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| <span style="font-size:85%">'''Abbreviations:'''
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| '''[[RUQ]]'''= Right upper quadrant of the abdomen, '''LUQ'''= Left upper quadrant, '''LLQ'''= Left lower quadrant, '''RLQ'''= Right lower quadrant, '''LFT'''= Liver function test, SIRS= [[Systemic inflammatory response syndrome]], '''[[ERCP]]'''= [[Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography]], '''IV'''= Intravenous, '''N'''= Normal, '''AMA'''= Anti mitochondrial antibodies, '''[[LDH]]'''= [[Lactate dehydrogenase]], '''GI'''= Gastrointestinal, '''CXR'''= Chest X ray, '''IgA'''= [[Immunoglobulin A]], '''IgG'''= [[Immunoglobulin G]], '''IgM'''= [[Immunoglobulin M]], '''CT'''= [[Computed tomography]], '''[[PMN]]'''= Polymorphonuclear cells, '''[[ESR]]'''= [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]], '''[[CRP]]'''= [[C-reactive protein]], TS= [[Transferrin saturation]], SF= Serum [[Ferritin]], SMA= [[Superior mesenteric artery]], SMV= [[Superior mesenteric vein]], ECG= [[Electrocardiogram]]</span>
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| {| align="center"
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| |-
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| {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
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| ! colspan="3" rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Classification of pain in the abdomen based on etiology
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| ! rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Disease
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| | colspan="10" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Clinical manifestations'''
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| ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diagnosis
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| ! rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Comments
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| |-
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| | colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Symptoms'''
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| ! colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" | Signs
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| |-
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| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal Pain
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| ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" | Fever
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| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Rigors and chills
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| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Jaundice
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| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
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| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI Bleed
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| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hypo-
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| tension
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| ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" | Guarding
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| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Rebound Tenderness
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| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bowel sounds
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| ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" | Lab Findings
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| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Imaging
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="47" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal causes
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| ! colspan="1" rowspan="34" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | Inflammatory causes
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| ! rowspan="9" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Pancreato-biliary disorders
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| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | Acute suppurative cholangitis
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[RUQ]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
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| * Abnormal [[LFT]]
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| * WBC >10,000
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Ultrasound shows [[biliary]] dilatation/stents/tumor
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Septic shock occurs with features of [[SIRS]]
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| |-
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| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | [[Cholangitis|Acute cholangitis]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | [[RUQ]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
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| * Abnormal [[LFT]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Ultrasound shows [[biliary]] dilatation/stents/tumor
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Biliary drainage ([[Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography|ERCP]]) + IV antibiotics
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| |-
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| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | [[Acute cholecystitis|Acute cholecystitis]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | [[RUQ]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hypoactive
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
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| * [[Hyperbilirubinemia]]
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| * [[Leukocytosis]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Ultrasound shows gallstone and evidence of inflammation
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Murphy's sign|Murphy’s sign]]
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| |-
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| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | [[Acute pancreatitis]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | [[Epigastric]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
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| * Increased [[amylase]] / [[lipase]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
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| * Ultrasound shows evidence of [[inflammation]]
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| * CT scan shows severity of pancreatitis
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Pain radiation to back
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| |-
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| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Chronic pancreatitis]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Epigastric]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
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| * Increased [[amylase]] / [[lipase]]
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| * Stool fat content
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|
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| * Pancreatic function test
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |CT scan
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| * Calcification
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| * Pseudocyst
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| * Dilation of main pancreatic duct
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Predisposes to pancreatic cancer
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| |-
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Pancreatic carcinoma]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Epigastric]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
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| * ↑ [[Alkaline phosphatase]]
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| * ↑ [[Bilirubin|serum bilirubin]]
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| * ↑ [[gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase]]
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| * ↑ [[CA 19-9]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
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| * [[Computed tomography|MDCT]] with [[Positron emission tomography|PET]]/[[Computed tomography|CT]]
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| * MRI
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
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| [[Skin]] manifestations may include:
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| * [[Bullous pemphigoid]]
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| * [[Mucous membrane pemphigoid|Cicatricial pemphigoid]]
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| * [[Thrombophlebitis|Migratory superficial thrombophlebitis]] (classic [[Trousseau's syndrome]])
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| * [[Panniculitis|Pancreatic panniculitis]]
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| |-
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| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[RUQ]]/[[Epigastric]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + in late presentation
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
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| * Increased AMA level, abnormal [[LFTs]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
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| |-
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| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[RUQ]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
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| * Increased liver enzymes
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| * Increased [[IgM]], [[IgG]]4
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| * [[Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody]] ([[p-ANCA]])
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| * [[Anti-nuclear antibody]] ([[ANA]])
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| * [[Anti-smooth muscle antibody]] (Anti-Sm)
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| * Anti-endothelial antibody
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| * Anti-cardiolipin antibody
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |ERCP and MRCP shows
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| * Multiple segmental [[strictures]]
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| * Mural irregularities
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| * [[Biliary]] dilatation and diverticula
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| * Distortion of biliary tree
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |The risk of [[cholangiocarcinoma]] in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis is 400 times higher than the risk in the general population.
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| |-
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| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cholelithiasis]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[RUQ]]/[[Epigastric]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N to hyperactive for dislodged stone
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
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| * [[Leukocytosis]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Ultrasound shows [[gallstone]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Fatty food intolerance
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| |-
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| ! colspan="1" rowspan="7" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | Gastric causes
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| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | [[Peptic Ulcer Disease|Peptic ulcer disease]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Diffuse
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| |
| * Gastric ulcer- [[melena]] and [[hematemesis]]
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| * Duodenal ulcer- [[melena]] and [[hematochezia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + in perforated
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
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| * Ascitic fluid
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| ** [[LDH]] > serum [[LDH]]
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| ** Glucose < 50mg/dl
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| ** Total protein > 1g/dl
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Air under [[diaphragm]] in upright [[CXR]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Upper GI [[endoscopy]] for diagnosis
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Gastritis|Gastritis]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Epigastric]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + in chronic gastritis
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[H.pylori infection diagnostic tests]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Endoscopy]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[H.pylori gastritis guideline recommendation]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease|Gastroesophageal reflux disease]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Epigastric]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Esophageal]] [[manometry]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Gastric emptying studies
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Endoscopy]] for alarm signs
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Gastric outlet obstruction|Gastric outlet obstruction]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Epigastric]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hyperactive
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Complete blood count]]
| |
| * [[Basic metabolic panel]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Abdominal x-ray]]- air fluid level
| |
| * Barium upper GI studies- narrowed pylorus
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Succussion splash
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Gastroparesis
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Epigastric
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Hyperactive/hypoactive
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Hemoglobin
| |
| *Fasting plasma glucose
| |
| *Serum total protein, albumin, thyrotropin (TSH), and an antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer
| |
| *HbA1c
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Scintigraphic gastric emptying
| |
| |style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Succussion splash
| |
| *Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
| |
| *Full thickness gastric and small intestinal biopsy
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Gastrointestinal perforation]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Diffuse
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +, depends on site
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hyperactive/hypoactive
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * WBC> 10,000
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Air under [[diaphragm]] in upright [[CXR]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Hamman's sign]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Dumping syndrome]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Lower and then diffuse
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hyperactive
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Glucose challenge test
| |
| * Hydrogen breath test
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Upper GI series
| |
| * Gastric emptying study
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Postgastrectomy
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="10" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Intestinal causes
| |
| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Acute appendicitis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Starts in [[epigastrium]], migrates to RLQ
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +in pyogenic appendicitis
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + in perforated appendicitis
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hypoactive
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Leukocytosis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Ultrasound shows evidence of [[inflammation]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Nausea and vomiting|Nausea & vomiting]], [[decreased appetite]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Diverticulitis|Acute diverticulitis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |LLQ
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | [[Hematochezia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + in perforated diverticulitis
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hypoactive
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Leukocytosis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |CT scan and ultrasound shows evidence of inflammation
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |History of [[constipation]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Diffuse
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | [[Hematochezia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N/ Hyperactive
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody]] ([[P-ANCA]]) in [[Ulcerative colitis]]
| |
| * [[Anti saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies]] (ASCA) in [[Crohn's disease]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[String sign]] on [[abdominal x-ray]] in [[Crohn's disease]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| Extra intestinal findings:
| |
| * [[Uveitis]]
| |
| * [[Arthritis]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Irritable bowel syndrome]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Diffuse
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Tests done to exclude other diseases as it diagnosis of exclusion
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Tests done to exclude other diseases as it diagnosis of exclusion
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Symptomatic treatment
| |
| * High [[dietary fiber]]
| |
|
| |
| * [[Osmotic]] [[laxatives]]
| |
| * [[Antispasmodic]] drugs
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Whipple's disease]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Diffuse
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Thrombocytopenia]]
| |
| * [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
| |
| * [[Small intestinal]] [[biopsy]] for [[Tropheryma whipplei]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Whipple's disease other diagnostic studies|Endoscopy]] is used to confirm diagnosis.
| |
| Images used to find complications
| |
| *[[Whipple's disease x ray|Chest and joint x-ray]]
| |
| *[[Whipple's disease CT|CT]]
| |
| *[[Whipple's disease MRI|MRI]]
| |
| *[[Whipple's disease ultrasound|Echocardiography]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Extra intestinal findings:
| |
| * [[Uveitis]]
| |
| * [[Endocarditis]]
| |
| * [[Encephalitis]]
| |
| * [[Dementia]]
| |
| * [[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
| |
| * [[Arthritis]]
| |
| * [[Ascites]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Toxic megacolon]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Diffuse
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hypoactive
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Anemia]]
| |
| *[[Leukocytosis]] especially in patients with [[Clostridium difficile infection|''Clostridium difficile'' infection]]
| |
| *[[Hypoalbuminemia]]
| |
| *[[Metabolic alkalosis]] associated with a poor [[prognosis]]
| |
| *[[Metabolic acidosis]] secondary to [[ischemic colitis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |CT scan shows:
| |
| *Dilated [[transverse colon]]
| |
| *Loss of colonic haustrations
| |
| *Segmental parietal thinning
| |
| *[[Intraluminal]] soft-tissue masses
| |
| [[Ultrasound]] shows:
| |
| *Loss of haustra coli of the colon
| |
| *Hypoechoic and thickened bowel walls with irregular internal margins in the [[sigmoid]] and descending colon
| |
| *Prominent dilation of the transverse colon (>6 cm)
| |
|
| |
| * Insignificant dilation of ileal bowel loops (diameter >18 mm) with increased intraluminal gas and fluid
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Tropical sprue]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Diffuse
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Fat soluble vitamin deficiency
| |
| * [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
| |
| * Fecal stool test
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Barium studies show dilation and edema of mucosal folds
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Steatorrhea]]- 10-40 g/day (Normal=5 g/day)
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Celiac disease]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Diffuse
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hyperactive
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[IgA]] endomysial antibody
| |
| * [[IgA]] [[tissue transglutaminase]] antibody
| |
| * [[Anti-gliadin antibodies|Anti-gliadin antibody]]
| |
| * Small bowel biopsy
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |USG
| |
| * Bull’s eye or target pattern
| |
| * Pseudokidney sign
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Gluten allergy
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Infective colitis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Diffuse
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hematochezia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + in fulminant colitis
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hyperactive
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Stool culture]] and studies
| |
| * Shiga toxin in bloody diarrhea
| |
| * [[PCR]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |CT scan
| |
| * Bowel wall thickening
| |
| * Edema
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Colon carcinoma
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Diffuse/localized
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Normal
| |
| * Hyperactive if obstruction present
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * CBC
| |
| * Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Colonoscopy
| |
| * Flexible sigmoidoscopy
| |
| * Barium enema
| |
| * CT colonography
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |PILLCAM 2: A colon capsule for CRC screening may be used in patients with an incomplete colonoscopy who lacks obstruction
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="7" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Hepatic causes
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Hepatitis|Viral hepatitis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[RUQ]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + in Hep A and E
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + in fulminant hepatitis
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +in acute
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Abnormal LFTs
| |
| * Viral serology
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |USG
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hep A and E have fecoral route of transmission and Hep B and C transmits via blood transfusion and sexual contact.
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Liver mass|Liver masses]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[RUQ]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + in [[Liver abscess]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + in [[Hepatocellular carcinoma]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + in sepsis
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + in [[Liver abscess]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + in [[Liver abscess]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * CBC
| |
| * LFTs
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |USG
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Liver abscess]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |RUQ
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal/hypoactive
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * CBC
| |
| * Blood cultures
| |
| * Abnormal [[Liver function test|liver function tests]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * US
| |
| * CT
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Hepatocellular carcinoma]]/Metastasis
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |RUQ
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Normal
| |
| * Hyperactive if obstruction present
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * High levels of [[Alpha-fetoprotein|AFP]] in serum
| |
| * Abnormal [[Liver function test|liver function tests]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * US
| |
| * CT
| |
| * Liver biopsy
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| Other symptoms:
| |
| * [[Splenomegaly]]
| |
| * [[Variceal bleeding]]
| |
| * [[Ascites]]
| |
| * [[Spider nevi]]
| |
| * [[Asterixis]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Budd-Chiari syndrome|Budd-Chiari syndrome]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[RUQ]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + in liver failure leading to varices
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Elevated [[Aspartate aminotransferase|serum aspartate aminotransferase]] and [[alanine aminotransferase]] levels may be more than five times the upper limit of the normal range.
| |
| *Elevated serum [[alkaline phosphatase]] and [[Bilirubin|bilirubin levels]], decreased [[Albumin|serum albumin level]].
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Findings on [[CT scan]] suggestive of Budd-Chiari syndrome include:
| |
| *Early enhancement of the [[caudate lobe]] and [[central liver]] around the [[Inferior vena cavae|inferior vena cava]]
| |
| *Delayed enhancement of the peripheral [[liver]] with accompanying central low density (flip-flop appearance)
| |
| *Peripheral zones of the [[liver]] show reversed [[portal]] [[venous]] [[blood flow]]
| |
| *In the [[chronic]] phase, there is [[caudate lobe]] enlargement and [[atrophy]] of the [[Liver|peripheral liver]] in affected areas
| |
| |}
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Ascitic tap|Ascitic fluid examination]] shows:
| |
| *[[Total protein]] more than 2.5 g per deciliter
| |
| *[[White blood cells]] are usually less than 500/μL.
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Hemochromatosis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |RUQ
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + in cirrhotic patients
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * >60% TS
| |
| * >240 μg/L SF
| |
| * Raised LFT <br>Hyperglycemia
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Ultrasound shows evidence of cirrhosis
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Extra intestinal findings:
| |
| * Hyperpigmentation
| |
| * Diabetes mellitus
| |
| * Arthralgia
| |
| * Impotence in males
| |
| * Cardiomyopathy
| |
| * Atherosclerosis
| |
| * Hypopituitarism
| |
| * Hypothyroidism
| |
| * Extrahepatic cancer
| |
| * Prone to specific infections
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cirrhosis|Cirrhosis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[RUQ]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[varices]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
| |
| * Prolonged PT
| |
| * Abnormal LFTs
| |
| * [[Hyponatremia]]
| |
| * [[Thrombocytopenia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |USG
| |
| * Nodular, shrunken liver
| |
| * [[Ascites]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Stigmata of liver disease
| |
| * Cruveilhier- Baumgarten murmur
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | Peritoneal causes
| |
| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Diffuse
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + in cirrhotic patients
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hypoactive
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Ascitic fluid [[PMN]]>250 cells/mm<small>³</small>
| |
|
| |
| * Culture: Positive for single organism
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Ultrasound for evaluation of liver cirrhosis
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Renal causes
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Pyelonephritis
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Lumbar region
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Hypoactive
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Urinalysis
| |
| * Urine culture
| |
| * Blood culture
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * CT
| |
| * MRI
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| *Renal punch positive
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Renal colic]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Flank pain]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Hematuria]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |CT scan and ultrasound
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * Colicky [[abdominal pain]]
| |
| * [[Dysuria]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" | Hollow Viscous Obstruction
| |
| | colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Small intestine obstruction
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Diffuse
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hyperactive then absent
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Leukocytosis]] with left shift indicates complications
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Abdominal X-ray|Abdominal X ray]]
| |
| * dilated loops of bowel with air fluid levels
| |
| * gasless abdonen
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * "Target sign"– , indicative of intussusception
| |
| * Venous cut-off sign" – suggests thrombosis
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Volvulus]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Diffuse
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +in perforated cases
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +in perforated cases
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hyperactive then absent
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Leukocytosis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |CT scan and [[Abdominal x-ray|abdominal X ray]]
| |
| * U shaped sigmoid colon
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |"Whirl sign"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Biliary colic]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |RUQ
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Increased [[bilirubin]] and [[alkaline phosphatase]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Ultrasound
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Nausea and vomiting|Nausea & vomiting]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="4" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Vascular Disorders
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Ischemic causes
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Mesenteric ischemia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Periumbilical
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + if bowel becomes gangrenous
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hematochezia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + if bowel becomes gangrenous
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + if bowel becomes gangrenous
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hyperactive to absent
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Leukocytosis]] and [[lactic acidosis]]
| |
| * [[Amylase]] levels
| |
| * [[D-dimer]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |CT angiography
| |
| * SMA or SMV thrombosis
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Also known as abdominal angina, worsens with eating
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Ischemic colitis|Acute ischemic colitis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Diffuse
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Massive
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Hyperactive then absent
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Leukocytosis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Abdominal x-ray]]
| |
| * Distension and pneumatosis
| |
| CT scan
| |
| * Double halo appearance, thumbprinting
| |
| * Thickening of bowel
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Can lead to shock
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Hemorrhagic causes
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Diffuse
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Herald to massive
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[Fibrinogen]]
| |
| * [[D-dimer]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST)
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Unstable hemodynamics
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Intra-abdominal or [[retroperitoneal hemorrhage]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Diffuse
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Massive
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Anemia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |CT scan
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |History of [[trauma]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="4" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Gynaecological Causes
| |
| ! rowspan="3" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Tubal causes
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Torsion of the cyst
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |RLQ / LLQ
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |−
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Increased [[ESR]] and [[CRP]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Ultrasound
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Sudden onset & severe pain with [[nausea and vomiting]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Salpingitis|Acute salpingitis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |RLQ / LLQ
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Leukocytosis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Pelvic ultrasound]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Vaginal discharge]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Cyst rupture
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |RLQ / LLQ
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Increased [[ESR]] and [[CRP]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Ultrasound
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Sudden onset sever pain with [[nausea and vomiting]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Pregnancy
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Ruptured [[ectopic pregnancy]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |RLQ / LLQ
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Positive [[pregnancy test]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Ultrasound
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |History of missed period and [[vaginal bleeding]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra-abdominal causes
| |
| ! rowspan="3" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Pulmonary disorders
| |
| | colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Pleural empyema]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[RUQ]]/[[Epigastric]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Thoracentesis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Chest X-ray]]
| |
| * Pleural opacity
| |
| USG
| |
| * Localization of effusion
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Physical examination
| |
| * Crackles
| |
| * [[Egophony]]
| |
| * Increased [[tactile fremitus]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Pulmonary embolism
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |RUQ/LUQ
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * ABGs
| |
| * D-dimer
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * CXR
| |
| * V/Q scan
| |
| * Spiral [[CT pulmonary angiogram]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Pneumonia
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |RUQ/LUQ
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N/Hypoactive
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * ABGs
| |
| * Eosinophilia
| |
| * Pancytopenia
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| |
| * CXR
| |
| * CT chest
| |
| * Bronchoscopy
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Cardiovascular disorders
| |
| | colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Myocardial Infarction]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Epigastric]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + in cardiogenic shock
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | −
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |N
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| |
| * [[ECG]]
| |
| * [[Cardiac enzymes]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Echocardiogram]]
| |
| * Wall motion abnormality
| |
| * Wall rupture
| |
| * Septal rupture
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Complications:
| |
| * [[Arrythmias]]
| |
| * [[Mitral regurgitation]]
| |
| * Ventricular wall rupture
| |
| * Septal rupture
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| {|
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| [[Image:Right_upper_quadrant.PNG|link=Right upper quadrant abdominal pain resident survival guide|339x339px]]
| |
| |
| |
| [[Image:Epigastric_quadrant_pain.PNG|link=Epigastric pain resident survival guide|179x179px]]
| |
| |
| |
| [[Image:Left_upper_quadrant.PNG|link=Left upper quadrant abdominal pain resident survival guide|329x329px]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| [[Image:Right_flank_quadrant.PNG|link=Right flank pain resident survival guide|338x338px]]
| |
| |
| |
| [[Image:Umbilical_pain.PNG|link=Umbilical region pain resident survival guide|165x165px]]
| |
| |
| |
| [[Image:Left_flank_quadrant.PNG|link=Left flank quadrant abdominal pain resident survival guide|335x335px]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| [[Image:Right_lower_quadrant.PNG|link=Right lower quadrant abdominal pain resident survival guide|338x338px]]
| |
| |
| |
| [[Image:Hypogastric.PNG|link=Hypogastric pain resident survival guide|199x199px]]
| |
| |
| |
| [[Image:Left_lower_quadrant.PNG|link=Left lower quadrant abdominal pain resident survival guide|335x335px]]
| |
| |}
| |