Jaundice epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The incidence of jaundice is approximately 40,000 per 100,000 individuals of [[intensive care unit]] patients. [[Neonatal jaundice]] is more common among Asian and mixed Asian/white infants than white infants. [[Hepatocellular jaundice]] mainly from [[viral hepatitis]] commonly affects young patients. [[Cholestatic jaundice]] mainly from [[Liver Cancer|liver cancer]], [[hepatitis]], and liver [[cirrhosis]] commonly affects older patients. Male are more commonly affected by [[hepatocellular jaundice]] and [[Liver cancer (patient information)|liver cance]]<nowiki/>r than female. Female are more commonly affected by [[Hemolysis|hemolytic]] jaundice mainly from [[cholangiocarcinoma]] than male. | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
=== Incidence === | === Incidence === | ||
* The incidence of jaundice is approximately 40,000 per 100,000 individuals of intensive care unit patients.<ref name="pmid17116459">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bansal V, Schuchert VD |title=Jaundice in the intensive care unit |journal=Surg. Clin. North Am. |volume=86 |issue=6 |pages=1495–502 |year=2006 |pmid=17116459 |doi=10.1016/j.suc.2006.09.007 |url=}}</ref> | * The incidence of jaundice is approximately 40,000 per 100,000 individuals of [[intensive care unit]] patients.<ref name="pmid17116459">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bansal V, Schuchert VD |title=Jaundice in the intensive care unit |journal=Surg. Clin. North Am. |volume=86 |issue=6 |pages=1495–502 |year=2006 |pmid=17116459 |doi=10.1016/j.suc.2006.09.007 |url=}}</ref> | ||
=== Prevalence === | |||
* In 2015, the [[prevalence]] of cirrhosis was approximately 270 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.<ref name="pmid252913482">{{cite journal |vauthors=Scaglione S, Kliethermes S, Cao G, Shoham D, Durazo R, Luke A, Volk ML |title=The Epidemiology of Cirrhosis in the United States: A Population-based Study |journal=J. Clin. Gastroenterol. |volume=49 |issue=8 |pages=690–6 |year=2015 |pmid=25291348 |doi=10.1097/MCG.0000000000000208 |url=}}</ref> | |||
** Currently, approximately seventy percent of cirrhotic individuals are unaware of having [[liver]] disease and go undiagnosed. | |||
** The [[prevalence]] of cirrhosis is higher in areas with high illiteracy rates. | |||
** Chronic and heavy [[alcohol]] use is responsible for more than half of the cases of [[cirrhosis]] in the United States. | |||
=== Mortality rate === | |||
* The 10 year-[[mortality rate]] of cirrhosis is approximately 34- 66 percent, largely dependent on the cause of cirrhosis.<ref name="pmid146267263">{{cite journal |vauthors=Anderson RN, Smith BL |title=Deaths: leading causes for 2001 |journal=Natl Vital Stat Rep |volume=52 |issue=9 |pages=1–85 |year=2003 |pmid=14626726 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
* In 2001, cirrhosis was the tenth leading cause of death among men and the twelfth leading cause of death among women in the United States. | |||
* In 2006, cirrhosis was the twelfth leading cause of overall deaths in United States. | |||
=== Race === | === Race === | ||
* Neonatal jaundice is more common among Asian and mixed Asian/white infants | * [[Neonatal jaundice]] is more common among Asian and mixed Asian/white infants compared to white infants.<ref name="pmid11876673">{{cite journal |vauthors=Setia S, Villaveces A, Dhillon P, Mueller BA |title=Neonatal jaundice in Asian, white, and mixed-race infants |journal=Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med |volume=156 |issue=3 |pages=276–9 |year=2002 |pmid=11876673 |doi= |url=}}</ref>. | ||
* The [[prevalence]] of cirrhosis is higher in:<ref name="pmid15629518">{{cite journal |vauthors=Adams LA, Sanderson S, Lindor KD, Angulo P |title=The histological course of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a longitudinal study of 103 patients with sequential liver biopsies |journal=J. Hepatol. |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=132–8 |year=2005 |pmid=15629518 |doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2004.09.012 |url=}}</ref> | |||
** Non-Hispanic blacks | |||
** Mexican Americans | |||
** Hispanics with [[hepatitis C]] infection | |||
=== Age === | === Age === | ||
* Hepatocellular jaundice commonly affects | * [[Hepatocellular Disease|Hepatocellular]] jaundice, particularly from [[viral hepatitis]], commonly affects young patients.<ref name="urlAge and gender analysis of jaundice patients | Yu | The Journal of Bioscience and Medicine">{{cite web |url=http://www.jbscience.org/index.php?journal=jbscience&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=138 |title=Age and gender analysis of jaundice patients | Yu | The Journal of Bioscience and Medicine |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | ||
* Cholestatic jaundice commonly affects older patients.<ref name=" | * [[Cholestatic jaundice]], particularly from [[Liver cancer (patient information)|liver cancer]], [[hepatitis]], and liver [[cirrhosis]], commonly affects older patients.<ref name="urlAge and gender analysis of jaundice patients | Yu | The Journal of Bioscience and Medicine" /> | ||
* Cirrhosis is infrequently seen in young adults.<ref name="urlAge and gender analysis of jaundice patients | Yu | The Journal of Bioscience and Medicine" /> | |||
* The incidence of cirrhosis increases with age; the median age for the diagnosis of cirrhosis due to [[alcoholic liver disease]] is 52 years.<ref name="pmid25203153">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sajja KC, Mohan DP, Rockey DC |title=Age and ethnicity in cirrhosis |journal=J. Investig. Med. |volume=62 |issue=7 |pages=920–6 |year=2014 |pmid=25203153 |pmc=4172494 |doi=10.1097/JIM.0000000000000106 |url=}}</ref> | |||
=== Gender === | === Gender === | ||
* Male are more commonly affected by [[hepatocellular jaundice]] and liver cancer than female.<ref name="urlAge and gender analysis of jaundice patients | Yu | The Journal of Bioscience and Medicine" /> | |||
* Female are more commonly affected by [[hemolytic]] jaundice.<ref name="urlAge and gender analysis of jaundice patients | Yu | The Journal of Bioscience and Medicine" /> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
[[Category:Needs content]] | [[Category:Needs content]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
[[Category:Hepatology]] | [[Category:Hepatology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:26, 29 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farnaz Khalighinejad, MD [2]
Overview
The incidence of jaundice is approximately 40,000 per 100,000 individuals of intensive care unit patients. Neonatal jaundice is more common among Asian and mixed Asian/white infants than white infants. Hepatocellular jaundice mainly from viral hepatitis commonly affects young patients. Cholestatic jaundice mainly from liver cancer, hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis commonly affects older patients. Male are more commonly affected by hepatocellular jaundice and liver cancer than female. Female are more commonly affected by hemolytic jaundice mainly from cholangiocarcinoma than male.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The incidence of jaundice is approximately 40,000 per 100,000 individuals of intensive care unit patients.[1]
Prevalence
- In 2015, the prevalence of cirrhosis was approximately 270 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.[2]
- Currently, approximately seventy percent of cirrhotic individuals are unaware of having liver disease and go undiagnosed.
- The prevalence of cirrhosis is higher in areas with high illiteracy rates.
- Chronic and heavy alcohol use is responsible for more than half of the cases of cirrhosis in the United States.
Mortality rate
- The 10 year-mortality rate of cirrhosis is approximately 34- 66 percent, largely dependent on the cause of cirrhosis.[3]
- In 2001, cirrhosis was the tenth leading cause of death among men and the twelfth leading cause of death among women in the United States.
- In 2006, cirrhosis was the twelfth leading cause of overall deaths in United States.
Race
- Neonatal jaundice is more common among Asian and mixed Asian/white infants compared to white infants.[4].
- The prevalence of cirrhosis is higher in:[5]
- Non-Hispanic blacks
- Mexican Americans
- Hispanics with hepatitis C infection
Age
- Hepatocellular jaundice, particularly from viral hepatitis, commonly affects young patients.[6]
- Cholestatic jaundice, particularly from liver cancer, hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis, commonly affects older patients.[6]
- Cirrhosis is infrequently seen in young adults.[6]
- The incidence of cirrhosis increases with age; the median age for the diagnosis of cirrhosis due to alcoholic liver disease is 52 years.[7]
Gender
- Male are more commonly affected by hepatocellular jaundice and liver cancer than female.[6]
References
- ↑ Bansal V, Schuchert VD (2006). "Jaundice in the intensive care unit". Surg. Clin. North Am. 86 (6): 1495–502. doi:10.1016/j.suc.2006.09.007. PMID 17116459.
- ↑ Scaglione S, Kliethermes S, Cao G, Shoham D, Durazo R, Luke A, Volk ML (2015). "The Epidemiology of Cirrhosis in the United States: A Population-based Study". J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 49 (8): 690–6. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000000208. PMID 25291348.
- ↑ Anderson RN, Smith BL (2003). "Deaths: leading causes for 2001". Natl Vital Stat Rep. 52 (9): 1–85. PMID 14626726.
- ↑ Setia S, Villaveces A, Dhillon P, Mueller BA (2002). "Neonatal jaundice in Asian, white, and mixed-race infants". Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 156 (3): 276–9. PMID 11876673.
- ↑ Adams LA, Sanderson S, Lindor KD, Angulo P (2005). "The histological course of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a longitudinal study of 103 patients with sequential liver biopsies". J. Hepatol. 42 (1): 132–8. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2004.09.012. PMID 15629518.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 "Age and gender analysis of jaundice patients | Yu | The Journal of Bioscience and Medicine".
- ↑ Sajja KC, Mohan DP, Rockey DC (2014). "Age and ethnicity in cirrhosis". J. Investig. Med. 62 (7): 920–6. doi:10.1097/JIM.0000000000000106. PMC 4172494. PMID 25203153.