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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Gastroparesis}}
{{Gastroparesis}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{MSI}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SSH}}; {{MSI}}
== Overview ==
== Overview ==
[[Scintigraphy|Gastric emptying scintigraphy]] is considered a [[Gold standard (test)|gold standard]] diagnostic test for gastroparesis. [[Delayed gastric emptying]] is confirmed by 10% [[Stomach|gastric]] retention at 4 hours. Factors that affect the results of this test include [[Medication|medications]], [[tobacco smoking]], and [[hyperglycemia]].


== Diagnostic Study of Choice ==
== Diagnostic Study of Choice ==
 
*[[Scintigraphy|Gastric emptying scintigraphy]] is considered a [[Gold standard (test)|gold standard]] diagnostic test for gastroparesis.<ref name="TangFriedenberg2011">{{cite journal|last1=Tang|first1=Derek M.|last2=Friedenberg|first2=Frank K.|title=Gastroparesis: Approach, Diagnostic Evaluation, and Management|journal=Disease-a-Month|volume=57|issue=2|year=2011|pages=74–101|issn=00115029|doi=10.1016/j.disamonth.2010.12.007}}</ref><ref name="KochCalles-Escandón2015">{{cite journal|last1=Koch|first1=Kenneth L.|last2=Calles-Escandón|first2=Jorge|title=Diabetic Gastroparesis|journal=Gastroenterology Clinics of North America|volume=44|issue=1|year=2015|pages=39–57|issn=08898553|doi=10.1016/j.gtc.2014.11.005}}</ref><ref name="pmid18028513">{{cite journal| author=Abell TL, Camilleri M, Donohoe K, Hasler WL, Lin HC, Maurer AH et al.| title=Consensus recommendations for gastric emptying scintigraphy: a joint report of the American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society and the Society of Nuclear Medicine. | journal=Am J Gastroenterol | year= 2008 | volume= 103 | issue= 3 | pages= 753-63 | pmid=18028513 | doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01636.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18028513  }}</ref><ref name="pmid19115465">{{cite journal| author=Waseem S, Moshiree B, Draganov PV| title=Gastroparesis: current diagnostic challenges and management considerations. | journal=World J Gastroenterol | year= 2009 | volume= 15 | issue= 1 | pages= 25-37 | pmid=19115465 | doi= | pmc=2653292 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19115465  }}</ref>
===== Template statements =====
*The method for this test is eating a low-fat, egg-white meal followed by repeated [[Scan|scans]] to measure the rate of [[gastric emptying]] at 0, 1, 2, and 4 hours.
 
*The delayed gastric emptying would be confirmed, if there is:
=== Study of choice: ===
**[[Stomach|Gastric]] retention of 90% at 1 hour
* [Name of the investigation] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of [disease name].
**[[Stomach|Gastric]] retention of 60% at 2 hours (greater accuracy for detecting accelerated [[Stomach|gastric]] emptying)
* The following result of [gold standard test] is confirmatory of [disease name]:
**[[Stomach|Gastric]] retention of 10% at 4 hours (higher accuracy for detecting slow [[Stomach|gastric]] emptying)
** Result 1
*The advantages of [[Stomach|gastric]] emptying scintigraphy include:
** Result 2
**Noninvasive
* The [name of the investigation] should be performed when:
**Quantitative
** The patient presented with symptoms/signs 1. 2, 3.
**High [[Sensitivity (tests)|sensitivity]]
** A positive [test] is detected in the patient.
**High [[Specificity (tests)|specificity]]
* [Name of the investigation] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of [disease name].
* The diagnostic study of choice for [disease name] is [name of the investigation].
* There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name].  
* There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name], but [disease name] can be diagnosed based on [name of the investigation 1] and [name of the investigation 2].
* [Disease name] is mainly diagnosed based on clinical presentation.
* Investigations:
** Among patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most specific test for the diagnosis.
** Among patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most sensitive test for diagnosis.
** Among patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most efficient test for diagnosis.
 
==== The comparison table for diagnostic studies of choice for [disease name] ====
{|
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Sensitivity
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Specificity
|-
! style="background: #696969; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Test 1
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |✔
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |...%
|-
! style="background: #696969; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Test 2
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |...%
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |✔
|}
<small> ✔= The best test based on the feature </small>
 
===== Diagnostic results =====
The following result of [investigation name] is confirmatory of [disease name]:
* Result 1
* Result 2
 
===== Sequence of Diagnostic Studies =====
The [name of investigation] should be performed when:
* The patient presented with symptoms/signs 1, 2, and 3 as the first step of diagnosis.
* A positive [test] is detected in the patient, to confirm the diagnosis.
 
=== Diagnostic Criteria ===
* Here you should describe the details of the diagnostic criteria.
*Always mention the name of the criteria/definition you are about to list (e.g. modified Duke criteria for the diagnosis of endocarditis / 3rd universal definition of MI) and cite the primary source of where this criteria/definition is found.
*Although not necessary, it is recommended that you include the criteria in a table. Make sure you always cite the source of the content and whether the table has been adapted from another source.
*Be very clear as to the number of criteria (or threshold) that needs to be met out of the total number of criteria.
*Distinguish criteria based on their nature (e.g. clinical criteria / pathological criteria/ imaging criteria) before discussing them in details.
*To view an example (endocarditis diagnostic criteria), click [[Endocarditis diagnosis|here]]
*If relevant, add additional information that might help the reader distinguish various criteria or the evolution of criteria (e.g. original criteria vs. modified criteria).
*You may also add information about the sensitivity and specificity of the criteria, the pre-test probability, and other figures that may help the reader understand how valuable the criteria are clinically.
* [Disease name] is mainly diagnosed based on clinical presentation. There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].
* There is no single diagnostic study of choice for [disease name], though [disease name] may be diagnosed based on [name of criteria] established by [...].
 
* The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].
* The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
 
* [Disease name] may be diagnosed at any time if one or more of the following criteria are met:  
** Criteria 1
** Criteria 2
** Criteria 3
 
IF there are clear, established diagnostic criteria:
*The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].
*The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which include [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
*The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [definition name] definition, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
IF there are no established diagnostic criteria:
*There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].
 
 
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 16:00, 20 February 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]; Madhu Sigdel M.B.B.S.[3]

Overview

Gastric emptying scintigraphy is considered a gold standard diagnostic test for gastroparesis. Delayed gastric emptying is confirmed by 10% gastric retention at 4 hours. Factors that affect the results of this test include medications, tobacco smoking, and hyperglycemia.

Diagnostic Study of Choice

References

  1. ↑ Tang, Derek M.; Friedenberg, Frank K. (2011). "Gastroparesis: Approach, Diagnostic Evaluation, and Management". Disease-a-Month. 57 (2): 74–101. doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2010.12.007. ISSN 0011-5029.
  2. ↑ Koch, Kenneth L.; Calles-Escandón, Jorge (2015). "Diabetic Gastroparesis". Gastroenterology Clinics of North America. 44 (1): 39–57. doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2014.11.005. ISSN 0889-8553.
  3. ↑ Abell TL, Camilleri M, Donohoe K, Hasler WL, Lin HC, Maurer AH; et al. (2008). "Consensus recommendations for gastric emptying scintigraphy: a joint report of the American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society and the Society of Nuclear Medicine". Am J Gastroenterol. 103 (3): 753–63. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01636.x. PMID 18028513.
  4. ↑ Waseem S, Moshiree B, Draganov PV (2009). "Gastroparesis: current diagnostic challenges and management considerations". World J Gastroenterol. 15 (1): 25–37. PMC 2653292. PMID 19115465.

Template:WH Template:WS

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