Acute diarrhea classification: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 20:15, 29 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sudarshana Datta, MD [2]

Overview

Diarrhea is defined as the passage of unformed or abnormally fluid stools at an increased frequency. Acute diarrhea has a duration of < 4 weeks and may be classified on the basis of etiology and presentation. On the basis of etiology, acute diarrhea may be classified into infectious and non-infectious sub-types. Based on the type of presentation, acute diarrhea may be classified into watery and inflammatory types. Watery diarrhea may be further classified into secretory and osmotic types of diarrhea.

Classification

Classification based on etiology

Acute diarrhea may be classified according to etiology into infectious and non-infectious subtypes/groups. The infectious group may further be classified into bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoal subgroups. The non-infectious group is further classified into diarrhea due to medications, poisoning and systemic illnesses.

Acute diarrhea

Infectious

Non-Infectious

•Shigella species ( S.dysentriae, S.flexneri, S.sonneii, S.boydii)

•E.coli species (Enterotoxigenic E.coli, Enterohemorrhagic E.coli, Enteroinvasive E.coli, EPEC, EAEC)
•Cryptosporidium parvum
•Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahemolyticus
•Clostridium perfringens
•Non-Typhoidal Salmonella: S.typhimurium, S.enterica
•Campylobacter jejuni
•Clostridium difficle
•Yersinia enterocolitica
•Staphylococcus aureus (staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome [TSS]
•Aeromonas
•Plesiomonas shigelloides
•Hemolytic uremic syndrome (Shiga toxin producing E. coli ETEC)
•Mycobacterium Avium complex
•Bacillus cereus

•Listeria monocytogenes

•Astro virus

•Calcivirus
•Noro virus
•Rota virus
•CMV
•Norwalk virus
•Influenza virus
•Rubeola virus
•Dengue virus

•Human immunodeficiency virus

•Cryptococcus
•Candida albicans

•Giardia lamblia

•Microsporidia

•Isospora

•Digoxin

•Cephalosporins
•Thiazide diuretics
•Triptans
•Lactulose
•Anti retroviral agents
•Chemotherapeutic agents
•Antifungals

•Magnesium

•Organophosphate Poisoning
•Opium withdrawal

•Hyperthyroidism

•Irritable bowel syndrome
•Lactose intolerance
•Tumors: VIPoma
•Short bowel syndrome

•Radiation enteritis

Classification based on presentation

Based on the type of presentation, acute diarrhea may be classified into watery and inflammatory types. Watery diarrhea may further be classified into secretory and osmotic types of diarrhea.

Acute diarrhea

Watery

Inflammatory

•Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis

•Cytomegalovirus
•Herpes simplex virus
•Strongyloidiasis
•Aeromonas
•Plesiomonas
•Ischemic colitis

•Radiation colitis

Secretory

Osmotic

•Cholera

•Enterotoxigenic strains of E. coli
•Factitious diarrhea from laxative abuse
•Aeromonas
•Plesiomonas
•Microsporidia
•Giardia
•Coccidia

•Cryptosporidium

•Lactase deficiency

•Lactulose
•Laxative abuse

•Whipple's disease

References

Template:WH Template:WS

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{Acute diarrhea}}
-{{CMG}}; {{AE}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Cherry}}
 ==Overview==
-There is no established system for the classification of [disease name].
+Diarrhea is defined as the passage of unformed or abnormally fluid [[Human feces|stools]] at an increased frequency. Acute diarrhea has a duration of < 4 weeks and may be classified on the basis of [[etiology]] and presentation. On the basis of [[etiology]], acute diarrhea may be classified into [[Infection|infectious]] and non-[[infectious]] sub-types. Based on the type of presentation, acute diarrhea may be classified into watery and [[inflammatory]] types. Watery diarrhea may be further classified into secretory and osmotic types of diarrhea.
-OR
+==Classification==
-[Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups: [group1], [group2], [group3], and [group4].
-OR
-[Disease name] may be classified into [large number > 6] subtypes based on [classification method 1], [classification method 2], and [classification method 3].
-[Disease name] may be classified into several subtypes based on [classification method 1], [classification method 2], and [classification method 3].
-OR
-Based on the duration of symptoms, [disease name] may be classified as either acute or chronic.
-OR
+==== Classification based on etiology ====
+*Acute diarrhea may be classified according to [[etiology]] into [[infectious]] and non-[[infectious]] subtypes/groups. The [[infectious]] group may further be classified into [[Bacteria|bacterial]], [[Virus|viral]], [[Fungus|fungal]] and [[Protozoa|protozoal]] subgroups. The non-infectious group is further classified into diarrhea due to [[Medication|medications]], [[Poison|poisoning]] and systemic illnesses.
-If the staging system involves specific and characteristic findings and features:
-According to the [staging system + reference], there are [number] stages of [malignancy name] based on the [finding1], [finding2], and [finding3]. Each stage is assigned a [letter/number1] and a [letter/number2] that designate the [feature1] and [feature2].
-OR
-The staging of [malignancy name] is based on the [staging system].
-OR
-There is no established system for the staging of [malignancy name].
-==Classification==
-*Acute diarrhea may be classified according to etiology into infectious and non-infectious subtypes/groups. The infectious group may further be classified into bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoal subgroups. The non-infectious group is further classified into diarrhea due to medications, poisoning and systemic illnesses.
 {{Family tree/start}}
 {{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | |A01= Acute diarrhea}}
@@ Line 41: / Line 17: @@
 {{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |}}
 {{Family tree | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|^|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|.| }}
-{{family tree | | | C01 | | C02 | | | | | C03 | | C04 | | | | | | C05 | | | C06 | | | C07 | | | |C01=Bacterial|C02=Viral|C03=Fungal|C04=Protozoa|C05=Medications|C06=Poisoning|C07=Systemic illness}}
+{{Family tree | | | C01 | | C02 | | | | | C03 | | C04 | | | | | | C05 | | | C06 | | | C07 | | | |C01=[[Bacterial]]|C02=[[Viral]]|C03=[[Fungal]]|C04=[[Protozoa]]|C05=[[Medications]]|C06=[[Poisoning]]|C07=[[Systemic illness]]}}
 {{family tree | | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | |!| | | | |!| | | | |}}
-{{family tree | | | C01 | | C02 | | | | | C03 | | C04 | | | | | | C05 | | | C06 | | | C07 | | | |C01=	•Shigella species ( S.dysentriae, S.flexneri, S.sonneii, S.boydii)<br>
+{{familytree |boxstyle=text-align: left; | | | C01 | | C02 | | | | | C03 | | C04 | | | | | | C05 | | | C06 | | | C07 | | | |C01=	•[[Shigella]] species ( S.dysentriae, S.flexneri, S.sonneii, S.boydii)<br>
-•E.coli species (Enterotoxigenic E.coli, Enterohemorrhagic E.coli, Enteroinvasive E.coli, EPEC, EAEC)<br>
+•[[E.coli]] species (Enterotoxigenic E.coli, Enterohemorrhagic E.coli, Enteroinvasive E.coli, EPEC, EAEC)<br>
-•Cryptosporidium parvum<br>
+•[[Cryptosporidium parvum]]<br>
-•Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahemolyticus<br>
+•[[Vibrio cholerae]], [[Vibrio parahemolyticus]]<br>
-•Clostridium perfringens<br>
+•[[Clostridium perfringens]]<br>
-•Non Typhoidal Salmonella: S.typhimurium, S.enterica<br>
+•Non-Typhoidal [[Salmonella]]: S.typhimurium, S.enterica<br>
-•Campylobacter jejuni<br>
+•[[Campylobacter jejuni]]<br>
-•Clostridium difficle<br>
+•[[Clostridium difficle]]<br>
-•Yersinia enterocolitica<br>
+•[[Yersinia enterocolitica]]<br>
-•Staphylococcus aureus (staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome [TSS]<br>
+•[[Staphylococcus aureus]] (staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome [TSS]<br>
-•Aeromonas<br>
+•[[Aeromonas]]<br>
-•Plesiomonas shigelloides<br>
+•[[Plesiomonas shigelloides]]<br>
-•Hemolytic uraemic syndrome (Shiga toxin producing E. coli ETEC)<br>
+•[[Hemolytic uremic syndrome]] (Shiga toxin producing E. coli ETEC)<br>
-•Mycobacterium Avium complex<br>
+•[[Mycobacterium Avium complex]]<br>
-•Bacillus cereus<br>
+•[[Bacillus cereus]]<br>
-•Listeria monocytogenes<br>
+•[[Listeria monocytogenes]]<br>
 |C02=
-•Astro virus<br>
+•[[Astro virus]]<br>
-•Calcivirus<br>
+•[[Calcivirus]]<br>
-•Noro virus<br>
+•[[Noro virus]]<br>
-•Rota virus<br>
+•[[Rota virus]]<br>
-•CMV<br>
+•[[CMV]]<br>
-•Norwalk virus<br>
+•[[Norwalk virus]]<br>
-•Influenza virus<br>
+•[[Influenza virus]]<br>
-•Rubeola virus<br>
+•[[Rubeola virus]]<br>
-•Dengue virus<br>
+•[[Dengue virus]]<br>
-•Human immunodeficiency virus<br>
+•[[Human immunodeficiency virus]]<br>
 | C03=
-•Cryptococcus<br>
+•[[Cryptococcus]]<br>
-•Candida albicans<br>
+•[[Candida albicans]]<br>
 | C04=
-•Giardia lamblia<br>
+•[[Giardia lamblia]]<br>
-•Microsporidia<br>
+•[[Microsporidia]]<br>
-•Isospora<br>
+•[[Isospora]]<br>
 |C05=
-•Digoxin<br>
+•[[Digoxin]]<br>
-•Cephalosporins<br>
+•[[Cephalosporins]]<br>
-•Thiazide diuretics<br>
+•[[Thiazide diuretics]]<br>
-•Triptans<br>
+•[[Triptans]]<br>
-•Lactulose<br>
+•[[Lactulose]]<br>
-•Anti retroviral agents<br>
+•[[Anti retroviral agents]]<br>
-•Chemotherapeutic agents<br>
+•[[Chemotherapeutic agents]]<br>
-•Antifungals<br>
+•[[Antifungals]]<br>
-•Magnesium<br>
+•[[Magnesium]]<br>
 | C06=
-•Organophosphate Poisoning<br>
+•[[Organophosphate]] Poisoning<br>
-•Opium withdrawal<br>
+•[[Opium withdrawal]]<br>
 | C07=
-•Hyperthyroidism<br>
+•[[Hyperthyroidism]]<br>
-•Irritable bowel syndrome<br>
+•[[Irritable bowel syndrome]]<br>
-•Lactose intolerance<br>
+•[[Lactose intolerance]]<br>
-•Tumors: VIPoma<br>
+•[[Tumors]]: [[VIPoma]]<br>
-•Short bowel syndrome<br>
+•[[Short bowel syndrome]]<br>
-•Radiation enteritis<br>
+•[[Radiation enteritis]]<br>
 }}
 {{Family tree/end}}
+==== Classification based on presentation ====
+*Based on the type of presentation, acute diarrhea may be classified into watery and inflammatory types. Watery diarrhea may further be classified into secretory and osmotic types of diarrhea.
+{{Family tree/start}}
-*Based on the duration of symptoms, [disease name] may be classified as either acute or chronic.
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | | | | |A01= Acute diarrhea}}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | | C01 | | | | | | | | C02 | | |C01= Watery |C02=Inflammatory}}
+{{family tree| | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| | | | |}}
+{{familytree |boxstyle=text-align: left; | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.| | | | C03 | | | |C03=
+•[[Crohn’s disease]] or [[ulcerative colitis]]<br>
+•[[Cytomegalovirus]]<br>
+•[[Herpes simplex virus]]<br>
+•[[Strongyloidiasis]]<br>
+•[[Aeromonas]]<br>
+•[[Plesiomonas]]<br>
+•[[Ischemic colitis]]<br>
+•[[Radiation colitis]]}}
+{{family tree| | | | C01 | | | | | | | | C02 | | | | | | | |C01= Secretory| C02= Osmotic}}
+{{family tree| | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | |}}
+{{familytree |boxstyle=text-align: left; | | | | C01 | | | | | | | | C02 | | | | | | | | C01= •Cholera<br>
+•Enterotoxigenic strains of [[E. coli]]<br>
+•Factitious diarrhea from [[laxative abuse]]<br>
+•[[Aeromonas]]<br>
+•[[Plesiomonas]]<br>
+•[[Microsporidia]]<br>
+•[[Giardia]]<br>
+•[[Coccidia]]<br>
+•[[Cryptosporidium]]
+| C02=
+•[[Lactase deficiency]]<br>
+•[[Lactulose]]<br>
+•[[Laxative abuse]]<br>
+•[[Whipple's disease]]}}
+{{Family tree/end}}
 ==References==
@@ Line 110: / Line 116: @@
 {{WH}}
 {{WS}}
-[[Category: (name of the system)]]
+[[Category:Medicine]]
+[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
+[[Category:Up-To-Date]]