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| ==Pathophysiology of ILD== | | ==Widget== |
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| <div style="text-align: center;">'''Algorithm showing pathophysiology of Interstitial Lung Disease'''</div>
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| | <div style="position:right; width:50%; float:right; background-color:#d0d0d0; border-radius: 10px;"><span style="position:right; float:right; width: 100%;"><center>'''Tweets by NEJM!'''<hr>{{#Widget:NEJM}}</center> |
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| {{Family tree/start}}
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| {{Family tree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | T01 | | | | | | | | | | | | T01=[[Tissue]] injury in [[lungs]]}}
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| {{Family tree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | }}
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| {{Family tree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | S01 | | | | | | | | | | S02 | | | | | | | S01=[[Parenchymal]] injury|S02=[[Vascular]] injury}}
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| {{Family tree| | | | | | | | R01 | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | R02 | | | | | | | R01=[[Mast cell]]s in [[lungs]] in response to tissue injury|R02= LPA6, LPA2, and LPA4 receptors }}
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| {{Family tree| | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | }}
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| {{Family tree| | Q01 | | Q06 | | Q03 | | | | | Q02 | | | | | | | | Q04 | | Q05 | | | | | Q01=Decreased [[Secreted frizzled-related protein 1|sFRP-1 (secreted frizzled-related protein 1)]] in [[fibroblasts]]|Q02= [[Insulin-like growth factor]] ([[IGF]]) signalling|Q03=[[Transforming growth factor-β]] ([[TGF-β]])|Q04= Reduced expression of angiogenic factors,<br>[[vascular endothelial growth factor]] (VEGF)|Q05=Elevation of angiostatic factors,<br>pigment epithelium-derived factor|Q06=Secretes [[tryptase]]}}
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| {{Family tree| | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | | | | |`|-|v|-|'| | | | | | }}
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| {{Family tree| | P01 | | P02 | | P05 | | P04 | | | | P03 |.| | | | | | P06 | | | | | P01=[[Wnt signaling pathway|Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway]]|P02=PAR-2/protein kinase (PK)C-α/Raf-1/p44/42 signaling pathway|P03=[[IGFBP3|IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3]])|P04=[[Insulin-like growth factor binding protein|IGF-binding protein 5 (IGFBP-5)]]|P05=Upregulation of Egr-1 (early growth response protein 1)|P06=Loss of [[endothelial]] barrier function }}
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| {{Family tree| O01 |!| | |!| | | |`|-|-|-|^|.| | | | |!| O02 | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | O01=Dysregulation of repair in [[lung tissue]] and activation of [[fibroblasts]]|O02=Regulates [[transforming growth factor-β]] ([[TGF-β]]) }}
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| {{Family tree| | | |!| | |!| | | | | | | | |!| | | | |!|,|'| | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | }}
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| {{Family tree| | | |!| | |!| | | | | | | | |!| | | | A02 | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | A01=|A02=Induction of [[syndecan-2|syndecan-2 (SDC2)]]}}
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| {{Family tree| | | |!| | |`|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.|!|,|-|-|-|'| | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | }}
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| {{Family tree| | | |`|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-| B01 | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | B01=Activation,proliferation, and migration of [[fibroblast]] to the site of injury}}
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| {{Family tree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | C01 | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | C01=[[Fibroblasts]]}}
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| {{Family tree| | | | | | | | | | | | D01 | |!| | D02 | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | D01=Altered PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue)/Akt axis|D02=Acquire contractile stress fibres}}
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| {{Family tree| | | | | | | | | | | | G01 | |!| | G02 | | G03 | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | G01= Inactivates [[FOX proteins|Fox (forkhead box) O3a]]|G02=Protomyofibroblast, composed of cytoplasmic [[actins]]|G03=[[Pleural]] [[mesothelial]] cells (PMCs)}}
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| {{Family tree| | | | | | | | | | | | H01 | |!| | H02 | | H03 | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | H01= Downregulation of [[Caveolin 1|caveolin-1 (cav-1)]] and Fas expression|H02=De novo expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)|H03=TGF-β1-dependent mesothelial–mesenchymal transition}}
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| {{Family tree| | | | | | | | | | | | I01 | |!| | | | I02 | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | I01=[[Fibroblast]] resistant to [[apoptosis]]|I02=[[Myofibroblasts]]}}
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| {{Family tree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!| |)|-|-|-|-|.| | |!| | | | | | | | }}
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| {{Family tree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!| J02 | | | J03 | |!| | | | | | | | J02=Different ranges of contractions mediated by RhoA/Rho-associated kinase|J03=Changes in intracellular calcium concentrations}}
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| {{Family tree| | | | | | | | K01 | | | | | |!| |,|-|'| | | | K02 | | | |!| | | | | K03 | K01=Recruitement of fibrocytes in [[lungs]]|K02=Lock step mechanism of cyclic and contractile events|K03=[[T helper cell|T-helper cell type 2]] on site of injury}}
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| {{Family tree| | | | | | | | L01 | | | | | | L02 | | | | | | L03 | | | |!| | | | | L04 | |L01=Upregulation of [[CXCR4|C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)]]<br>on [[fibrocytes]] and its ligand<br>CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1)|L02=Excess extracellular matrix production|L03=Exerting traction force|L04=[[Interleukin-13]]}}
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| {{Family tree| | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!|,|-|-|-|-|-|-|'| | | | |!| | | | | |!| | }}
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| {{Family tree| | | | | | | | M01 | | | | | | M02 | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | M03 | |M01=Migration of fibrocytes to the site of injury|M02=Tissue remodelling|M03=Alternate pathway activation of [[macrophages]]}}
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| {{Family tree| | | | | | | | |`|-|-|-|-|-|-|.|!|,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|'| | | | | |!| | }}
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| {{Family tree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | N01 |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|'| N01=Lung Fibrosis}}
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| {{Family tree/end}}
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
| <references />
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