Anal fistula classification: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Anal fistula]] are classified into four types based on the relationship to [[sphincter]]- intersphincteric, transsphincteric, suprasphincteric, extrasphincteric. [[Anal fistula]] are classified into two categories based on the [[risk factors]] associated- simple anal fistula and complex anal fistula. Anal fistulas are also classified according to primary tracks into two- high and low anal fistulas. | |||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
[[Anal fistulas|Anal]] [[fistulas]] are classified into the four types based on the relationship to [[sphincter]]:<ref name="pmid1267867">{{cite journal |vauthors=Parks AG, Gordon PH, Hardcastle JD |title=A classification of fistula-in-ano |journal=Br J Surg |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=1–12 |year=1976 |pmid=1267867 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1555083">{{cite journal |vauthors=Seow-Choen F, Nicholls RJ |title=Anal fistula |journal=Br J Surg |volume=79 |issue=3 |pages=197–205 |year=1992 |pmid=1555083 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Intersphincteric | |||
*Transsphincteric | |||
*Suprasphincteric | |||
*Extrasphincteric | |||
[[Anal fistulas]] are classified into two categories based on the [[risk factors]] associated: | |||
*Simple [[anal fistula]]:<ref name="pmid8076487">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sangwan YP, Rosen L, Riether RD, Stasik JJ, Sheets JA, Khubchandani IT |title=Is simple fistula-in-ano simple? |journal=Dis. Colon Rectum |volume=37 |issue=9 |pages=885–9 |year=1994 |pmid=8076487 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
**There are no risk factors associated with simple [[anal fistula]]. | |||
**Treatment of simple [[anal fistula]] results in low incidence of [[fecal incontinence]] and poor [[wound healing]]. | |||
*Complex [[anal fistula]]:<ref name="pmid3298058">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fazio VW |title=Complex anal fistulae |journal=Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=93–114 |year=1987 |pmid=3298058 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
**There are many [[Risk factor|risk factors]] associated with complex [[anal fistula]] e.g preexisting [[incontinence]], recurrent [[fistula]], local [[irradiation]], chronic [[diarrhea]], or [[crohn's disease]]. | |||
**There are multiple tracts found in complex anal [[fistula]] and is anterior in the location in [[females]]. | |||
[[Anal fistulas]] are classified according to the position of primary tracks:<ref name="urlManagement of anal fistula | The BMJ">{{cite web |url=http://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e6705 |title=Management of anal fistula | The BMJ |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
*Low [[fistula]] - In a low [[fistula]] close to the skin and the track passes through few or no [[sphincter]] muscle fibres. | |||
*High [[fistulas]]- High [[fistula]] passes through multiple muscle fibers. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 19:44, 13 February 2018
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Anal fistula Microchapters |
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Anal fistula classification On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Anal fistula classification |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Anal fistula classification |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Manpreet Kaur, MD [2]
Overview
Anal fistula are classified into four types based on the relationship to sphincter- intersphincteric, transsphincteric, suprasphincteric, extrasphincteric. Anal fistula are classified into two categories based on the risk factors associated- simple anal fistula and complex anal fistula. Anal fistulas are also classified according to primary tracks into two- high and low anal fistulas.
Classification
Anal fistulas are classified into the four types based on the relationship to sphincter:[1][2]
- Intersphincteric
- Transsphincteric
- Suprasphincteric
- Extrasphincteric
Anal fistulas are classified into two categories based on the risk factors associated:
- Simple anal fistula:[3]
- There are no risk factors associated with simple anal fistula.
- Treatment of simple anal fistula results in low incidence of fecal incontinence and poor wound healing.
- Complex anal fistula:[4]
- There are many risk factors associated with complex anal fistula e.g preexisting incontinence, recurrent fistula, local irradiation, chronic diarrhea, or crohn's disease.
- There are multiple tracts found in complex anal fistula and is anterior in the location in females.
Anal fistulas are classified according to the position of primary tracks:[5]
- Low fistula - In a low fistula close to the skin and the track passes through few or no sphincter muscle fibres.
- High fistulas- High fistula passes through multiple muscle fibers.
References
- ↑ Parks AG, Gordon PH, Hardcastle JD (1976). "A classification of fistula-in-ano". Br J Surg. 63 (1): 1–12. PMID 1267867.
- ↑ Seow-Choen F, Nicholls RJ (1992). "Anal fistula". Br J Surg. 79 (3): 197–205. PMID 1555083.
- ↑ Sangwan YP, Rosen L, Riether RD, Stasik JJ, Sheets JA, Khubchandani IT (1994). "Is simple fistula-in-ano simple?". Dis. Colon Rectum. 37 (9): 885–9. PMID 8076487.
- ↑ Fazio VW (1987). "Complex anal fistulae". Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. 16 (1): 93–114. PMID 3298058.
- ↑ "Management of anal fistula | The BMJ".