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{{Ileus}}
{{Ileus}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}};{{AE}}{{Akshun}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
Common risk factors in the development of ileus include previous history of [[Lower_gastrointestinal_surgery|gastrointestinal surgery]] or other GI procedures, [[Electrolyte imbalance]], [[Hypothyroidism]], [[Medications]] (e.g. [[opiates]]), severe [[illness]] (Inflammation with peritonitis), [[Spinal cord injury]] (SCI), those with injury above thoracic vertebrae 5 (T5) will have hypomotility problems within the bowel, [[Diabetic ketoacidosis]] (DKA), and other causes of metabolic acidosis.
Common [[risk factors]] in the development of [[ileus]] include [[Ageing|older age]], [[electrolyte abnormalities]], previous history of [[abdominal surgery]], prolonged [[abdominal]] or [[pelvic]] [[surgery]], [[laparotomy]], lower [[Gastrointestinal tract]] procedures, delayed postoperative [[Enteral feeding|enteral nutrition]], use of preoperative [[albumin]], postoperative [[Deep vein thrombosis|deep venous thrombosis]], [[diabetic ketoacidosis]], history of chronic [[opiates]] use and [[hypothyroidism]]. Less common [[risk factors]] include [[spinal cord injury]] (specifically [[thoracic]] cord), severe [[illnesses|illness]] like [[sepsis]], [[obesity]], [[peripheral vascular disease]] and development of some postoperative [[Complication (medicine)|complications]].


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
*Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
===Common Risk Factors===
*Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
*Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
**[Risk factor 1]
**[Risk factor 2]
**[Risk factor 3]


===Less Common Risk Factors===
===Common risk factors===
*Less common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
Common [[risk factors]] in the development of [[ileus]] include:<ref name="pmid26589763">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kitahata R, Nakajima S, Suzuki T, Plitman E, Mimura M, Uchida H |title=Relapse of ileus in patients with psychiatric disorders: A 2-year chart review |journal=Gen Hosp Psychiatry |volume=38 |issue= |pages=31–6 |year=2016 |pmid=26589763 |doi=10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.09.003 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25343532">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gökçe AM, Özel L, İbişoğlu S, Ata P, Şahin G, Gücün M, Kara VM, Özdemir E, Titiz Mİ |title=A Rare Reason of Ileus in Renal Transplant Patients With Peritoneal Dialysis History: Encapsulated Peritoneal Sclerosis |journal=Exp Clin Transplant |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=588–92 |year=2015 |pmid=25343532 |doi=10.6002/ect.2014.0036 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21233608">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kronberg U, Kiran RP, Soliman MS, Hammel JP, Galway U, Coffey JC, Fazio VW |title=A characterization of factors determining postoperative ileus after laparoscopic colectomy enables the generation of a novel predictive score |journal=Ann. Surg. |volume=253 |issue=1 |pages=78–81 |year=2011 |pmid=21233608 |doi=10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181fcb83e |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7710343">{{cite journal |vauthors=Böhm B, Milsom JW, Fazio VW |title=Postoperative intestinal motility following conventional and laparoscopic intestinal surgery |journal=Arch Surg |volume=130 |issue=4 |pages=415–9 |year=1995 |pmid=7710343 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16145376">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hollenbeck BK, Miller DC, Taub D, Dunn RL, Khuri SF, Henderson WG, Montie JE, Underwood W, Wei JT |title=Identifying risk factors for potentially avoidable complications following radical cystectomy |journal=J. Urol. |volume=174 |issue=4 Pt 1 |pages=1231–7; discussion 1237 |year=2005 |pmid=16145376 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20472264">{{cite journal |vauthors=Svatek RS, Fisher MB, Williams MB, Matin SF, Kamat AM, Grossman HB, Nogueras-González GM, Urbauer DL, Dinney CP |title=Age and body mass index are independent risk factors for the development of postoperative paralytic ileus after radical cystectomy |journal=Urology |volume=76 |issue=6 |pages=1419–24 |year=2010 |pmid=20472264 |doi=10.1016/j.urology.2010.02.053 |url=}}</ref>
**[Risk factor 1]
*[[Ageing|Older age]]
**[Risk factor 2]
*[[Electrolyte abnormalities]]
**[Risk factor 3]
*Previous history of [[abdominal surgery]]
*Prolonged [[abdominal]] or [[pelvic]] [[surgery]]
*[[Laparotomy]] and lower [[GI]] procedures
*Delayed [[enteral nutrition]]
*Use of preoperative [[albumin]]
*Postoperative [[Deep vein thrombosis|deep venous thrombosis]]
*[[Hypothyroidism]]
*[[Diabetic ketoacidosis]]
*Chronic use of [[opiates]] such as [[morphine]]


==Risk Factors==
===Less common risk factors===
* [[Lower_gastrointestinal_surgery|Gastrointestinal surgery]] or other GI procedures
Less common [[risk factors]] in the development of [[ileus]] include:<ref name="pmid18305994">{{cite journal |vauthors=Artinyan A, Nunoo-Mensah JW, Balasubramaniam S, Gauderman J, Essani R, Gonzalez-Ruiz C, Kaiser AM, Beart RW |title=Prolonged postoperative ileus-definition, risk factors, and predictors after surgery |journal=World J Surg |volume=32 |issue=7 |pages=1495–500 |year=2008 |pmid=18305994 |doi=10.1007/s00268-008-9491-2 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11956429">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chang SS, Cookson MS, Baumgartner RG, Wells N, Smith JA |title=Analysis of early complications after radical cystectomy: results of a collaborative care pathway |journal=J. Urol. |volume=167 |issue=5 |pages=2012–6 |year=2002 |pmid=11956429 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23579542">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chapuis PH, Bokey L, Keshava A, Rickard MJ, Stewart P, Young CJ, Dent OF |title=Risk factors for prolonged ileus after resection of colorectal cancer: an observational study of 2400 consecutive patients |journal=Ann. Surg. |volume=257 |issue=5 |pages=909–15 |year=2013 |pmid=23579542 |doi=10.1097/SLA.0b013e318268a693 |url=}}</ref>
* [[Electrolyte imbalance]]
* Severe [[illness]] such as [[sepsis]]
* [[Hypothyroidism]]
* [[Spinal cord injury]] ([[Thoracic]] cord)
* [[Medications]] (e.g. [[opiates]])
* [[Obesity]]
* Severe [[illness]] (Inflammation with peritonitis)
* [[Peripheral vascular disease]]
* [[Spinal cord injury]] (SCI), those with injury above thoracic vertebrae 5 (T5) will have hypomotility problems within the bowel
* Any common [[Complication (medicine)|complications]] arising from [[surgery]] can increase the [[risk factor|risk]] of [[ileus]]. These [[Complication (medicine)|complications]] include:
* [[Diabetic ketoacidosis]] (DKA), and other causes of metabolic acidosis
**[[Pneumonia]]
**[[Intra-abdominal abscess]]
**[[Peritonitis]]
**[[Bleeding disorders|Bleeding disorder]]
**Excessive use of [[Analgesics]] for postoperative [[pain]] control


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
​​


[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]

Latest revision as of 16:18, 14 January 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Akshun Kalia M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

Common risk factors in the development of ileus include older age, electrolyte abnormalities, previous history of abdominal surgery, prolonged abdominal or pelvic surgery, laparotomy, lower Gastrointestinal tract procedures, delayed postoperative enteral nutrition, use of preoperative albumin, postoperative deep venous thrombosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, history of chronic opiates use and hypothyroidism. Less common risk factors include spinal cord injury (specifically thoracic cord), severe illness like sepsis, obesity, peripheral vascular disease and development of some postoperative complications.

Risk Factors

Common risk factors

Common risk factors in the development of ileus include:[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Less common risk factors

Less common risk factors in the development of ileus include:[7][8][9]

References

  1. ↑ Kitahata R, Nakajima S, Suzuki T, Plitman E, Mimura M, Uchida H (2016). "Relapse of ileus in patients with psychiatric disorders: A 2-year chart review". Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 38: 31–6. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.09.003. PMID 26589763.
  2. ↑ Gökçe AM, Özel L, İbişoğlu S, Ata P, Şahin G, Gücün M, Kara VM, Özdemir E, Titiz Mİ (2015). "A Rare Reason of Ileus in Renal Transplant Patients With Peritoneal Dialysis History: Encapsulated Peritoneal Sclerosis". Exp Clin Transplant. 13 (6): 588–92. doi:10.6002/ect.2014.0036. PMID 25343532.
  3. ↑ Kronberg U, Kiran RP, Soliman MS, Hammel JP, Galway U, Coffey JC, Fazio VW (2011). "A characterization of factors determining postoperative ileus after laparoscopic colectomy enables the generation of a novel predictive score". Ann. Surg. 253 (1): 78–81. doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181fcb83e. PMID 21233608.
  4. ↑ Böhm B, Milsom JW, Fazio VW (1995). "Postoperative intestinal motility following conventional and laparoscopic intestinal surgery". Arch Surg. 130 (4): 415–9. PMID 7710343.
  5. ↑ Hollenbeck BK, Miller DC, Taub D, Dunn RL, Khuri SF, Henderson WG, Montie JE, Underwood W, Wei JT (2005). "Identifying risk factors for potentially avoidable complications following radical cystectomy". J. Urol. 174 (4 Pt 1): 1231–7, discussion 1237. PMID 16145376.
  6. ↑ Svatek RS, Fisher MB, Williams MB, Matin SF, Kamat AM, Grossman HB, Nogueras-González GM, Urbauer DL, Dinney CP (2010). "Age and body mass index are independent risk factors for the development of postoperative paralytic ileus after radical cystectomy". Urology. 76 (6): 1419–24. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2010.02.053. PMID 20472264.
  7. ↑ Artinyan A, Nunoo-Mensah JW, Balasubramaniam S, Gauderman J, Essani R, Gonzalez-Ruiz C, Kaiser AM, Beart RW (2008). "Prolonged postoperative ileus-definition, risk factors, and predictors after surgery". World J Surg. 32 (7): 1495–500. doi:10.1007/s00268-008-9491-2. PMID 18305994.
  8. ↑ Chang SS, Cookson MS, Baumgartner RG, Wells N, Smith JA (2002). "Analysis of early complications after radical cystectomy: results of a collaborative care pathway". J. Urol. 167 (5): 2012–6. PMID 11956429.
  9. ↑ Chapuis PH, Bokey L, Keshava A, Rickard MJ, Stewart P, Young CJ, Dent OF (2013). "Risk factors for prolonged ileus after resection of colorectal cancer: an observational study of 2400 consecutive patients". Ann. Surg. 257 (5): 909–15. doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e318268a693. PMID 23579542.

​​

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