |url=}}</ref> | *Achalasia patients may have low [[BMI]] due to chronic [[weight loss]].<ref name="pmid24612067">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kempf J, Beckmann K, Kook PH |title=Achalasia-like disease with esophageal pressurization in a myasthenic dog |journal=J. Vet. Intern. Med. |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=661–5 |year=2014 |pmid=24612067 |pmc=4857995 |doi=10.1111/jvim.12329 |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Vital signs=== | ===Vital signs=== | ||
*Achalasia patients are usually vitally stable. | *Achalasia patients are usually vitally stable. | ||
=== | ===HEENT=== | ||
*Oral cavity examination may show ulcers due to food regurgitation.<ref name="pmid22186482">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stone ML, Kilic A, Jones DR, Lau CL, Kozower BD |title=A diagnostic consideration for all ages: pseudoachalasia in a 22-year-old male |journal=Ann. Thorac. Surg. |volume=93 |issue=1 |pages=e11–2 |year=2012 |pmid=22186482 |pmc=3278770 |doi=10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.07.064 |url=}}</ref> | *[[Oral cavity]] examination may show ulcers due to food regurgitation.<ref name="pmid22186482">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stone ML, Kilic A, Jones DR, Lau CL, Kozower BD |title=A diagnostic consideration for all ages: pseudoachalasia in a 22-year-old male |journal=Ann. Thorac. Surg. |volume=93 |issue=1 |pages=e11–2 |year=2012 |pmid=22186482 |pmc=3278770 |doi=10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.07.064 |url=}}</ref> | ||
=== Chest === | |||
*Lungs usually show clear vesicular breathing sounds, with equal air entry. | *Lungs usually show clear vesicular breathing sounds, with equal air entry. | ||
===Abdomen=== | ===Abdomen=== | ||
*Abdomen is usually lax, non tender, and with no masses | *Abdomen is usually lax, non tender, and with no masses | ||
===Heart=== | ===Heart=== | ||
*On auscultation, the heart has normal S1, S2, with no rubs, gallops, nor murmers. | *On auscultation, the heart has normal [[S1]], [[S2]], with no rubs, gallops, nor murmers. | ||
===Extremities=== | ===Extremities=== | ||
*Extremities may show emaciation especially in chronic cases. | *Extremities may show emaciation especially in chronic cases. | ||
Latest revision as of 15:06, 27 November 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [2]
Overview
Physical examination is usually non significant as the diagnosis is dependent on the symptoms and the radiological tests. Patients with achalasia usually appear calm and in no acute distress. Physical examination of patients with achalasia is usually remarkable for weight loss and oral cavity ulcers.
Physical Examination
Appearance
- Patients with achalasia usually appear calm and in no acute distress.
General
- Achalasia patients may have low BMI due to chronic weight loss.[1]
Vital signs
- Achalasia patients are usually vitally stable.
HEENT
- Oral cavity examination may show ulcers due to food regurgitation.[2]
Chest
- Lungs usually show clear vesicular breathing sounds, with equal air entry.
Abdomen
- Abdomen is usually lax, non tender, and with no masses
Heart
Extremities
- Extremities may show emaciation especially in chronic cases.
Neurologic
- Patient is usually oriented to time, person, and place with good motor and sensory functions.
References
- ↑ Kempf J, Beckmann K, Kook PH (2014). "Achalasia-like disease with esophageal pressurization in a myasthenic dog". J. Vet. Intern. Med. 28 (2): 661–5. doi:10.1111/jvim.12329. PMC 4857995. PMID 24612067.
- ↑ Stone ML, Kilic A, Jones DR, Lau CL, Kozower BD (2012). "A diagnostic consideration for all ages: pseudoachalasia in a 22-year-old male". Ann. Thorac. Surg. 93 (1): e11–2. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.07.064. PMC 3278770. PMID 22186482.