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=== Echo-Doppler ===
=== Echo-Doppler ===
*[[Doppler echocardiography|Echo-Doppler]] may be helpful in the diagnosis of portal hypertension. Findings on an [[Doppler echocardiography|echo-doppler]] suggestive of portal hypertension include:
*[[Doppler echocardiography|Echo-Doppler]] may be helpful in the diagnosis of portal hypertension. Findings on an [[Doppler echocardiography|echo-doppler]] suggestive of portal hypertension include:<ref name="pmid1447502">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sabbà C, Ferraioli G, Buonamico P, Berardi E, Antonica G, Taylor KJ, Albano O |title=Echo-Doppler evaluation of acute flow changes in portal hypertensive patients: flow velocity as a reliable parameter |journal=J. Hepatol. |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=356–60 |year=1992 |pmid=1447502 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
**Lack of increase in [[portal vein]] diameter in response to meals
**Lack of increase in [[portal vein]] diameter in response to meals
**Increased portal [[blood flow]] velocity
**Increased portal [[blood flow]] velocity
**Decreased [[portal vein]] cross-sectional area<ref name="pmid1447502">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sabbà C, Ferraioli G, Buonamico P, Berardi E, Antonica G, Taylor KJ, Albano O |title=Echo-Doppler evaluation of acute flow changes in portal hypertensive patients: flow velocity as a reliable parameter |journal=J. Hepatol. |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=356–60 |year=1992 |pmid=1447502 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
**Decreased [[portal vein]] cross-sectional area
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=== Color-Doppler Ultrasound ===
=== Color-Doppler Ultrasound ===
*[[Doppler ultrasonography|Color-Doppler ultrasound]] may be helpful in the diagnosis of portal hypertension. Findings on an [[Doppler ultrasonography|color-doppler ultrasound]] suggestive of portal hypertension include:<ref name="pmid11180179">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yin XY, Lu MD, Huang JF, Xie XY, Liang LJ |title=Color Doppler velocity profile assessment of portal hemodynamics in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension: correlation with esophageal variceal bleeding |journal=J Clin Ultrasound |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=7–13 |year=2001 |pmid=11180179 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
{| align="right"
|[[image:Portal vein.jpg|thumb|400px|Portal vein color-doppler ultrasonography-Case courtesy of Dr Maulik S Patel, via radiopaedia.org<ref name="https://radiopaedia.org/">Radiopaedia.org. From the case <"https://radiopaedia.org/cases/29199">rID: 29199</ref>]]
|}
*[[Doppler ultrasonography|Color-Doppler ultrasound]] may be helpful in the diagnosis of portal hypertension. Findings on an [[Doppler ultrasonography|color-doppler ultrasound]] suggestive of portal hypertension include:<ref name="pmid11180179">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yin XY, Lu MD, Huang JF, Xie XY, Liang LJ |title=Color Doppler velocity profile assessment of portal hemodynamics in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension: correlation with esophageal variceal bleeding |journal=J Clin Ultrasound |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=7–13 |year=2001 |pmid=11180179 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlPortal hypertension | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org">{{cite web |url=https://radiopaedia.org/articles/portal-hypertension |title=Portal hypertension &#124; Radiology Reference Article &#124; Radiopaedia.org |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16052688">{{cite journal| author=Li FH, Hao J, Xia JG, Li HL, Fang H| title=Hemodynamic analysis of esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis using color Doppler ultrasound. | journal=World J Gastroenterol | year= 2005 | volume= 11 | issue= 29 | pages= 4560-5 | pmid=16052688 | doi= | pmc=4398708 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16052688  }}</ref>
**Diameter and velocity in [[left gastric vein]] are significantly associated with incident of [[esophageal varices]]
**Increased diameter of [[left gastric vein]]
**Increased diameter of [[left gastric vein]]
**Increased diameter of [[portal vein]]
**Increased diameter of [[portal vein]]
**Increased flow velocity in [[left gastric vein]]
**Increased flow velocity in [[left gastric vein]]
**[[Biphasic]] and reverse flow in [[portal vein]] -- [[pathognomonic]] of portal hypertension<ref name="urlPortal hypertension | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org">{{cite web |url=https://radiopaedia.org/articles/portal-hypertension |title=Portal hypertension &#124; Radiology Reference Article &#124; Radiopaedia.org |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
**[[Biphasic]] and reverse flow in [[portal vein]] -- [[pathognomonic]] of portal hypertension
**Diameter and velocity in [[left gastric vein]] are significantly associated with incident of [[esophageal varices]]<ref name="pmid16052688">{{cite journal| author=Li FH, Hao J, Xia JG, Li HL, Fang H| title=Hemodynamic analysis of esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis using color Doppler ultrasound. | journal=World J Gastroenterol | year= 2005 | volume= 11 | issue= 29 | pages= 4560-5 | pmid=16052688 | doi= | pmc=4398708 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16052688  }}</ref>
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=== Ultrasonography ===
=== Ultrasonography ===
*[[Ultrasonography]] may be helpful in the diagnosis of portal hypertension. Findings on an [[abdominal]] [[ultrasonography]] suggestive of portal hypertension include:
{| align="right"
|[[image:Ascites11.jpg|thumb|400px|Ascites ultrasonography-Case courtesy of Dr Maulik S Patel, via radiopaedia.org<ref name="https://radiopaedia.org/">Radiopaedia.org. From the case <"https://radiopaedia.org/cases/29199">rID: 29199</ref>]]
|[[image:Splenomegaly-1.JPG|thumb|350px|Splenomegaly ultrasonography-Case courtesy of Dr Ian Bickle, via radiopaedia.org<ref name="https://radiopaedia.org/">Radiopaedia.org. From the case <"https://radiopaedia.org/cases/52825">rID: 52825</ref>]]
|}
*[[Ultrasonography]] may be helpful in the diagnosis of portal hypertension. Findings on an [[abdominal]] [[ultrasonography]] suggestive of portal hypertension include:<ref name="urlPortal hypertension | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org" />
**[[Splenomegaly]]
**[[Splenomegaly]]
**[[Ascites]]
**[[Ascites]]
**Re-canalization of [[umbilical vein]] -- [[pathognomonic]] of portal hypertension<ref name="urlPortal hypertension | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org" />
**Re-canalization of [[umbilical vein]] -- [[pathognomonic]] of portal hypertension
**Porto-systemic [[collaterals]]
**Porto-systemic [[collaterals]]
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==References==
==References==
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{{WH}}
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{{WS}}
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[[Category: Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Hepatology]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Radiology]]]]

Latest revision as of 14:17, 7 December 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]

Overview

Echo-Doppler may be helpful in the diagnosis of portal hypertension. Findings on an echo-doppler suggestive of portal hypertension include lack of increase in portal vein diameter in response to meals, increased portal blood flow velocity, and decreased portal vein cross-sectional area. Color-Doppler ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of portal hypertension. Findings on an color-doppler ultrasound suggestive of portal hypertension include increased diameter of left gastric vein, increased diameter of portal vein, and increased flow velocity in left gastric vein. Biphasic and reverse flow in portal vein along with re-canalization of umbilical vein are pathognomonic for portal hypertension.

Echocardiography/Ultrasound

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Echo-Doppler








Color-Doppler Ultrasound

Portal vein color-doppler ultrasonography-Case courtesy of Dr Maulik S Patel, via radiopaedia.org[2]









Ultrasonography

Ascites ultrasonography-Case courtesy of Dr Maulik S Patel, via radiopaedia.org[2]
Splenomegaly ultrasonography-Case courtesy of Dr Ian Bickle, via radiopaedia.org[2]











References

  1. ↑ Sabbà C, Ferraioli G, Buonamico P, Berardi E, Antonica G, Taylor KJ, Albano O (1992). "Echo-Doppler evaluation of acute flow changes in portal hypertensive patients: flow velocity as a reliable parameter". J. Hepatol. 15 (3): 356–60. PMID 1447502.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Radiopaedia.org. From the case <"https://radiopaedia.org/cases/29199">rID: 29199
  3. ↑ Yin XY, Lu MD, Huang JF, Xie XY, Liang LJ (2001). "Color Doppler velocity profile assessment of portal hemodynamics in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension: correlation with esophageal variceal bleeding". J Clin Ultrasound. 29 (1): 7–13. PMID 11180179.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Portal hypertension | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org".
  5. ↑ Li FH, Hao J, Xia JG, Li HL, Fang H (2005). "Hemodynamic analysis of esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis using color Doppler ultrasound". World J Gastroenterol. 11 (29): 4560–5. PMC 4398708. PMID 16052688.

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