Ischemic colitis causes: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Ischemic colitis}} | {{Ischemic colitis}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{HQ | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{HQ}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Causes of | Causes of reduced blood flow leading to ischemic colitis include changes in the systemic circulation such as [[hypotension|low blood pressure]] (hypotension) or local factors such as [[vasoconstriction|constriction of blood vessels]], a [[blood clot]], or drugs. In most cases, no specific cause can be identified. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
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*Ischemic colitis is often classified according to the underlying cause. | *Ischemic colitis is often classified according to the underlying cause. | ||
**Non-occlusive ischemia develops because of [[low blood pressure]] or constriction of the vessels supplying blood to the colon | **Non-occlusive [[ischemia]] develops because of [[low blood pressure]] or constriction of the [[Blood vessel|vessels]] supplying [[blood]] to the [[Colon (anatomy)|colon]]. | ||
**Occlusive ischemia indicates that a [[blood clot]] or other blockage has cut off blood flow to the [[colon]]. | **[[Thromboembolism|Occlusive]] [[ischemia]] indicates that a [[blood clot]] or other blockage has cut off [[blood]] flow to the [[colon]]. | ||
===Non-occlusive Ischemia=== | ===Non-occlusive Ischemia=== | ||
* In | * In [[Hemodynamics|hemodynamically]] unstable patients the [[mesenteric]] perfusion can be compromised. | ||
===Occlusive Ischemia=== | ===Occlusive Ischemia=== | ||
*Obstructive atherosclerotic disease | *[[Cardiovascular disease|Obstructive]] [[Atherosclerosis|atherosclerotic]] disease | ||
**[[Superior mesenteric artery]] occlusion | |||
* [[Thromboembolism]] | |||
* [[Thromboembolism]] | |||
** Most commonly the [[embolism]] is due to [[atrial fibrillation]] | |||
** [[Valvular heart disease]] including [[endocarditis]] | |||
** [[Myocardial infarction]] | |||
** [[Cardiomyopathy]] | |||
*[[Hernia]] | *[[Hernia]] | ||
*[[Tumor]] | *[[Tumor]] | ||
===Drugs=== | ===Drugs=== | ||
The following drugs cause vasoconstriction which may compromise blood supply to the colon. | |||
*[[Alosetron]] | *[[Alosetron]] | ||
*[[Cilansetron]] | *[[Cilansetron]] | ||
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{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category: | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | |||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | |||
[[Category:Medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hamid Qazi, MD, BSc [2]
Overview
Causes of reduced blood flow leading to ischemic colitis include changes in the systemic circulation such as low blood pressure (hypotension) or local factors such as constriction of blood vessels, a blood clot, or drugs. In most cases, no specific cause can be identified.
Causes
The causes of ischemic colitis are as follows:[1][2][3]
- Ischemic colitis is often classified according to the underlying cause.
- Non-occlusive ischemia develops because of low blood pressure or constriction of the vessels supplying blood to the colon.
- Occlusive ischemia indicates that a blood clot or other blockage has cut off blood flow to the colon.
Non-occlusive Ischemia
- In hemodynamically unstable patients the mesenteric perfusion can be compromised.
Occlusive Ischemia
- Obstructive atherosclerotic disease
- Superior mesenteric artery occlusion
- Thromboembolism
- Most commonly the embolism is due to atrial fibrillation
- Valvular heart disease including endocarditis
- Myocardial infarction
- Cardiomyopathy
Drugs
The following drugs cause vasoconstriction which may compromise blood supply to the colon.
- Alosetron
- Cilansetron
- Interferon alfacon-1
- Pegylated interferon alfa-2b
- Ramosetron
- Vasopressors
- Ergotamine
References
- ↑ Hass, David J.; Kozuch, Patricia; Brandt, Lawrence J. (2007). "Pharmacologically Mediated Colon Ischemia". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 102 (8): 1765–1780. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01260.x. ISSN 0002-9270.
- ↑ Theodoropoulou, Αngeliki; Κoutroubakis, Ioannis E (2008). "Ischemic colitis: Clinical practice in diagnosis and treatment". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 14 (48): 7302. doi:10.3748/wjg.14.7302. ISSN 1007-9327.
- ↑ Feldman: Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, 7th ed., 2002 Saunders, p. 2332.