Diaphragmatic paralysis risk factors: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
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{{Diaphragmatic paralysis}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}}  
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MA}}
==Overview==
==Overview==


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
The most potent risk factor in the development of diaphragmatic paralysis is cooling or streching in [[cardiac surgery]]. Other risk factors include [[viruses]], spinal cord transection and [[malnutrition]].  
===Incidence===
*The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.


===Prevalence===
==Risk Factors==
*The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
===Common Risk Factors===
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*Common risk factors in the development of diphragmatic paralysis include:<ref name="pmid147237982">{{cite journal |vauthors=Canbaz S, Turgut N, Halici U, Balci K, Ege T, Duran E |title=Electrophysiological evaluation of phrenic nerve injury during cardiac surgery--a prospective, controlled, clinical study |journal=BMC Surg |volume=4 |issue= |pages=2 |year=2004 |pmid=14723798 |pmc=320489 |doi=10.1186/1471-2482-4-2 |url=}}</ref>
*The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually.
**Cooling or streching in [[cardiac surgery]]<ref name="pmid14723798">{{cite journal |vauthors=Canbaz S, Turgut N, Halici U, Balci K, Ege T, Duran E |title=Electrophysiological evaluation of phrenic nerve injury during cardiac surgery--a prospective, controlled, clinical study |journal=BMC Surg |volume=4 |issue= |pages=2 |year=2004 |pmid=14723798 |pmc=320489 |doi=10.1186/1471-2482-4-2 |url=}}</ref>
**[[Virus]]
**Spinal cord transection


===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate===
===Less Common Risk Factors===
*In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [number range]%.
*Less common risk factors in the development of diaphragmatic paralysis include:
*The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].
**[[Malnutrition]]<ref name="pmid147237983">{{cite journal |vauthors=Canbaz S, Turgut N, Halici U, Balci K, Ege T, Duran E |title=Electrophysiological evaluation of phrenic nerve injury during cardiac surgery--a prospective, controlled, clinical study |journal=BMC Surg |volume=4 |issue= |pages=2 |year=2004 |pmid=14723798 |pmc=320489 |doi=10.1186/1471-2482-4-2 |url=}}</ref>
 
===Age===
*Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
*The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
*[Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
*[Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
*[Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].
 
===Race===
*There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
*[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
===Gender===
*[Disease name] affects men and women equally.
*[Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
===Region===
*The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
 
*[Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
 
===Developed Countries===
 
===Developing Countries===


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Up-To-Date]]

Latest revision as of 21:22, 29 July 2020

Diaphragmatic Paralysis Microchapters

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Overview

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahda Alihashemi M.D. [2]

Overview

The most potent risk factor in the development of diaphragmatic paralysis is cooling or streching in cardiac surgery. Other risk factors include viruses, spinal cord transection and malnutrition.

Risk Factors

Common Risk Factors

  • Common risk factors in the development of diphragmatic paralysis include:[1]

Less Common Risk Factors

  • Less common risk factors in the development of diaphragmatic paralysis include:

References

  1. ↑ Canbaz S, Turgut N, Halici U, Balci K, Ege T, Duran E (2004). "Electrophysiological evaluation of phrenic nerve injury during cardiac surgery--a prospective, controlled, clinical study". BMC Surg. 4: 2. doi:10.1186/1471-2482-4-2. PMC 320489. PMID 14723798.
  2. ↑ Canbaz S, Turgut N, Halici U, Balci K, Ege T, Duran E (2004). "Electrophysiological evaluation of phrenic nerve injury during cardiac surgery--a prospective, controlled, clinical study". BMC Surg. 4: 2. doi:10.1186/1471-2482-4-2. PMC 320489. PMID 14723798.
  3. ↑ Canbaz S, Turgut N, Halici U, Balci K, Ege T, Duran E (2004). "Electrophysiological evaluation of phrenic nerve injury during cardiac surgery--a prospective, controlled, clinical study". BMC Surg. 4: 2. doi:10.1186/1471-2482-4-2. PMC 320489. PMID 14723798.

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