Constipation historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Constipation}} | {{Constipation}} | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{EG}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The Egyptian [[Ebers Papyrus|Ebers papyrus]], from 16th century BC is the first book that presented a basic description for constipation. [[Ebers papyrus]] defined constipation as [[intoxication]] of body with hazardous agents from [[feces]] in [[bowels]]. In early 1900s, all-bran products were first introduced to prevent and treat auto-[[Intoxication|intoxicated]] [[patients]] due to constipation. In 1970s and 1980s, Denis Burkitt, an English [[surgeon]], claimed the [[hypothesis]] about [[dietary]] fibers followed by the definition of '''''"The Commonest Western disease"'''''. | |||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
* The Egyptian Ebers papyrus, from 16th century BC, is the first book that presented a basic description for constipation. | <div style="align:center;"> | ||
* In 18th century, the personal physician of Louis XV in France, presented a similar definition as | {{family tree/start}} | ||
{{family tree| | | | |,| A01 | | |A01='''''16th century BC'''''<br>'''The Egyptian [[Ebers Papyrus|Ebers papyrus]]'''<br>First definition of constipation as [[intoxication]] of body toxins from [[feces]] in [[bowels]]}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | |!| |:| | | |}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | |!| |:| | | |}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | |)| B01 | | |B01='''''18th century'''''<br>'''Personal [[physician]] of Louis XV in France'''<br> Defined constipation as [[blood]] pollution by [[toxins]] released from remaining wastes in the [[intestines]]}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | |!| |:| | | |}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | |)| C01 | | |C01='''''Beginning of 19th century'''''<br> '''[[Physicians]]'''<br> Believed constipation as a [[disease]] of civilization and urban population}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | |!| |!| | | |}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | |)| D01 | | |D01='''''1850s'''''<br> '''An American health manual'''<br> Revealed that "daily emptying the [[bowels]] is of the utmost importance in being [[healthy]]"}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | |!| |!| | | |}} | |||
{{family tree| | E01 |+| E02 | | |E01='''Disease perspective'''|E02='''''1906'''''<br>'''Charles Bouchard, a French [[physician]]'''<br>Proposed the "'''''auto-[[intoxication]] theory'''''"}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | |!| |!| | | |}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | |)| F01 | | |F01='''''1923'''''<br>'''William Walsh, an American [[physician]]'''<br>Mentioned that not all the symptoms are related to [[poisons]] released from [[feces]] remaining in bowel}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | |!| |!| | | |}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | |)| G01 | | |G01='''''1924'''''<br>'''Arbuthnot Lane, a British [[physician]]'''<br>Pointed out “'''''the whiter your bread, the sooner you're dead'''''”}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | |!| |!| | | |}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | |)| H01 | | |H01='''''1928'''''<br>'''Charles Campbell, an American [[physician]]'''<br>Postulated that wastes remaining in [[colon]] are decomposing and may make the body full of [[poisons]]}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | |!| |!| | | |}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | |`| I01 | | |I01='''''1928'''''<br>'''Victor Paucher, a French [[internist]]'''<br> Suggested that stasis of [[feces]] in [[bowels]] creates "Sewer-like blood"}} | |||
{{family tree/end}} | |||
</div> | |||
<br> | |||
* The Egyptian [[Ebers Papyrus|Ebers papyrus]], from 16th century BC, is the first book that presented a basic description for constipation. [[Ebers papyrus]] defined constipation as [[intoxication]] of body with hazardous agents from [[feces]] in [[bowels]].<ref>{{Citation | author1=Ebbell, B. (Bendix), 1865- | title=The Papyrus Ebers : the greatest Egyptian medical document | publication-date=1937 | publisher=Levin & Munksgaard | url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/26409288 | accessdate=14 November 2017}}</ref> | |||
* In 18th century, the personal [[physician]] of Louis XV in France, presented a similar definition as [[Ebers papyrus]]. He mentioned the constipation as [[blood]] pollution with released [[toxins]] from remained wastes in the [[intestines]].<ref>{{Citation | |||
| title=Synopsis of the universal practice of medicine [electronic resource] : exhibiting a concise view of all diseases, both internal and external : illustrated with complete commentaries / by Joseph Lieutaud ; translated from the Latin by Edwin A. Atlee | | title=Synopsis of the universal practice of medicine [electronic resource] : exhibiting a concise view of all diseases, both internal and external : illustrated with complete commentaries / by Joseph Lieutaud ; translated from the Latin by Edwin A. Atlee | ||
| author1=Lieutaud, Joseph, 1703-1780 | | author1=Lieutaud, Joseph, 1703-1780 | ||
| Line 15: | Line 39: | ||
| language=English | | language=English | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
* In the beginning of 19th century, [[physicians]] believed that constipation was a [[disease]] of civilization and urban population was mostly involved with constipation.<ref name="pmid11124189">{{cite journal| author=Whorton J| title=Civilisation and the colon: constipation as the "disease of diseases". | journal=BMJ | year= 2000 | volume= 321 | issue= 7276 | pages= 1586-9 | pmid=11124189 | doi= | pmc=1119264 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11124189 }}</ref> | |||
* In 1850s, an American health manual revealed that "daily emptying the [[bowels]] is of the utmost importance in being [[healthy]]". Daily [[bowel]] movement was also suggested to prevent derangement and disturbance in body.<ref>{{Citation | |||
| title=People's medical lighthouse; a series of popular and scientific essays. | |||
| author1=Root, Harmon Knox | |||
| year=1854 | |||
| publisher=New York, Ranney | |||
| language=English | |||
}}</ref> | |||
* In 1906, Charles Bouchard, a French [[physician]] proposed the "'''''auto-[[intoxication]] theory'''''", constipated person is continuously trying to commit [[suicide]] by auto-[[intoxication]] with [[toxins]] which are produced by [[feces]] remaining in his [[intestine]].<ref>{{Citation | |||
| title=Lectures on Auto-Intoxication in Disease: Or, Self-Poisoning of the Individual | |||
| author1=Bouchard, Charles | |||
| year=1906 | |||
| publisher=Philadelphia, F. A. Davis Company | |||
| language=English | |||
}}</ref> | |||
* In 1923, William Walsh, an American [[physician]], mentioned that not all the symptoms and severity of constipation are related to [[poisons]] released from [[feces]] remaining in [[bowels]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Conquest of Constipation.|journal=JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association|volume=81|issue=2|year=1923|pages=158|issn=0098-7484|doi=10.1001/jama.1923.02650020076035}}</ref> | |||
* In 1924, Arbuthnot Lane, a British [[physician]], pointed out the relation between [[colon cancer]] and constipation. Lane presented that “'''''the whiter your bread, the sooner you're dead'''''”.<ref name="pmid20766844" /> | |||
* In 1928, Charles Campbell, an American [[physician]], postulated that wastes remaining in [[colon]] are decomposing and may make the body full of [[poisons]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Lazy Colon. Newer Methods and Latest Advances of Science in the Treatment of Constipation.|journal=JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association|volume=90|issue=26|year=1928|pages=2134|issn=0098-7484|doi=10.1001/jama.1928.02690530062033}}</ref> | |||
* In 1928, Victor Paucher, a French [[internist]], suggested that stasis of [[feces]] in [[bowels]] make [[poisons]] secreted into [[blood]] and creates "Sewer-like blood".<ref>{{Citation | |||
| title=The trainers bible | |||
| author1=Bilik, Samuel Ernest | |||
| year=1928 | |||
| publisher=New York city, Athletic trainers supply Co. | |||
| language=English | |||
}}</ref> | |||
== Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies == | |||
{{family tree/start}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | | A01 | | |A01='''1900'''}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | | |!| | | | |,| A01 | |A01='''All-bran products''' were first introduced for the [[Prevention|prevention]] and treatment of auto-[[intoxication]] due to constipation}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | | |)|-| B01 |(| | | | |B01='''''Early 1900s''''' }} | |||
{{family tree| | | | | |!| | | | |`| C01 | |C01='''Yeasts''' introduced in the yogurt were also postulated to prevent the constipation and following auto-[[intoxication]]}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | | |!| | | | |,| A01 | |A01=Arbuthnot Lane, a British [[physician]], introduced '''[[Phenolphthalein]]''' as a strong [[laxative]] for children}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | | |)|-| D01 |(| | | | |D01='''''1913'''''}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | | |!| | | | |`| A01 | |A01=Arbuthnot Lane also revealed that maintaining the normal human '''"drainage scheme"''' is the primary treatment for constipation}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | | |)|-| E01 |-| E02 | |E01='''''1981'''''|E02=Denis Burkitt an English [[surgeon]], claimed the [[hypothesis]] about [[dietary]] fibers followed by the definition of '''''"The Commonest Western disease"'''''}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}} | |||
{{family tree| | | | | B01 | | |B01='''2000'''}} | |||
{{family tree/end}} | |||
<br> | |||
* In early 1900s, all-bran products were first introduced for the [[Prevention|prevention]] and treatment of auto-[[Intoxication]] due to constipation.<ref name="pmid11124189" /> | |||
* In early 1900s, yeasts were also postulated to prevent the constipation and the auto-[[intoxication]] that follows, when introduced in the yogurt.<ref name="pmid11124189" /> | |||
* In 1913, [[Phenolphthalein]] was introduced as a strong [[laxative]] for children. [[Phenolphthalein]] quickly became the best [[laxative]].<ref name="pmid20766844">{{cite journal| author=Lane WA| title=An Address ON CHRONIC INTESTINAL STASIS: Delivered at the North-East London Post-Graduate College. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1913 | volume= 2 | issue= 2757 | pages= 1125-8 | pmid=20766844 | doi= | pmc=2346322 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20766844 }}</ref> | |||
* From 1900 to 1920, Arbuthnot Lane, a British [[physician]], revealed that maintaining the normal human "drainage scheme" is the primary treatment for constipation.<ref name="pmid20766844" /> | |||
* In 1970s and 1980s, Denis Burkitt an English [[surgeon]], claimed the [[hypothesis]] about [[dietary]] fibers followed by the definition of '''''"The Commonest Western disease"'''''.<ref>{{cite book | last = Burkitt | first = D. P. | title = Western diseases, their emergence and prevention | publisher = Harvard University Press | location = Cambridge, Mass | year = 1981 | isbn = 978-0674950207 }}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
Latest revision as of 21:07, 29 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]
Overview
The Egyptian Ebers papyrus, from 16th century BC is the first book that presented a basic description for constipation. Ebers papyrus defined constipation as intoxication of body with hazardous agents from feces in bowels. In early 1900s, all-bran products were first introduced to prevent and treat auto-intoxicated patients due to constipation. In 1970s and 1980s, Denis Burkitt, an English surgeon, claimed the hypothesis about dietary fibers followed by the definition of "The Commonest Western disease".
Historical Perspective
| 16th century BC The Egyptian Ebers papyrus First definition of constipation as intoxication of body toxins from feces in bowels | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 18th century Personal physician of Louis XV in France Defined constipation as blood pollution by toxins released from remaining wastes in the intestines | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning of 19th century Physicians Believed constipation as a disease of civilization and urban population | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 1850s An American health manual Revealed that "daily emptying the bowels is of the utmost importance in being healthy" | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Disease perspective | 1906 Charles Bouchard, a French physician Proposed the "auto-intoxication theory" | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 1923 William Walsh, an American physician Mentioned that not all the symptoms are related to poisons released from feces remaining in bowel | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 1924 Arbuthnot Lane, a British physician Pointed out “the whiter your bread, the sooner you're dead” | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 1928 Charles Campbell, an American physician Postulated that wastes remaining in colon are decomposing and may make the body full of poisons | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 1928 Victor Paucher, a French internist Suggested that stasis of feces in bowels creates "Sewer-like blood" | |||||||||||||||||||||
- The Egyptian Ebers papyrus, from 16th century BC, is the first book that presented a basic description for constipation. Ebers papyrus defined constipation as intoxication of body with hazardous agents from feces in bowels.[1]
- In 18th century, the personal physician of Louis XV in France, presented a similar definition as Ebers papyrus. He mentioned the constipation as blood pollution with released toxins from remained wastes in the intestines.[2]
- In the beginning of 19th century, physicians believed that constipation was a disease of civilization and urban population was mostly involved with constipation.[3]
- In 1850s, an American health manual revealed that "daily emptying the bowels is of the utmost importance in being healthy". Daily bowel movement was also suggested to prevent derangement and disturbance in body.[4]
- In 1906, Charles Bouchard, a French physician proposed the "auto-intoxication theory", constipated person is continuously trying to commit suicide by auto-intoxication with toxins which are produced by feces remaining in his intestine.[5]
- In 1923, William Walsh, an American physician, mentioned that not all the symptoms and severity of constipation are related to poisons released from feces remaining in bowels.[6]
- In 1924, Arbuthnot Lane, a British physician, pointed out the relation between colon cancer and constipation. Lane presented that “the whiter your bread, the sooner you're dead”.[7]
- In 1928, Charles Campbell, an American physician, postulated that wastes remaining in colon are decomposing and may make the body full of poisons.[8]
- In 1928, Victor Paucher, a French internist, suggested that stasis of feces in bowels make poisons secreted into blood and creates "Sewer-like blood".[9]
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
| 1900 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All-bran products were first introduced for the prevention and treatment of auto-intoxication due to constipation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Early 1900s | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yeasts introduced in the yogurt were also postulated to prevent the constipation and following auto-intoxication | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Arbuthnot Lane, a British physician, introduced Phenolphthalein as a strong laxative for children | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1913 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Arbuthnot Lane also revealed that maintaining the normal human "drainage scheme" is the primary treatment for constipation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1981 | Denis Burkitt an English surgeon, claimed the hypothesis about dietary fibers followed by the definition of "The Commonest Western disease" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- In early 1900s, all-bran products were first introduced for the prevention and treatment of auto-Intoxication due to constipation.[3]
- In early 1900s, yeasts were also postulated to prevent the constipation and the auto-intoxication that follows, when introduced in the yogurt.[3]
- In 1913, Phenolphthalein was introduced as a strong laxative for children. Phenolphthalein quickly became the best laxative.[7]
- From 1900 to 1920, Arbuthnot Lane, a British physician, revealed that maintaining the normal human "drainage scheme" is the primary treatment for constipation.[7]
- In 1970s and 1980s, Denis Burkitt an English surgeon, claimed the hypothesis about dietary fibers followed by the definition of "The Commonest Western disease".[10]
References
- ↑ Ebbell, B. (Bendix), 1865- (1937), The Papyrus Ebers : the greatest Egyptian medical document, Levin & Munksgaard, retrieved 14 November 2017
- ↑ Lieutaud, Joseph, 1703-1780; Atlee, Edwin Augustus, 1776-1852 (1816), Synopsis of the universal practice of medicine [electronic resource] : exhibiting a concise view of all diseases, both internal and external : illustrated with complete commentaries / by Joseph Lieutaud ; translated from the Latin by Edwin A. Atlee, Edward and Richard Parker
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Whorton J (2000). "Civilisation and the colon: constipation as the "disease of diseases"". BMJ. 321 (7276): 1586–9. PMC 1119264. PMID 11124189.
- ↑ Root, Harmon Knox (1854), People's medical lighthouse; a series of popular and scientific essays., New York, Ranney
- ↑ Bouchard, Charles (1906), Lectures on Auto-Intoxication in Disease: Or, Self-Poisoning of the Individual, Philadelphia, F. A. Davis Company
- ↑ "The Conquest of Constipation". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 81 (2): 158. 1923. doi:10.1001/jama.1923.02650020076035. ISSN 0098-7484.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Lane WA (1913). "An Address ON CHRONIC INTESTINAL STASIS: Delivered at the North-East London Post-Graduate College". Br Med J. 2 (2757): 1125–8. PMC 2346322. PMID 20766844.
- ↑ "The Lazy Colon. Newer Methods and Latest Advances of Science in the Treatment of Constipation". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 90 (26): 2134. 1928. doi:10.1001/jama.1928.02690530062033. ISSN 0098-7484.
- ↑ Bilik, Samuel Ernest (1928), The trainers bible, New York city, Athletic trainers supply Co.
- ↑ Burkitt, D. P. (1981). Western diseases, their emergence and prevention. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674950207.