Myelofibrosis CT: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Myelofibrosis}} | {{Myelofibrosis}} | ||
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{ | {{CMG}}{{AE}}{{Sab}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of myelofibrosis. Findings on CT scan suggestive of myelofibrosis include [[ | [[Computed tomography|CT scan]] may be helpful in the [[diagnosis]] of [[myelofibrosis]]. Findings on [[Computed tomography|CT scan]] suggestive of [[myelofibrosis]] include [[diffuse]] [[bone]] [[sclerosis]]. | ||
==CT== | ==CT== | ||
*CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of myelofibrosis.<ref name= | *[[Computed tomography|CT scan]] may be helpful in the [[diagnosis]] of [[myelofibrosis]]. | ||
*Findings | *Findings on [[Computed tomography|CT scan]] suggestive of [[myelofibrosis]] can be divided into: | ||
===Skeletal CT Findings=== | |||
*[[Diffuse]] [[osteosclerosis]]<ref name="pmid10460376">{{cite journal |vauthors=Guermazi A, de Kerviler E, Cazals-Hatem D, Zagdanski AM, Frija J |title=Imaging findings in patients with myelofibrosis |journal=Eur Radiol |volume=9 |issue=7 |pages=1366–75 |date=1999 |pmid=10460376 |doi=10.1007/s003300050850 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Sandwich [[Vertebra|vertebrae]] (increased [[radiodensity]] or condensation of [[bone]] at the [[superior]] and inferior margins of the [[Vertebra|vertebral]] body) | |||
===Head CT Findings=== | |||
*Irregular, lobulated, high [[density]], interhemispheric masses that extend along the [[falx cerebri]] and containing areas of lower [[attenuation]] [[Central|centrally]].<ref name="pmid1868657">{{cite journal |vauthors=Urman M, O'Sullivan RA, Nugent RA, Lentle BC |title=Intracranial extramedullary hematopoiesis. CT and bone marrow scan findings |journal=Clin Nucl Med |volume=16 |issue=6 |pages=431–4 |date=June 1991 |pmid=1868657 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Bilateral]] high [[density]] [[Tentorium|tentorial]] thickening | |||
===Chest CT Findings=== | |||
*[[Lung|Pulmonary]] [[Extramedullary hematopoiesis|extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH)]] manifesting as: | |||
:*Atypical [[diffuse]] groundglass [[Opacity (optics)|opacity]]<ref name="pmid27883206">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yang M, Roarke M |title=Diffuse pulmonary extramedullary hematopoiesis in myelofibrosis diagnosed with technetium-99m sulfur colloid bone marrow scintigraphy and single photon emission computerized tomography/CT |journal=Am. J. Hematol. |volume=92 |issue=3 |pages=323–324 |date=March 2017 |pmid=27883206 |doi=10.1002/ajh.24616 |url=}}</ref> | |||
:*[[Lung|Pulmonary]] [[Nodule (medicine)|nodules]] | |||
:*[[Interstitial]] thickening | |||
:*Multiple [[soft tissue]] [[Mass|masses]] in [[bilateral]] [[Chest|thoracic]] [[Cavity|cavities]]<ref name="pmid26881631">{{cite journal |vauthors=Qiu D, Hu X, Xu L, Guo X |title=Extramedullary hematopoiesis on 18F-FDG PET/CT in a patient with thalassemia and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A case report and literature review |journal=J Cancer Res Ther |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=1034 |date=2015 |pmid=26881631 |doi=10.4103/0973-1482.150359 |url=}}</ref> | |||
== | ===Abdominal CT Findings=== | ||
< | *[[Thrombus]] formation in the [[Viscus|visceral]] [[Circulatory system|vasculature]]<ref name="pmid29631428">{{cite journal |vauthors=Magyari F, Bedekovics J, Décsy J, Ilonczai P, Illés Á, Simon Z |title=[Investigation and treatment of prefibrotic/early primary myelofibrosis. A case study] |language=Hungarian |journal=Orv Hetil |volume=159 |issue=15 |pages=603–609 |date=April 2018 |pmid=29631428 |doi=10.1556/650.2018.30995 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2925932">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kobayashi A, Sugihara M, Kurosaki M, Ishida Y, Takayanagi N, Matsui O, Takashima T |title=CT characteristics of intrahepatic, periportal, extramedullary hematopoiesis |journal=J Comput Assist Tomogr |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=354–6 |date=1989 |pmid=2925932 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3472774">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zirinsky K, Auh YH, Rubenstein WA, Morrison HS, Sherman SJ, Kazam E |title=Computed tomography appearance of adrenal vein thrombosis |journal=J Comput Tomogr |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=216–8 |date=April 1987 |pmid=3472774 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[Bilateral]] [[Kidney|renal]] enlargement (as a result of [[extramedullary hematopoiesis]])<ref name="pmid28895103">{{cite journal |vauthors=Imai K, Aoi T, Kitai H, Endo N, Fujino M, Ichida S |title=A case of perirenal extramedullary hematopoiesis in a patient with primary myelofibrosis |journal=CEN Case Rep |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=194–199 |date=November 2017 |pmid=28895103 |pmc=5694411 |doi=10.1007/s13730-017-0274-1 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24929265">{{cite journal |vauthors=Orphanidou-Vlachou E, Tziakouri-Shiakalli C, Georgiades CS |title=Extramedullary hemopoiesis |journal=Semin. Ultrasound CT MR |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=255–62 |date=June 2014 |pmid=24929265 |doi=10.1053/j.sult.2013.12.001 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22101909">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ginzel AW, Kransdorf MJ, Peterson JJ, Garner HW, Murphey MD |title=Mass-like extramedullary hematopoiesis: imaging features |journal=Skeletal Radiol. |volume=41 |issue=8 |pages=911–6 |date=August 2012 |pmid=22101909 |doi=10.1007/s00256-011-1323-z |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16215320">{{cite journal |vauthors=La Fianza A, Torretta L, Spinazzola A |title=Extramedullary hematopoiesis in chronic myelofibrosis encasing the pelvicaliceal system and perirenal spaces: CT findings |journal=Urol. Int. |volume=75 |issue=3 |pages=281–4 |date=2005 |pmid=16215320 |doi=10.1159/000087809 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Bilateral]] [[adrenal gland]] enlargement (as a result of [[extramedullary hematopoiesis]])<ref name="pmid3819139">{{cite journal |vauthors=King BF, Kopecky KK, Baker MK, Clark SA |title=Extramedullary hematopoiesis in the adrenal glands: CT characteristics |journal=J Comput Assist Tomogr |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=342–3 |date=1987 |pmid=3819139 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Splenomegaly]]<ref name="pmid27349913">{{cite journal |vauthors=Song MK, Chung JS, Lim SN, Lee GW, Lee SM, Lee NK, Choi JC, Oh SY |title=Usefulness of spleen volume measured by computed tomography for predicting clinical outcome in primary myelofibrosis |journal=Int. J. Hematol. |volume=104 |issue=4 |pages=476–84 |date=October 2016 |pmid=27349913 |doi=10.1007/s12185-016-2050-y |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24929265">{{cite journal |vauthors=Orphanidou-Vlachou E, Tziakouri-Shiakalli C, Georgiades CS |title=Extramedullary hemopoiesis |journal=Semin. Ultrasound CT MR |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=255–62 |date=June 2014 |pmid=24929265 |doi=10.1053/j.sult.2013.12.001 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16642932">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ito A, Umeda M, Koike T, Naruse S, Fujita N |title=[A case of dermatomyositis associated with chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis] |language=Japanese |journal=Rinsho Shinkeigaku |volume=46 |issue=3 |pages=210–3 |date=March 2006 |pmid=16642932 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2925932">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kobayashi A, Sugihara M, Kurosaki M, Ishida Y, Takayanagi N, Matsui O, Takashima T |title=CT characteristics of intrahepatic, periportal, extramedullary hematopoiesis |journal=J Comput Assist Tomogr |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=354–6 |date=1989 |pmid=2925932 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Hepatomegaly]]<ref name="pmid24929265">{{cite journal |vauthors=Orphanidou-Vlachou E, Tziakouri-Shiakalli C, Georgiades CS |title=Extramedullary hemopoiesis |journal=Semin. Ultrasound CT MR |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=255–62 |date=June 2014 |pmid=24929265 |doi=10.1053/j.sult.2013.12.001 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22470696">{{cite journal |vauthors=La Fianza A, van der Byl G, Maccabelli G, Torretta L, Calliada F |title=CT and MR findings in extramedullary haematopoiesis with biliary system encasement: a case report |journal=J Radiol Case Rep |volume=4 |issue=11 |pages=1–8 |date=2010 |pmid=22470696 |pmc=3303353 |doi=10.3941/jrcr.v4i11.462 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10983698">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kwak HS, Lee JM |title=CT findings of extramedullary hematopoiesis in the thorax, liver and kidneys, in a patient with idiopathic myelofibrosis |journal=J. Korean Med. Sci. |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=460–2 |date=August 2000 |pmid=10983698 |pmc=3054659 |doi=10.3346/jkms.2000.15.4.460 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2925932">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kobayashi A, Sugihara M, Kurosaki M, Ishida Y, Takayanagi N, Matsui O, Takashima T |title=CT characteristics of intrahepatic, periportal, extramedullary hematopoiesis |journal=J Comput Assist Tomogr |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=354–6 |date=1989 |pmid=2925932 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Ascites]]<ref name="pmid2925932">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kobayashi A, Sugihara M, Kurosaki M, Ishida Y, Takayanagi N, Matsui O, Takashima T |title=CT characteristics of intrahepatic, periportal, extramedullary hematopoiesis |journal=J Comput Assist Tomogr |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=354–6 |date=1989 |pmid=2925932 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
==CT Images== | |||
[[image:Myelofibrosis CT.jpg|300px|left|thumb|Axial bone CT image demonstrating diffuse bone sclerosis. [https://radiopaedia.org/cases/myelofibrosis?lang=us Source: Case courtesy of Radswiki, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 11649]]] | |||
[[image:Myelofibrosis CT 2.jpg|300px|center|thumb|Abdominal CT image demonstrating hepatosplenomegaly (Arrow heads) and diffuse bone sclerosis (Arrows). [https://radiopaedia.org/cases/myelofibrosis-massive-splenomegaly-with-infarct-1?lang=us Source: Case courtesy of Dr Henry Knipe, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 53374]]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
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[[Category:Neurology]] | [[Category:Neurology]] | ||
[[Category:Neurosurgery]] | [[Category:Neurosurgery]] | ||
[[Category:Radiology]] | |||
[[Category:Hematology]] | |||
Latest revision as of 17:59, 4 February 2019
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Myelofibrosis CT On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Myelofibrosis CT |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sabawoon Mirwais, M.B.B.S, M.D.[2]
Overview
CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of myelofibrosis. Findings on CT scan suggestive of myelofibrosis include diffuse bone sclerosis.
CT
- CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of myelofibrosis.
- Findings on CT scan suggestive of myelofibrosis can be divided into:
Skeletal CT Findings
- Diffuse osteosclerosis[1]
- Sandwich vertebrae (increased radiodensity or condensation of bone at the superior and inferior margins of the vertebral body)
Head CT Findings
- Irregular, lobulated, high density, interhemispheric masses that extend along the falx cerebri and containing areas of lower attenuation centrally.[2]
- Bilateral high density tentorial thickening
Chest CT Findings
- Pulmonary extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) manifesting as:
Abdominal CT Findings
- Thrombus formation in the visceral vasculature[5][6][7]
- Bilateral renal enlargement (as a result of extramedullary hematopoiesis)[8][9][10][11]
- Bilateral adrenal gland enlargement (as a result of extramedullary hematopoiesis)[12]
- Splenomegaly[13][9][14][6]
- Hepatomegaly[9][15][16][6]
- Ascites[6]
CT Images
References
- ↑ Guermazi A, de Kerviler E, Cazals-Hatem D, Zagdanski AM, Frija J (1999). "Imaging findings in patients with myelofibrosis". Eur Radiol. 9 (7): 1366–75. doi:10.1007/s003300050850. PMID 10460376.
- ↑ Urman M, O'Sullivan RA, Nugent RA, Lentle BC (June 1991). "Intracranial extramedullary hematopoiesis. CT and bone marrow scan findings". Clin Nucl Med. 16 (6): 431–4. PMID 1868657.
- ↑ Yang M, Roarke M (March 2017). "Diffuse pulmonary extramedullary hematopoiesis in myelofibrosis diagnosed with technetium-99m sulfur colloid bone marrow scintigraphy and single photon emission computerized tomography/CT". Am. J. Hematol. 92 (3): 323–324. doi:10.1002/ajh.24616. PMID 27883206.
- ↑ Qiu D, Hu X, Xu L, Guo X (2015). "Extramedullary hematopoiesis on 18F-FDG PET/CT in a patient with thalassemia and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A case report and literature review". J Cancer Res Ther. 11 (4): 1034. doi:10.4103/0973-1482.150359. PMID 26881631.
- ↑ Magyari F, Bedekovics J, Décsy J, Ilonczai P, Illés Á, Simon Z (April 2018). "[Investigation and treatment of prefibrotic/early primary myelofibrosis. A case study]". Orv Hetil (in Hungarian). 159 (15): 603–609. doi:10.1556/650.2018.30995. PMID 29631428.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Kobayashi A, Sugihara M, Kurosaki M, Ishida Y, Takayanagi N, Matsui O, Takashima T (1989). "CT characteristics of intrahepatic, periportal, extramedullary hematopoiesis". J Comput Assist Tomogr. 13 (2): 354–6. PMID 2925932.
- ↑ Zirinsky K, Auh YH, Rubenstein WA, Morrison HS, Sherman SJ, Kazam E (April 1987). "Computed tomography appearance of adrenal vein thrombosis". J Comput Tomogr. 11 (2): 216–8. PMID 3472774.
- ↑ Imai K, Aoi T, Kitai H, Endo N, Fujino M, Ichida S (November 2017). "A case of perirenal extramedullary hematopoiesis in a patient with primary myelofibrosis". CEN Case Rep. 6 (2): 194–199. doi:10.1007/s13730-017-0274-1. PMC 5694411. PMID 28895103.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Orphanidou-Vlachou E, Tziakouri-Shiakalli C, Georgiades CS (June 2014). "Extramedullary hemopoiesis". Semin. Ultrasound CT MR. 35 (3): 255–62. doi:10.1053/j.sult.2013.12.001. PMID 24929265.
- ↑ Ginzel AW, Kransdorf MJ, Peterson JJ, Garner HW, Murphey MD (August 2012). "Mass-like extramedullary hematopoiesis: imaging features". Skeletal Radiol. 41 (8): 911–6. doi:10.1007/s00256-011-1323-z. PMID 22101909.
- ↑ La Fianza A, Torretta L, Spinazzola A (2005). "Extramedullary hematopoiesis in chronic myelofibrosis encasing the pelvicaliceal system and perirenal spaces: CT findings". Urol. Int. 75 (3): 281–4. doi:10.1159/000087809. PMID 16215320.
- ↑ King BF, Kopecky KK, Baker MK, Clark SA (1987). "Extramedullary hematopoiesis in the adrenal glands: CT characteristics". J Comput Assist Tomogr. 11 (2): 342–3. PMID 3819139.
- ↑ Song MK, Chung JS, Lim SN, Lee GW, Lee SM, Lee NK, Choi JC, Oh SY (October 2016). "Usefulness of spleen volume measured by computed tomography for predicting clinical outcome in primary myelofibrosis". Int. J. Hematol. 104 (4): 476–84. doi:10.1007/s12185-016-2050-y. PMID 27349913.
- ↑ Ito A, Umeda M, Koike T, Naruse S, Fujita N (March 2006). "[A case of dermatomyositis associated with chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis]". Rinsho Shinkeigaku (in Japanese). 46 (3): 210–3. PMID 16642932.
- ↑ La Fianza A, van der Byl G, Maccabelli G, Torretta L, Calliada F (2010). "CT and MR findings in extramedullary haematopoiesis with biliary system encasement: a case report". J Radiol Case Rep. 4 (11): 1–8. doi:10.3941/jrcr.v4i11.462. PMC 3303353. PMID 22470696.
- ↑ Kwak HS, Lee JM (August 2000). "CT findings of extramedullary hematopoiesis in the thorax, liver and kidneys, in a patient with idiopathic myelofibrosis". J. Korean Med. Sci. 15 (4): 460–2. doi:10.3346/jkms.2000.15.4.460. PMC 3054659. PMID 10983698.