Gastrointestinal stromal tumor physical examination: Difference between revisions
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{{Gastrointestinal stromal tumor}} | {{Gastrointestinal stromal tumor}} | ||
{{CMG}};{{AE}}{{Akshun}} | |||
==Overview== | |||
Common [[physical examination]] findings of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) include [[abdominal distension]] and palpable [[abdominal mass]]. [[Patient|Patients]] with severe and longstanding GIST can present with [[Medical sign|signs]] of [[Abdomen|abdominal]] [[perforation]] and [[peritonitis]] such as [[abdominal tenderness]], rigidity and [[Abdominal guarding|guarding]]. Other findings include those from [[tumor]] [[rupture]] and [[blood]] loss such as [[low blood pressure]], [[tachycardia]], and [[dyspnea]]. | |||
==Physical Examination== | |||
[[Physical examination]] of [[Patient|patients]] with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) is usually positive for [[abdominal distension]] and palpable [[abdominal mass]]. Other findings include:<ref name="pmid18193130">{{cite journal |vauthors=Szanto P, Barbus A, Al Hajjar N, Zaharia T, Manciula D |title=Gastric stromal tumor: a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding |journal=J Gastrointestin Liver Dis |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=441–3 |year=2007 |pmid=18193130 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21489899">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sandvik OM, Søreide K, Kvaløy JT, Gudlaugsson E, Søreide JA |title=Epidemiology of gastrointestinal stromal tumours: single-institution experience and clinical presentation over three decades |journal=Cancer Epidemiol |volume=35 |issue=6 |pages=515–20 |year=2011 |pmid=21489899 |doi=10.1016/j.canep.2011.03.002 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15743318">{{cite journal |vauthors=Motegi A, Sakurai S, Nakayama H, Sano T, Oyama T, Nakajima T |title=PKC theta, a novel immunohistochemical marker for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), especially useful for identifying KIT-negative tumors |journal=Pathol. Int. |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=106–12 |year=2005 |pmid=15743318 |doi=10.1111/j.1440-1827.2005.01806.x |url=}}</ref> | |||
===Appearance of the Patient=== | |||
*[[Patient|Patients]] with GIST usually appear fatigued. | |||
===Vital Signs=== | |||
*[[Low-grade fever]] | |||
*[[Hypothermia]] may be present | |||
*[[Tachycardia]] with regular pulse | |||
*[[Tachypnea]] | |||
*[[Low blood pressure]] | |||
===Skin=== | |||
*[[Jaundice]] (seen in obstructive [[Duodenum|duodenal]] GIST) | |||
* [[Pallor]] (seen with [[Abdomen|abdominal]] [[bleeding]]) | |||
===HEENT=== | |||
* [[Icterus|Icteric sclera]] (seen in obstructive [[duodenal]] GIST) | |||
===Neck=== | |||
*[[Lymphadenopathy]] (rare) | |||
===Abdomen=== | |||
*[[Abdominal distention]] | |||
*Succussion splash ([[gastric outlet obstruction]] with GIST in [[pylorus]]) | |||
*[[Shifting dullness]] ([[intraperitoneal]] [[rupture]] of large GIST with [[hemoperitoneum]]) | |||
*Palpable [[abdominal mass]] (location depends upon the site of GIST) | |||
*Severe cases may have [[abdominal]] perforation with signs of [[peritonitis]] such as: | |||
**[[Abdominal tenderness]] | |||
**Rigidity | |||
**[[Abdominal guarding|Guarding]] | |||
===Extremities=== | |||
*[[Pitting edema]] of the lower [[extremities]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 04:14, 4 March 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Akshun Kalia M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
Common physical examination findings of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) include abdominal distension and palpable abdominal mass. Patients with severe and longstanding GIST can present with signs of abdominal perforation and peritonitis such as abdominal tenderness, rigidity and guarding. Other findings include those from tumor rupture and blood loss such as low blood pressure, tachycardia, and dyspnea.
Physical Examination
Physical examination of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) is usually positive for abdominal distension and palpable abdominal mass. Other findings include:[1][2][3]
Appearance of the Patient
- Patients with GIST usually appear fatigued.
Vital Signs
- Low-grade fever
- Hypothermia may be present
- Tachycardia with regular pulse
- Tachypnea
- Low blood pressure
Skin
HEENT
- Icteric sclera (seen in obstructive duodenal GIST)
Neck
- Lymphadenopathy (rare)
Abdomen
- Abdominal distention
- Succussion splash (gastric outlet obstruction with GIST in pylorus)
- Shifting dullness (intraperitoneal rupture of large GIST with hemoperitoneum)
- Palpable abdominal mass (location depends upon the site of GIST)
- Severe cases may have abdominal perforation with signs of peritonitis such as:
- Abdominal tenderness
- Rigidity
- Guarding
Extremities
- Pitting edema of the lower extremities
References
- ↑ Szanto P, Barbus A, Al Hajjar N, Zaharia T, Manciula D (2007). "Gastric stromal tumor: a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding". J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 16 (4): 441–3. PMID 18193130.
- ↑ Sandvik OM, Søreide K, Kvaløy JT, Gudlaugsson E, Søreide JA (2011). "Epidemiology of gastrointestinal stromal tumours: single-institution experience and clinical presentation over three decades". Cancer Epidemiol. 35 (6): 515–20. doi:10.1016/j.canep.2011.03.002. PMID 21489899.
- ↑ Motegi A, Sakurai S, Nakayama H, Sano T, Oyama T, Nakajima T (2005). "PKC theta, a novel immunohistochemical marker for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), especially useful for identifying KIT-negative tumors". Pathol. Int. 55 (3): 106–12. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1827.2005.01806.x. PMID 15743318.