Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung screening: Difference between revisions
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'''Guidelines''' | '''Guidelines''' | ||
* According to the clinical practice guideline by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force ([[USPSTF]]), screening for lung cancer by low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is recommended every year among smokers and former smokers who are between 55 to 80 years old and who have smoked 30 pack-years or more and either continue to smoke or have quit within the past 15 years (grade B recommendation).<ref name="abc">Lung Cancer Screening. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force 2015. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/lung-cancer-screening Accessed on December 20, 2015</ref><ref name=“lung screen">Lung Cancer: Screening http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/lung-cancer-screening. Accessed on February 3, 2016 | * According to the clinical practice guideline by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force ([[USPSTF]]), screening for lung cancer by low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is recommended every year among smokers and former smokers who are between 55 to 80 years old and who have smoked 30 pack-years or more and either continue to smoke or have quit within the past 15 years (grade B recommendation).<ref name="abc">Lung Cancer Screening. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force 2015. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/lung-cancer-screening Accessed on December 20, 2015</ref><ref name="“lung" screen"="">Lung Cancer: Screening http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/lung-cancer-screening. Accessed on February 3, 2016 <nowiki><nowiki></ref><ref name="“JAMA”">Davis AM, Cifu AS. Lung Cancer Screening. JAMA. 2014;312(12):1248-1249. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.12272.</ref><ref name="“ludng"">National Lung Screening Trial.National_Lung_Screening_Trial Accessed on February 4,2016 https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/research/nlst | ||
https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/research/NLSTstudyGuidePatientsPhysicians.pdf</ref> | |||
* According to the [[American College of Chest Physicians]] (CHEST) in 2013, screening for lung cancer by low-dose CT (LDCT) is recommended every year among smokers and former smokers who are aged between 55 and 74 years and who have smoked for 30 pack-years or more and either continue to smoke or have quit within the past 15 years.<ref name="pmid23649455">{{cite journal| author=Detterbeck FC, Mazzone PJ, Naidich DP, Bach PB| title=Screening for Lung Cancer: Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. | journal=Chest | year= 2013 | volume= 143 | issue= 5 Suppl | pages= e78S-92S | pmid=23649455 | doi=10.1378/chest.12-2350 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23649455 }} [http://general-medicine.jwatch.org/cgi/content/full/2013/522/2 Summary in JournalWatch]</ref> | * According to the [[American College of Chest Physicians]] (CHEST) in 2013, screening for lung cancer by low-dose CT (LDCT) is recommended every year among smokers and former smokers who are aged between 55 and 74 years and who have smoked for 30 pack-years or more and either continue to smoke or have quit within the past 15 years.<ref name="pmid23649455">{{cite journal| author=Detterbeck FC, Mazzone PJ, Naidich DP, Bach PB| title=Screening for Lung Cancer: Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. | journal=Chest | year= 2013 | volume= 143 | issue= 5 Suppl | pages= e78S-92S | pmid=23649455 | doi=10.1378/chest.12-2350 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23649455 }} [http://general-medicine.jwatch.org/cgi/content/full/2013/522/2 Summary in JournalWatch]</ref> | ||
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'''Strategies''' | '''Strategies''' | ||
* Low-dose helical computed tomography<ref name="lungscreen">Lung Cancer Screening. National Cancer Institute 2015. http://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/lung-screening-pdq Accessed on December 20, 2015</ref> | * Low-dose helical [[computed tomography]]:<ref name="lungscreen">Lung Cancer Screening. National Cancer Institute 2015. http://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/lung-screening-pdq Accessed on December 20, 2015</ref> | ||
:* Benefits | :* Benefits | ||
::* There is evidence that screening persons aged 55 to 74 years who have cigarette smoking histories of 30 or more pack-years and who, if they are former smokers, have quit within the last 15 years reduces lung cancer mortality by 20% and all-cause mortality by 6.7%. | ::* There is evidence that screening persons aged 55 to 74 years who have [[cigarette]] smoking histories of 30 or more pack-years and who, if they are former smokers, have quit within the last 15 years reduces lung cancer mortality by 20% and all-cause mortality by 6.7%. | ||
:* Harms | :* Harms | ||
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::* False-positive exams may result in unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures. | ::* False-positive exams may result in unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures. | ||
* Chest x-ray and/or sputum cytology<ref name="JAMA">Davis AM, Cifu AS. Lung Cancer Screening. JAMA. 2014;312(12):1248-1249. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.12272.</ref> | * Chest x-ray and/or sputum cytology:<ref name="pmid24037918">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pinsky PF, Church TR, Izmirlian G, Kramer BS |title=The National Lung Screening Trial: results stratified by demographics, smoking history, and lung cancer histology |journal=Cancer |volume=119 |issue=22 |pages=3976–83 |date=November 2013 |pmid=24037918 |pmc=3936005 |doi=10.1002/cncr.28326 |url=}}</ref><ref name="JAMA">Davis AM, Cifu AS. Lung Cancer Screening. JAMA. 2014;312(12):1248-1249. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.12272.</ref><ref name="pmid21714641">{{cite journal |vauthors=Aberle DR, Adams AM, Berg CD, Black WC, Clapp JD, Fagerstrom RM, Gareen IF, Gatsonis C, Marcus PM, Sicks JD |title=Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=365 |issue=5 |pages=395–409 |date=August 2011 |pmid=21714641 |pmc=4356534 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1102873 |url=}}</ref> | ||
:*Benefits | :*Benefits | ||
::*Screening with chest x-ray and/or sputum cytology does not reduce mortality from lung cancer in the general population or in ever-smokers. | ::*Screening with [[Chest X-ray|chest x-ray]] and/or sputum cytology does not reduce [[mortality]] from [[lung cancer]] in the general population or in ever-smokers. | ||
:* Harms | :* Harms | ||
::* False positive exams | ::* False positive exams | ||
::* The majority of all positive chest x-ray screening exams do not result in a true positive diagnosis of lung cancer. | ::* The majority of all positive [[Chest X-ray|chest x-ray]] screening exams do not result in a true positive diagnosis of [[lung cancer]]. | ||
::* False-positive exams result in unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures. | ::* False-positive exams result in unnecessary [[invasive]] diagnostic procedures. | ||
'''Over-diagnosis''' | '''Over-diagnosis''' | ||
* Based on current evidence, the majority of non-small cell lung cancers detected by screening chest x-ray and/or sputum cytology appear to represent over-diagnosed cancer.<ref name="JAMA">Davis AM, Cifu AS. Lung Cancer Screening. JAMA. 2014;312(12):1248-1249. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.12272.</ref> | * Based on current evidence, the majority of non-small cell lung cancers detected by screening [[Chest X-ray|chest x-ray]] and/or sputum cytology appear to represent over-diagnosed cancer.<ref name="JAMA">Davis AM, Cifu AS. Lung Cancer Screening. JAMA. 2014;312(12):1248-1249. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.12272.</ref> | ||
*The magnitude of over-diagnosis appears to be between 5% and 25%. | *The magnitude of over-diagnosis appears to be between 5% and 25%. | ||
*These cancers result in unnecessary diagnostic procedures and also lead to unnecessary treatment. | *These cancers result in unnecessary diagnostic procedures and also lead to unnecessary treatment. | ||
*Harms of diagnostic procedures and treatment occur most frequently among long-term and/or heavy smokers because of smoking-associated | *Harms of diagnostic procedures and treatment occur most frequently among long-term and/or heavy smokers because of smoking-associated comorbidities that increase risk propagation. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 20:27, 17 October 2019
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung Microchapters |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shanshan Cen, M.D. [2] Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [3]
Overview
According to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), screening for lung cancer by low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is recommended every year among smokers who are between 55 to 80 years old and who have history of smoke 30 pack-years or more and either continue to smoke or have quit within the past 15 years (grade B recommendation).
Screening
Guidelines
- According to the clinical practice guideline by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), screening for lung cancer by low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is recommended every year among smokers and former smokers who are between 55 to 80 years old and who have smoked 30 pack-years or more and either continue to smoke or have quit within the past 15 years (grade B recommendation).[1][2][3][4]
- According to the American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) in 2013, screening for lung cancer by low-dose CT (LDCT) is recommended every year among smokers and former smokers who are aged between 55 and 74 years and who have smoked for 30 pack-years or more and either continue to smoke or have quit within the past 15 years.[5]
- To view all the screening guidelines recommendations for squamous cell lung carcinoma, click here
Strategies
- Low-dose helical computed tomography:[6]
- Benefits
- There is evidence that screening persons aged 55 to 74 years who have cigarette smoking histories of 30 or more pack-years and who, if they are former smokers, have quit within the last 15 years reduces lung cancer mortality by 20% and all-cause mortality by 6.7%.
- Harms
- The majority of of all positive low-dose helical computed tomography screening exams do not result in a lung cancer diagnosis.
- False-positive exams may result in unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures.
- Benefits
- Screening with chest x-ray and/or sputum cytology does not reduce mortality from lung cancer in the general population or in ever-smokers.
- Harms
- False positive exams
- The majority of all positive chest x-ray screening exams do not result in a true positive diagnosis of lung cancer.
- False-positive exams result in unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures.
Over-diagnosis
- Based on current evidence, the majority of non-small cell lung cancers detected by screening chest x-ray and/or sputum cytology appear to represent over-diagnosed cancer.[8]
- The magnitude of over-diagnosis appears to be between 5% and 25%.
- These cancers result in unnecessary diagnostic procedures and also lead to unnecessary treatment.
- Harms of diagnostic procedures and treatment occur most frequently among long-term and/or heavy smokers because of smoking-associated comorbidities that increase risk propagation.
References
- ↑ Lung Cancer Screening. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force 2015. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/lung-cancer-screening Accessed on December 20, 2015
- ↑ Lung Cancer: Screening http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/lung-cancer-screening. Accessed on February 3, 2016 <nowiki><nowiki>
- ↑ Davis AM, Cifu AS. Lung Cancer Screening. JAMA. 2014;312(12):1248-1249. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.12272.
- ↑ National Lung Screening Trial.National_Lung_Screening_Trial Accessed on February 4,2016 https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/research/nlst https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/research/NLSTstudyGuidePatientsPhysicians.pdf
- ↑ Detterbeck FC, Mazzone PJ, Naidich DP, Bach PB (2013). "Screening for Lung Cancer: Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines". Chest. 143 (5 Suppl): e78S–92S. doi:10.1378/chest.12-2350. PMID 23649455. Summary in JournalWatch
- ↑ Lung Cancer Screening. National Cancer Institute 2015. http://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/lung-screening-pdq Accessed on December 20, 2015
- ↑ Pinsky PF, Church TR, Izmirlian G, Kramer BS (November 2013). "The National Lung Screening Trial: results stratified by demographics, smoking history, and lung cancer histology". Cancer. 119 (22): 3976–83. doi:10.1002/cncr.28326. PMC 3936005. PMID 24037918.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Davis AM, Cifu AS. Lung Cancer Screening. JAMA. 2014;312(12):1248-1249. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.12272.
- ↑ Aberle DR, Adams AM, Berg CD, Black WC, Clapp JD, Fagerstrom RM, Gareen IF, Gatsonis C, Marcus PM, Sicks JD (August 2011). "Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening". N. Engl. J. Med. 365 (5): 395–409. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1102873. PMC 4356534. PMID 21714641.