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{{Emphysema}} | {{Emphysema}} | ||
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}, [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, MBBS]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com] | {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-In-Chief:''' {{MJ}}, {{CZ}}, [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, MBBS]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com] | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The terms chronic bronchitis and emphysema were formally defined at the CIBA guest symposium of physicians in 1959. Matthew Baillie illustrated an emphysematous lung in 1789 and described the destructive character of the condition | The terms chronic bronchitis and emphysema were formally defined at the CIBA guest symposium of physicians in 1959. Matthew Baillie illustrated an emphysematous lung in 1789 and described the destructive character of the condition. | ||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
* | * In 1679, Bonet for the first time described voluminous [[Lung|lungs]]. | ||
* In 1769, Giovanni Morgagni described nineteen cases | * In 1721, Ruysh described enlarged [[lung]] airspaces in emphysema. | ||
* [[Matthew Baillie]] illustrated an emphysematous lung | * In 1769, Giovanni Morgagni described nineteen cases in which the [[Lung|lungs]] were “turgid” particularly from air. | ||
* | * In 1789, [[Matthew Baillie]] illustrated an emphysematous [[lung]] and described the destructive character of the condition. | ||
* In 1842, | * In 1837, René Laennec, the physician who invented the [[stethoscope]], used the term "emphysema" in his book ''A Treatise on the Diseases of the Chest and of Mediate Auscultation'' to describe [[Lung|lungs]] that did not collapse when he opened the chest during an [[autopsy]]. He noted that they did not collapse as usual because they were full of air and the airways were filled with mucus.<ref name="pmid18046898">{{cite journal |author=Petty TL |title=The history of COPD |journal=Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=3–14 |year=2006 |pmid=18046898 |pmc=2706597}}</ref> | ||
* Tiffeneau | * In 1842, John Hutchinson invented the [[spirometer]], which allowed the measurement of the [[vital capacity]] of the lungs. However, his [[spirometer]] could only measure volume, not airflow.<ref name="pmid15849329">{{cite journal |author=Fishman AP |title=One hundred years of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |journal=Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. |volume=171 |issue=9 |pages=941–8 |year=2005 |month=May |pmid=15849329 |doi=10.1164/rccm.200412-1685OE}}</ref> | ||
* | * In 1944, Ronald Christie defined the diagnosis for emphysema based on [[dyspnea]] on exertion, after exclusion of [[bronchospasm]], or left [[Congestive heart failure|ventricular failure]]. | ||
* In 1947, Tiffeneau and Pinelli, and in 1950 and 1951, Gaensler described the principles of measuring airflow. | |||
* in 1952, Gough explained the [[pathology]] of emphysema. | |||
* In 1956, Barach and Bickerman described treatment for emphysema in their comprehensive textbook. | |||
* In 1959, the terms chronic bronchitis and emphysema were formally defined at the CIBA guest symposium of physicians. | |||
* In 1962, American Thoracic Society Committee on Diagnostic Standards defined the components of COPD and this definition is the foundation of COPD description today. | |||
* In 1964, Gross produced destruction of [[Pulmonary alveolus|alveoli]] and hyperinflation, by injection of [[Pancreas|pancreatic]] extracts (papain) into the airways of guinea pigs. | |||
* In 1967, Reid described the [[pathology]] of emphysema and other components of COPD. | |||
* In 1976, Thurlbeck illustrated the various types of emphysema in his book. | |||
* In 2003, Choe used [[methylprednisolone]] to produce emphysema in rats. They conclude that systemic [[methylprednisolone]] increases the activity of matrix [[Metalloproteinase|metalloproteinases]] in the lung and causes emphysema. <ref name="pmid12522028">{{cite journal |vauthors=Choe KH, Taraseviciene-Stewart L, Scerbavicius R, Gera L, Tuder RM, Voelkel NF |title=Methylprednisolone causes matrix metalloproteinase-dependent emphysema in adult rats |journal=Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. |volume=167 |issue=11 |pages=1516–21 |year=2003 |pmid=12522028 |doi=10.1164/rccm.200210-1207OC |url=}}</ref> | |||
* In 2004, GOLD offered a new classification of the severity of COPD. <ref name="urlGlobal Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease - Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease - GOLD">{{cite web |url=http://goldcopd.org/ |title=Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease - Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease - GOLD |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
* In 2005, Voelkel and Taraseviciene-Stewart offered emphysema as an [[Autoimmunity|autoimmune]] [[vascular]] disease. <ref name="pmid16113465">{{cite journal |vauthors=Voelkel N, Taraseviciene-Stewart L |title=Emphysema: an autoimmune vascular disease? |journal=Proc Am Thorac Soc |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=23–5 |year=2005 |pmid=16113465 |doi=10.1513/pats.200405-033MS |url=}}</ref> | |||
== Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies == | |||
* In 1956, Barach and Bickerman described treatment for emphysema in their comprehensive textbook. | |||
* In 1980, for treatment of COPD patients, a clinical trial was performed and the use of nocturnal [[oxygen therapy]] for emphysema proved. <ref name="pmid6776858">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title=Continuous or nocturnal oxygen therapy in hypoxemic chronic obstructive lung disease: a clinical trial. Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy Trial Group |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=93 |issue=3 |pages=391–8 |year=1980 |pmid=6776858 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
* In 1998, Paggiaro performed a multicentre clinical trial of [[Corticosteroid|corticosteroids]] for emphysema treatment.<ref name="pmid9519948">{{cite journal |vauthors=Paggiaro PL, Dahle R, Bakran I, Frith L, Hollingworth K, Efthimiou J |title=Multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial of inhaled fluticasone propionate in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. International COPD Study Group |journal=Lancet |volume=351 |issue=9105 |pages=773–80 |year=1998 |pmid=9519948 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
Below table is a summery of emphysema historical prospective: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!Year | |||
!Investigator | |||
!Landmark event | |||
|- | |||
|1679 | |||
|Bonet | |||
|Voluminous [[Lung|lungs]] | |||
|- | |||
|1721 | |||
|Ruysh | |||
|Emphysema is enlarged [[lung]] spaces | |||
|- | |||
|1769 | |||
|Giovanni Morgagni | |||
| Nineteen cases of air filled lungs | |||
|- | |||
|1789 | |||
|[[Matthew Baillie]] | |||
|Destructive character of emphysema | |||
|- | |||
|1837 | |||
|René Laennec | |||
|Hyper-resonant [[Lung|lungs]] with his invented [[stethoscope]] | |||
|- | |||
|1842 | |||
|John Hutchinson | |||
|[[Spirometry]] invention for measurement of the vital capacity of the lungs | |||
|- | |||
|1944 | |||
|Ronald Christie | |||
|Clinical definition of emphysema | |||
|- | |||
|1947 | |||
|Tiffeneau and Pinelli | |||
|Measuring the air flow in [[spirometry]] | |||
|- | |||
|1952 | |||
|Gough | |||
|Emphysema pathology description | |||
|- | |||
|1956 | |||
|Barach and Bickerman | |||
|First description for treatment of emphysema | |||
|- | |||
|1959 | |||
|CIBA guest symposium of physicians | |||
|The terms [[chronic bronchitis]] and emphysema were formally defined | |||
|- | |||
|1962 | |||
|American Thoracic Society Committee on Diagnostic Standards | |||
|Defined the components of COPD | |||
|- | |||
|1967 | |||
|Reid | |||
|Described the pathology of emphysema and other components of COPD | |||
|- | |||
|1976 | |||
|Thurlbeck | |||
|Illustrated the various types of emphysema | |||
|- | |||
|1980 | |||
|[[Oxygen]] therapy trial | |||
|Use of nocturnal [[oxygen]] therapy for emphysema is beneficial | |||
|- | |||
|1998 | |||
|Paggiaro | |||
|[[Corticosteroid|Corticosteroids]] for emphysema treatment | |||
|- | |||
|2004 | |||
|GOLD criteria | |||
|New classification of the severity of COPD | |||
|- | |||
|2005 | |||
|Voelkel and Taraseviciene-Stewart | |||
|Emphysema as an [[Autoimmune disease|autoimmune]] [[vascular]] disease | |||
|} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 15:00, 11 November 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Mehrian Jafarizade, M.D [2], Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3], Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [4]
Overview
The terms chronic bronchitis and emphysema were formally defined at the CIBA guest symposium of physicians in 1959. Matthew Baillie illustrated an emphysematous lung in 1789 and described the destructive character of the condition.
Historical Perspective
- In 1679, Bonet for the first time described voluminous lungs.
- In 1721, Ruysh described enlarged lung airspaces in emphysema.
- In 1769, Giovanni Morgagni described nineteen cases in which the lungs were “turgid” particularly from air.
- In 1789, Matthew Baillie illustrated an emphysematous lung and described the destructive character of the condition.
- In 1837, René Laennec, the physician who invented the stethoscope, used the term "emphysema" in his book A Treatise on the Diseases of the Chest and of Mediate Auscultation to describe lungs that did not collapse when he opened the chest during an autopsy. He noted that they did not collapse as usual because they were full of air and the airways were filled with mucus.[1]
- In 1842, John Hutchinson invented the spirometer, which allowed the measurement of the vital capacity of the lungs. However, his spirometer could only measure volume, not airflow.[2]
- In 1944, Ronald Christie defined the diagnosis for emphysema based on dyspnea on exertion, after exclusion of bronchospasm, or left ventricular failure.
- In 1947, Tiffeneau and Pinelli, and in 1950 and 1951, Gaensler described the principles of measuring airflow.
- in 1952, Gough explained the pathology of emphysema.
- In 1956, Barach and Bickerman described treatment for emphysema in their comprehensive textbook.
- In 1959, the terms chronic bronchitis and emphysema were formally defined at the CIBA guest symposium of physicians.
- In 1962, American Thoracic Society Committee on Diagnostic Standards defined the components of COPD and this definition is the foundation of COPD description today.
- In 1964, Gross produced destruction of alveoli and hyperinflation, by injection of pancreatic extracts (papain) into the airways of guinea pigs.
- In 1967, Reid described the pathology of emphysema and other components of COPD.
- In 1976, Thurlbeck illustrated the various types of emphysema in his book.
- In 2003, Choe used methylprednisolone to produce emphysema in rats. They conclude that systemic methylprednisolone increases the activity of matrix metalloproteinases in the lung and causes emphysema. [3]
- In 2004, GOLD offered a new classification of the severity of COPD. [4]
- In 2005, Voelkel and Taraseviciene-Stewart offered emphysema as an autoimmune vascular disease. [5]
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- In 1956, Barach and Bickerman described treatment for emphysema in their comprehensive textbook.
- In 1980, for treatment of COPD patients, a clinical trial was performed and the use of nocturnal oxygen therapy for emphysema proved. [6]
- In 1998, Paggiaro performed a multicentre clinical trial of corticosteroids for emphysema treatment.[7]
Below table is a summery of emphysema historical prospective:
| Year | Investigator | Landmark event |
|---|---|---|
| 1679 | Bonet | Voluminous lungs |
| 1721 | Ruysh | Emphysema is enlarged lung spaces |
| 1769 | Giovanni Morgagni | Nineteen cases of air filled lungs |
| 1789 | Matthew Baillie | Destructive character of emphysema |
| 1837 | René Laennec | Hyper-resonant lungs with his invented stethoscope |
| 1842 | John Hutchinson | Spirometry invention for measurement of the vital capacity of the lungs |
| 1944 | Ronald Christie | Clinical definition of emphysema |
| 1947 | Tiffeneau and Pinelli | Measuring the air flow in spirometry |
| 1952 | Gough | Emphysema pathology description |
| 1956 | Barach and Bickerman | First description for treatment of emphysema |
| 1959 | CIBA guest symposium of physicians | The terms chronic bronchitis and emphysema were formally defined |
| 1962 | American Thoracic Society Committee on Diagnostic Standards | Defined the components of COPD |
| 1967 | Reid | Described the pathology of emphysema and other components of COPD |
| 1976 | Thurlbeck | Illustrated the various types of emphysema |
| 1980 | Oxygen therapy trial | Use of nocturnal oxygen therapy for emphysema is beneficial |
| 1998 | Paggiaro | Corticosteroids for emphysema treatment |
| 2004 | GOLD criteria | New classification of the severity of COPD |
| 2005 | Voelkel and Taraseviciene-Stewart | Emphysema as an autoimmune vascular disease |
References
- ↑ Petty TL (2006). "The history of COPD". Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 1 (1): 3–14. PMC 2706597. PMID 18046898.
- ↑ Fishman AP (2005). "One hundred years of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 171 (9): 941–8. doi:10.1164/rccm.200412-1685OE. PMID 15849329. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Choe KH, Taraseviciene-Stewart L, Scerbavicius R, Gera L, Tuder RM, Voelkel NF (2003). "Methylprednisolone causes matrix metalloproteinase-dependent emphysema in adult rats". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 167 (11): 1516–21. doi:10.1164/rccm.200210-1207OC. PMID 12522028.
- ↑ "Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease - Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease - GOLD".
- ↑ Voelkel N, Taraseviciene-Stewart L (2005). "Emphysema: an autoimmune vascular disease?". Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2 (1): 23–5. doi:10.1513/pats.200405-033MS. PMID 16113465.
- ↑ "Continuous or nocturnal oxygen therapy in hypoxemic chronic obstructive lung disease: a clinical trial. Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy Trial Group". Ann. Intern. Med. 93 (3): 391–8. 1980. PMID 6776858.
- ↑ Paggiaro PL, Dahle R, Bakran I, Frith L, Hollingworth K, Efthimiou J (1998). "Multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial of inhaled fluticasone propionate in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. International COPD Study Group". Lancet. 351 (9105): 773–80. PMID 9519948.