Dysphagia classification: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
m (Bot: Removing from Primary care)
 
(18 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)
Line 2: Line 2:
{{Dysphagia}}
{{Dysphagia}}


{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{FT}} {{FZT}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{FT}}  
==Overview==
==Overview==
Dysphagia is classified according to location into two subtypes/groups:
Dysphagia may be classified based on the location into oropharyngeal dysphagia or esophageal dysphagia. Dysphagia may also be classified based on etiology into further six subclasses which include infectious, metabolic, myopathic, neurological, structural and, iatrogenic.
* Oropharyngeal dysphagia
 
* Esophageal dysphagia
Dysphagia may be classified into several subtypes based on etiology into six subclasses: Infectious, Metabolic, Myopathic, Neurological, Structural and, Iatrogenic


==Classification of Dysphagia==
==Classification of Dysphagia==
[[Dysphagia]] is classified into two major types on the basis of location:  
[[Dysphagia]] may be classified based on the location into two major types:<ref name="pmid7587788">{{cite journal| author=Wilcox CM, Alexander LN, Clark WS| title=Localization of an obstructing esophageal lesion. Is the patient accurate? | journal=Dig Dis Sci | year= 1995 | volume= 40 | issue= 10 | pages= 2192-6 | pmid=7587788 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7587788  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24691181">{{cite journal| author=Kruger D| title=Assessing esophageal dysphagia. | journal=JAAPA | year= 2014 | volume= 27 | issue= 5 | pages= 23-30 | pmid=24691181 | doi=10.1097/01.JAA.0000446227.85554.fb | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24691181  }} </ref><ref name="pmid2042117">{{cite journal| author=Scheurer U| title=[Dysphagia]. | journal=Ther Umsch | year= 1991 | volume= 48 | issue= 3 | pages= 150-61 | pmid=2042117 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2042117  }} </ref>
* [[Pharynx|Oropharyngeal]] dysphagia  
* [[Pharynx|Oropharyngeal]] dysphagia  
* [[Esophageal]] dysphagia
* [[Esophageal]] dysphagia
It is also classified on the basis of etiology into six subclasses:
[[Dysphagia]] can also be classified based on the etiology into six sub classes:
* [[Infection|Infectious]]  
* [[Infection|Infectious]]  
* [[Metabolism|Metabolic]]  
* [[Metabolism|Metabolic]]  
Line 23: Line 19:


===Oropharyngeal Dysphagia===
===Oropharyngeal Dysphagia===
Arises from abnormalities of the upper [[esophagus]], [[pharynx]], and [[oral cavity]].
* Arises from abnormalities of the upper [[esophagus]], [[pharynx]], and [[oral cavity]].


===Esophageal Dysphagia===
===Esophageal Dysphagia===
Arises from the body of the esophagus, lower esophageal sphincter, or cardia of the stomach. Usually due to mechanical causes or motility problems.
* Arises from the body of the [[esophagus]], [[lower esophageal sphincter]], or [[Stomach|cardia of the stomach]].  
* Most commonly esophageal dysphagia is either due to mechanical obstruction of esophageal lumen or motility problems.


In some patients, no organic cause for dysphagia can be found, and these patients are defined as having functional dysphagia.
=== Functional dysphagia ===
* Dysphagia due to no organic cause.
* Diagnosis of exclusion.
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | | | |A01=Classification of Dysphagia }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | | | |A01=Classification of Dysphagia }}
Line 34: Line 33:
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | B02 | | | |B01=Based on etiology|B02=Based on location}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | B02 | | | |B01=Based on etiology|B02=Based on location}}
{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | | C01 | | C02 | | C03 | | C04 | | C05 | | C06 | | |!| | | | |C01=Metabolic|C02=Infectious|C03=Myopathic|C04=Neurological|C05=Structural|C06=Iatrogenic|}}
{{familytree | | | | C01 | | C02 | | C03 | | C04 | | C05 | | C06 | | | | | | |!|C01=Metabolic|C02=Infectious|C03=Myopathic|C04=Neurological|C05=Structural|C06=Iatrogenic|}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | |}}
{{familytree | | | | C01 | | C02 | | C03 | | C04 | | C05 | | C06 | | C07 | | |!| | | | |C01= • Amyloidosis <br> • Cushings syndrome <br> • Thyrotoxicosis<br> • Wilsons disease|C02= • Mucositis<br> • Diphtheria<br> • Botulism<br> • Lymes disease<br> • Syphilis|C03= • Connective tissue disease(overlap disease)<br> • Dermatomyositis<br> • Myasthenia gravis<br> • Myotonic dystrophy<br> • Polymyositis<br> • Sarcoidosis<br> • Paraneoplastic syndromes|C04= • Brainstem tumors<br> • Head trauma<br> • Stroke<br> • Cerbral palsy<br> • Gullian barre syndrome<br> • Huntington disease<br> • Multiple sclerosis<br> • Postpolio syndrome<br> • Tardive dyskinesia<br> • Metabolic encephalopathies<br> • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis<br> • Parkinsons disease<br> • Dementia|C05= • Cricopharyngeal bar<br> • Zenkers diverticulum<br> • Cervical webs<br> • Oropharyngeal tumors<br> • Osteophytes and skeletal abnormalities<br>•Congenital(cleft palate,diverticula,pouches)|C06=•Medication side effects(neuroleptics)<br> • Radiation<br>•Corrosive(pill injury,intentional)<br>•Postsurgical muscular or neurogenic|C07=C07}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=text-align: left; | | | | C01 | | C02 | | C03 | | C04 | | C05 | | C06 | | | | | | |!| | |C01= •[[Amyloidosis]]<br>•[[Cushings syndrome]]<br>•[[Thyrotoxicosis]]<br>•[[Wilsons disease]]|C02=• [[Mucositis]]<br>•[[Diphtheria]]<br>•[[Botulism]]<br>•[[Lymes disease]]<br>•[[Syphilis]]|C03=•[[Connective tissue disease]]<br>•[[Dermatomyositis]]<br>•[[Myasthenia gravis]]<br>•[[Myotonic dystrophy]]<br>• [[Polymyositis]]<br>•[[Sarcoidosis]]<br>•[[Paraneoplastic syndromes]]|C04=•[[Brain tumor|Brainstem tumors]]<br>•[[Head trauma]]<br> • [[Stroke]]<br> • [[Cerebral palsy]]<br> • [[Guillain-Barré syndrome|Gullian barre syndrome]]<br> • [[Huntington disease]]<br> • [[Multiple sclerosis]]<br> • [[Post polio syndrome|Postpolio syndrome]]<br> • [[Tardive dyskinesia]]<br> • Metabolic encephalopathies<br> • [[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]]<br> • [[Parkinson's disease]]<br> • [[Dementia]]|C05= • Cricopharyngeal bar<br> • [[Zenkers diverticulum]]<br> • Cervical webs<br> • [[Oral cancers|Oropharyngeal tumors]]<br> • Osteophytes and skeletal abnormalities<br>•Congenital([[cleft palate]],diverticula,pouches)|C06=•Medication side effects([[neuroleptics]])<br> • Radiation<br>•Corrosive(pill injury,intentional)<br>•Postsurgical muscular or neurogenic|C07=C07}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.|}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.|}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | | | | B02 |B01=Esophageal dysphagia|B02=Oropharyngeal dysphagia}}  
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | | | | B02 |B01=Esophageal dysphagia|B02=Oropharyngeal dysphagia}}  
Line 47: Line 46:
{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}
[[Category:Needs overview]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]
[[Category:Geriatrics]]
[[Category:Geriatrics]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Primary care]]

Latest revision as of 21:30, 29 July 2020

Dysphagia Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Dysphagia from other Conditions

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X Ray

Barium Swallow

Endoscopy

CT

MRI

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Dysphagia classification On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Dysphagia classification

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Dysphagia classification

CDC on Dysphagia classification

Dysphagia classification in the news

Blogs on Dysphagia classification

Directions to Hospitals Treating Dysphagia

Risk calculators and risk factors for Dysphagia classification

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]

Overview

Dysphagia may be classified based on the location into oropharyngeal dysphagia or esophageal dysphagia. Dysphagia may also be classified based on etiology into further six subclasses which include infectious, metabolic, myopathic, neurological, structural and, iatrogenic.

Classification of Dysphagia

Dysphagia may be classified based on the location into two major types:[1][2][3]

Dysphagia can also be classified based on the etiology into six sub classes:

Oropharyngeal Dysphagia

Esophageal Dysphagia

Functional dysphagia

  • Dysphagia due to no organic cause.
  • Diagnosis of exclusion.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Classification of Dysphagia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Based on etiology
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Based on location
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Metabolic
 
Infectious
 
Myopathic
 
Neurological
 
Structural
 
Iatrogenic
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
•Amyloidosis
•Cushings syndrome
•Thyrotoxicosis
•Wilsons disease
 
• Mucositis
•Diphtheria
•Botulism
•Lymes disease
•Syphilis
 
•Connective tissue disease
•Dermatomyositis
•Myasthenia gravis
•Myotonic dystrophy
• Polymyositis
•Sarcoidosis
•Paraneoplastic syndromes
 
•Brainstem tumors
•Head trauma
• Stroke
• Cerebral palsy
• Gullian barre syndrome
• Huntington disease
• Multiple sclerosis
• Postpolio syndrome
• Tardive dyskinesia
• Metabolic encephalopathies
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
• Parkinson's disease
• Dementia
 
• Cricopharyngeal bar
• Zenkers diverticulum
• Cervical webs
• Oropharyngeal tumors
• Osteophytes and skeletal abnormalities
•Congenital(cleft palate,diverticula,pouches)
 
•Medication side effects(neuroleptics)
• Radiation
•Corrosive(pill injury,intentional)
•Postsurgical muscular or neurogenic
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Esophageal dysphagia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Oropharyngeal dysphagia

References

  1. ↑ Wilcox CM, Alexander LN, Clark WS (1995). "Localization of an obstructing esophageal lesion. Is the patient accurate?". Dig Dis Sci. 40 (10): 2192–6. PMID 7587788.
  2. ↑ Kruger D (2014). "Assessing esophageal dysphagia". JAAPA. 27 (5): 23–30. doi:10.1097/01.JAA.0000446227.85554.fb. PMID 24691181.
  3. ↑ Scheurer U (1991). "[Dysphagia]". Ther Umsch. 48 (3): 150–61. PMID 2042117.

Template:WH Template:WS

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Dysphagia_classification&oldid=1637551"