Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency CT: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency}} | {{Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{Mazia}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
On High-resolution CT (HRCT) scan of the chest | On [[High-resolution CT|high-resolution CT (HRCT) scan]] of the [[chest]] alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency presents as hypoattenuated areas resulting from a lack of [[lung]] [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]]. As [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]] is lost, [[pulmonary vessels]] appear smaller, fewer in number, and spread farther apart. Mild forms of alpha1-antitrypsin disease can be missed on [[High Resolution CT|HRCT scanning.]] However, when the disease is moderate, there is panlobular and characteristic lower zone predominance. Severe forms vary from severe [[Emphysema|centrilobular emphysema]]. Normal lung structures have been replaced by abnormal airspaces. [[CT-scans|CT]] of [[abdomen]] may show [[hepatomegaly]] or changes associated with [[cirrhosis]] or [[hepatocellular carcinoma]]. | ||
==CT== | ==CT== | ||
On High-resolution CT (HRCT) scan of the chest:<ref name="pmid1395384">{{cite journal |vauthors=Guest PJ, Hansell DM |title=High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in emphysema associated with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency |journal=Clin Radiol |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=260–6 |year=1992 |pmid=1395384 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | On [[High Resolution CT|High-resolution CT (HRCT) scan]] of the [[chest]]:<ref name="pmid1395384">{{cite journal |vauthors=Guest PJ, Hansell DM |title=High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in emphysema associated with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency |journal=Clin Radiol |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=260–6 |year=1992 |pmid=1395384 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Hypoattenuated areas | *Hypoattenuated areas present due to loss [[lung]] [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]]. [[Pulmonary vessels]] are smaller, fewer and spread farther apart. | ||
*In cases of moderate severity, there is the panlobular and characteristic lower zone predominance. | *In cases of moderate severity, there is the panlobular and characteristic lower zone predominance. | ||
*Severe disease is indistinguishable from severe centrilobular emphysema. Normal lung structures have been replaced by abnormal airspaces | *Severe disease is indistinguishable from [[Emphysema|severe centrilobular emphysema.]] [[Lung|Normal lung structures]] have been replaced by abnormal airspaces. | ||
*CT of abdomen can present as hepatomegaly and associated with cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. | *[[CT-scans|CT]] of [[abdomen]] can present as [[hepatomegaly]] and associated with [[cirrhosis]] or [[hepatocellular carcinoma]]. | ||
[[File:Ct alpha1.jpg|400px|thumb|center|Emphysematous changes with lower lobe predominance.<small>Case courtesy of Dr Yune Kwong, <a href="https://radiopaedia.org/">Radiopaedia.org</a>. From the case <a href="https://radiopaedia.org/cases/30763">rID: 30763</a></small>]] | [[File:Ct alpha1.jpg|400px|thumb|center|Emphysematous changes with lower lobe predominance.<small>Case courtesy of Dr Yune Kwong, <a href="https://radiopaedia.org/">Radiopaedia.org</a>. From the case <a href="https://radiopaedia.org/cases/30763">rID: 30763</a></small>]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:35, 23 January 2018
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Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency Microchapters |
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Differentiating Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency CT On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency CT |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency CT |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mazia Fatima, MBBS [2]
Overview
On high-resolution CT (HRCT) scan of the chest alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency presents as hypoattenuated areas resulting from a lack of lung tissue. As tissue is lost, pulmonary vessels appear smaller, fewer in number, and spread farther apart. Mild forms of alpha1-antitrypsin disease can be missed on HRCT scanning. However, when the disease is moderate, there is panlobular and characteristic lower zone predominance. Severe forms vary from severe centrilobular emphysema. Normal lung structures have been replaced by abnormal airspaces. CT of abdomen may show hepatomegaly or changes associated with cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma.
CT
On High-resolution CT (HRCT) scan of the chest:[1]
- Hypoattenuated areas present due to loss lung tissue. Pulmonary vessels are smaller, fewer and spread farther apart.
- In cases of moderate severity, there is the panlobular and characteristic lower zone predominance.
- Severe disease is indistinguishable from severe centrilobular emphysema. Normal lung structures have been replaced by abnormal airspaces.
- CT of abdomen can present as hepatomegaly and associated with cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma.
