Inguinal hernia natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
If left untreated, | The symptoms of inguinal hernia usually develop in the 4th decade of life, and start with symptoms such as bulging, heaviness, burning, or aching in the groin. If left untreated, patients with inguinal hernia may progress to develop incarceration, [[strangulation]]. Prognosis is generally good, and [[mortality]] is very rare. | ||
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | ==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | ||
===Natural History=== | ===Natural History=== | ||
*The symptoms of inguinal hernia usually develop in the 4th decade of life, and start with symptoms such as bulging, heaviness, burning, or aching in the groin. | *The symptoms of inguinal hernia usually develop in the 4th decade of life, and start with symptoms such as bulging, heaviness, burning, or aching in the groin. | ||
*If left untreated, patients with inguinal hernia may progress to develop incarceration, strangulation.<ref name="pmid22643828">{{cite journal |vauthors=Svendsen SW, Frost P, Vad MV, Andersen JH |title=Risk and prognosis of inguinal hernia in relation to occupational mechanical exposures--a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence |journal=Scand J Work Environ Health |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=5–26 |year=2013 |pmid=22643828 |doi=10.5271/sjweh.3305 |url=}}</ref> | *If left untreated, patients with inguinal hernia may progress to develop incarceration, [[strangulation]].<ref name="pmid22643828">{{cite journal |vauthors=Svendsen SW, Frost P, Vad MV, Andersen JH |title=Risk and prognosis of inguinal hernia in relation to occupational mechanical exposures--a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence |journal=Scand J Work Environ Health |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=5–26 |year=2013 |pmid=22643828 |doi=10.5271/sjweh.3305 |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Complications=== | ===Complications=== | ||
*Common complications of inguinal hernia include:<ref name="pmid18244999">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jenkins JT, O'Dwyer PJ |title=Inguinal hernias |journal=BMJ |volume=336 |issue=7638 |pages=269–72 |year=2008 |pmid=18244999 |pmc=2223000 |doi=10.1136/bmj.39450.428275.AD |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21187992">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chowbey PK, Pithawala M, Khullar R, Sharma A, Soni V, Baijal M |title=Complications in groin hernia surgery and the way out |journal=J Minim Access Surg |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=174–7 |year=2006 |pmid=21187992 |pmc=2999781 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="RuhlEverhart2007">{{cite journal|last1=Ruhl|first1=C. E.|last2=Everhart|first2=J. E.|title=Risk Factors for Inguinal Hernia among Adults in the US Population|journal=American Journal of Epidemiology|volume=165|issue=10|year=2007|pages=1154–1161|issn=0002-9262|doi=10.1093/aje/kwm011}}</ref> | *Common complications of inguinal hernia include:<ref name="pmid18244999">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jenkins JT, O'Dwyer PJ |title=Inguinal hernias |journal=BMJ |volume=336 |issue=7638 |pages=269–72 |year=2008 |pmid=18244999 |pmc=2223000 |doi=10.1136/bmj.39450.428275.AD |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21187992">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chowbey PK, Pithawala M, Khullar R, Sharma A, Soni V, Baijal M |title=Complications in groin hernia surgery and the way out |journal=J Minim Access Surg |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=174–7 |year=2006 |pmid=21187992 |pmc=2999781 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="RuhlEverhart2007">{{cite journal|last1=Ruhl|first1=C. E.|last2=Everhart|first2=J. E.|title=Risk Factors for Inguinal Hernia among Adults in the US Population|journal=American Journal of Epidemiology|volume=165|issue=10|year=2007|pages=1154–1161|issn=0002-9262|doi=10.1093/aje/kwm011}}</ref> | ||
**Bruising and haematoma | **Bruising and [[haematoma]] | ||
**Chronic and persisting pain | **Chronic and persisting pain | ||
**Infertility | **[[Infertility]] | ||
**Incarceration | **Incarceration | ||
**Bowel obstruction | **[[Bowel obstruction]] | ||
**Bowel strangulation | **Bowel [[strangulation]] | ||
**Postoperative complications | **Postoperative complications | ||
***Seroma / hematoma formation | ***Seroma / hematoma formation | ||
***Urinary retention | ***[[Urinary retention]] | ||
***Neuralgias | ***Neuralgias | ||
***Testicular pain and swelling | ***[[Testicular pain]] and [[swelling]] | ||
***Mesh infection and wound infection | ***Mesh infection and wound infection | ||
***Recurrence | ***Recurrence | ||
===Prognosis=== | ===Prognosis=== | ||
*Prognosis is generally good, and | *[[Prognosis]] is generally good, and [[mortality]] is very rare. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 15:26, 29 January 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]
Overview
The symptoms of inguinal hernia usually develop in the 4th decade of life, and start with symptoms such as bulging, heaviness, burning, or aching in the groin. If left untreated, patients with inguinal hernia may progress to develop incarceration, strangulation. Prognosis is generally good, and mortality is very rare.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- The symptoms of inguinal hernia usually develop in the 4th decade of life, and start with symptoms such as bulging, heaviness, burning, or aching in the groin.
- If left untreated, patients with inguinal hernia may progress to develop incarceration, strangulation.[1]
Complications
- Common complications of inguinal hernia include:[2][3][4]
- Bruising and haematoma
- Chronic and persisting pain
- Infertility
- Incarceration
- Bowel obstruction
- Bowel strangulation
- Postoperative complications
- Seroma / hematoma formation
- Urinary retention
- Neuralgias
- Testicular pain and swelling
- Mesh infection and wound infection
- Recurrence
Prognosis
References
- ↑ Svendsen SW, Frost P, Vad MV, Andersen JH (2013). "Risk and prognosis of inguinal hernia in relation to occupational mechanical exposures--a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence". Scand J Work Environ Health. 39 (1): 5–26. doi:10.5271/sjweh.3305. PMID 22643828.
- ↑ Jenkins JT, O'Dwyer PJ (2008). "Inguinal hernias". BMJ. 336 (7638): 269–72. doi:10.1136/bmj.39450.428275.AD. PMC 2223000. PMID 18244999.
- ↑ Chowbey PK, Pithawala M, Khullar R, Sharma A, Soni V, Baijal M (2006). "Complications in groin hernia surgery and the way out". J Minim Access Surg. 2 (3): 174–7. PMC 2999781. PMID 21187992.
- ↑ Ruhl, C. E.; Everhart, J. E. (2007). "Risk Factors for Inguinal Hernia among Adults in the US Population". American Journal of Epidemiology. 165 (10): 1154–1161. doi:10.1093/aje/kwm011. ISSN 0002-9262.