Respiratory failure causes: Difference between revisions

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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MKA}}  
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MKA}}  
==Overview==
==Overview==
Common causes of respiratory failure include [[pneumonia]], [[pulmonary edema]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[acute respiratory distress syndrome]], [[atelectasis]], [[asthma]], [[COPD]], [[neuromuscular]] and [[chest wall]] disorders, inadequate post-operative [[analgesia]], [[smoking]], [[obesity]] and [[shock]].  
Common causes of respiratory failure include [[pneumonia]], [[pulmonary edema]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[acute respiratory distress syndrome]], [[atelectasis]], [[asthma]], [[COPD]], [[neuromuscular]] and [[chest wall]] disorders, inadequate post-operative [[analgesia]], [[smoking]], [[obesity]] and [[shock]]. Life-threatening causes of respiratory failure include [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], acute on chronic respiratory failure, [[pulmonary]] infection, [[pulmonary embolism]], [[heart failure]], [[cardiac arrhythmia]] and [[lung cancer]].
 
==Causes==
==Causes==
===Life-threatening Causes===
===Life-threatening causes===
*Life-threatening causes of respiratory failure include [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], acute on chronic respiratory failure, [[pulmonary]] infection, [[pulmonary embolism]], [[heart failure]], [[cardiac arrhythmia]] and [[lung cancer]].<ref name="pmid9151520">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zielinski J, MacNee W, Wedzicha J, Ambrosino N, Braghiroli A, Dolensky J, Howard P, Gorzelak K, Lahdensuo A, Strom K, Tobiasz M, Weitzenblum E |title=Causes of death in patients with COPD and chronic respiratory failure |journal=Monaldi Arch Chest Dis |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=43–7 |date=February 1997 |pmid=9151520 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Life-threatening causes of respiratory failure include [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], acute on chronic respiratory failure, [[pulmonary]] infection, [[pulmonary embolism]], [[heart failure]], [[cardiac arrhythmia]] and [[lung cancer]].<ref name="pmid9151520">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zielinski J, MacNee W, Wedzicha J, Ambrosino N, Braghiroli A, Dolensky J, Howard P, Gorzelak K, Lahdensuo A, Strom K, Tobiasz M, Weitzenblum E |title=Causes of death in patients with COPD and chronic respiratory failure |journal=Monaldi Arch Chest Dis |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=43–7 |date=February 1997 |pmid=9151520 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


Causes of respiratory failure include:<ref name="Source: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.urlRespiratory Failure | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)">{{cite web |url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/respiratory-failure |title=Respiratory Failure &#124; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
===Causes of respiratory failure based on classification of disease===
Causes of respiratory failure based on classification of disease include:<ref name="Source: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.urlRespiratory Failure | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)">{{cite web |url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/respiratory-failure |title=Respiratory Failure &#124; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>


*Type I respiratory failure:
*'''Type I respiratory failure:'''
**[[Pneumonia]]
**[[Pneumonia]]
**[[Cardiogenic pulmonary edema]]
**[[Cardiogenic pulmonary edema]]
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**[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]
**[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]


*Type II respiratory failure:
*'''Type II respiratory failure:'''
**Central [[hypoventilation]]
**Central [[hypoventilation]]
**[[Asthma]]
**[[Asthma]]
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**[[Obesity hypoventilation syndrome]]
**[[Obesity hypoventilation syndrome]]


*Type III respiratory failure:
*'''Type III respiratory failure:'''
**Inadequate post-operative [[analgesia]]
**Inadequate post-operative [[analgesia]]
***Upper [[abdominal]] [[incision]]
***Upper [[abdominal]] [[incision]]
Line 43: Line 45:
**Excessive airway secretions
**Excessive airway secretions


*Type IV respiratory failure:
*'''Type IV respiratory failure:'''
**[[Cardiogenic shock]]
**[[Cardiogenic shock]]
**[[Septic shock]]
**[[Septic shock]]
Line 305: Line 307:


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
 
{{columns-list|
*[[3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate]]
*[[3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate]]
*Acute lung syndrome
*Acute on chronic respiratory failure
*[[Abrin]]
*[[Abrin]]
*[[Acetylsalicylic acid]]
*[[Acetylsalicylic acid]]
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*[[Bufotenin]]
*[[Bufotenin]]
*[[Bungarotoxin]]
*[[Bungarotoxin]]
*Central [[hypoventilation]]
*Coal worker pneumoconiosis
*[[Carbon monoxide poisoning]]
*[[Carbon monoxide poisoning]]
*[[Cardiac arrhythmia]]
*[[Cardiac arrhythmia]]
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*[[Dornase Alfa]]
*[[Dornase Alfa]]
*[[Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy]]
*[[Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy]]
*Excessive airway secretions
*[[Ebstein anomaly]]
*[[Ebstein anomaly]]
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]]
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]]
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*[[Heroin]]
*[[Heroin]]
*[[Hypovolemic shock]]
*[[Hypovolemic shock]]
*Inadequate post-operative [[analgesia]]
*[[Idursulfase]]
*[[Idursulfase]]
*[[interferon alfacon-1]]
*[[interferon alfacon-1]]
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*[[Myasthenia Gravis]]
*[[Myasthenia Gravis]]
*[[Myopathies]]
*[[Myopathies]]
*Near-drowning
*Non-cardiogenic [[pulmonary edema]]
*[[Neuropathies]]
*[[Neuropathies]]
*[[Nitrazepam]]
*[[Nitrazepam]]
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*[[Pulmonary valve stenosis]]
*[[Pulmonary valve stenosis]]
*[[Pulmonary]] infection  
*[[Pulmonary]] infection  
*Pre-operative [[tobacco smoking]]
*[[Rabies]]
*[[Rabies]]
*[[Rasburicase]]
*[[Rasburicase]]
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*[[Restrictive Lung Disease]]
*[[Restrictive Lung Disease]]
*[[Reye's syndrome]]
*[[Reye's syndrome]]
*Sulfur dioxide
*[[Satoyoshi syndrome]]
*[[Satoyoshi syndrome]]
*[[Saxitoxin]]
*[[Saxitoxin]]
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*[[Triazolam]]
*[[Triazolam]]
*[[Tricuspid valve stenosis]]
*[[Tricuspid valve stenosis]]
*Upper [[abdominal]] [[incision]]
*[[Ventricular septal defect]]
*[[Ventricular septal defect]]
*[[Vincristine *sulfate liposome]]
*[[Vincristine *sulfate liposome]]
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*[[Zellweger syndrome]]
*[[Zellweger syndrome]]
*[[Zopiclone]]
*[[Zopiclone]]
*Acute lung syndrome
}}
*Acute on chronic respiratory failure
*Central [[hypoventilation]]
*Coal worker pneumoconiosis
*Excessive airway secretions
*Inadequate post-operative [[analgesia]]
*Near-drowning
*Non-cardiogenic [[pulmonary edema]]
*Pre-operative [[tobacco smoking]]
*Sulfur dioxide
*Upper [[abdominal]] [[incision]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


[[Category:Surgery]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
 
[[Category:Anesthesiology]]
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 23:57, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: M. Khurram Afzal, MD [2]

Overview

Common causes of respiratory failure include pneumonia, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, acute respiratory distress syndrome, atelectasis, asthma, COPD, neuromuscular and chest wall disorders, inadequate post-operative analgesia, smoking, obesity and shock. Life-threatening causes of respiratory failure include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute on chronic respiratory failure, pulmonary infection, pulmonary embolism, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia and lung cancer.

Causes

Life-threatening causes

Causes of respiratory failure based on classification of disease

Causes of respiratory failure based on classification of disease include:[2]

Drugs that can cause respiratory failure

Common drugs that can cause respiratory failure include:[4][5]

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular

Atrial septal defect (ostium primum), Ebstein anomaly, Eisenmenger syndrome, Fallot tetralogy, Pulmonary valve stenosis, Transposition of great arteries, Tricuspid valve stenosis, Ventricular septal defect, Heart failure, Cardiac arrhythmia, Shock

Chemical / poisoning 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate,

Abrin, Aldicarb, Alpha-amanitin, Barium nitrate, Bungarotoxin, Carbon monoxide poisoning, Ceritinib Cocaine, Cone snail, Furfural, Snakebites (Patient information)

Congenital

Atrial septal defect (ostium primum), Bland-White-Garland Syndrome, Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome, Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, Fallot tetralogy, Fetal circulation, persistent, Respiratory distress syndrome (neonatal)

Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Codeine, Clozapine, Crizotinib, Cyclophosphamide, Desmopressin, Dornase Alfa, Fentanyl, Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid, galsulfase, Heroin, Idursulfase, interferon alfacon-1, Ixabepilone, Ketamine, Lidocaine, Labetalol, Lorazepam, Morphine, Nitrazepam, Opiate, Oxymorphone, Pegylated interferon alfa-2b, Pramipexole, Procainamide (patient information), Rasburicase, Sodium thiopental, Tretinoin, Triazolam, Vincristine sulfate liposome, Zopiclone
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental

Asbestosis, Coal worker pneumoconiosis, Smoke inhalation, Sulfur dioxide

Gastroenterologic

Hepatic failure, Hepatopulmonary syndrome

Genetic

Achondrogenesis, Acute Porphyria, Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, Atelosteogenesis, type II, Becker's muscular dystrophy, Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency, Cystic fibrosis, Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy, Familial dysautonomia, Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, Osteogenesis imperfecta, Thanatophoric dysplasia

Hematologic

Acute Porphyria, Cholesterol Emboli Syndrome, Fat embolism, Sepsis

Iatrogenic

Blood transfusion, EVAR

Infectious Disease

Babesiosis, Botulism, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Heartworm, Post-polio syndrome, Rabies, Tetanus

Musculoskeletal / Ortho

Kyphoscoliosis

Neurologic

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Meningitis, Polyrediculitis, Zellweger syndrome

Nutritional / Metabolic

Metabolic Acidosis

Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic

Malignant Mesothelioma

Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity

Acetylsalicylic acid, Alcohol, Bufotenin, Clitocybe dealbata, Colchicine, Cytisine, Dicofol, Saxitoxin, Tetrodotoxin, Tick paralysis, Vinyl chloride

Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary

Acute lung syndrome, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, Atelectasis, Bronchial asthma, Bronchiectasis, Bronchiolitis, Bronchiolitis obliterans, Bronchogenic carcinoma, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung, Emphysema, Eosinophilic pneumonia, Fibrosing alveolitis, Flail chest, Interstitial fibrosis, Laryngo-/Bronchospasm, Legionella pneumophila, Pleural effusion, Pneumonia, Pneumothorax, Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, Pulmonary arterio-venous malformation, Pulmonary edema, Pulmonary embolism, Pulmonary hypertension, Pulmonary oedema, Restrictive Lung Disease, Status asthmaticus, Lung cancer

Renal / Electrolyte

Electrolyte abnormalities

Rheum / Immune / Allergy

Acute motor axonal neuropathy, Anaphylaxis, Angioedema, Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome, Devic's disease, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Hamman-Rich Syndrome, Myasthenia Gravis, Satoyoshi syndrome

Trauma

Ebstein anomaly, Flail chest

Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous

Aspiration, Foreign body, Malignant hyperpyrexia, Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, Near-drowning, Reye's syndrome

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ Zielinski J, MacNee W, Wedzicha J, Ambrosino N, Braghiroli A, Dolensky J, Howard P, Gorzelak K, Lahdensuo A, Strom K, Tobiasz M, Weitzenblum E (February 1997). "Causes of death in patients with COPD and chronic respiratory failure". Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 52 (1): 43–7. PMID 9151520.
  2. ↑ "Respiratory Failure | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)".
  3. ↑ Roy TM, Walker JF, Farrow JR (April 1991). "Respiratory failure associated with myasthenia gravis". J Ky Med Assoc. 89 (4): 169–73. PMID 2040830.
  4. ↑ Caruso AL, Bouillon TW, Schumacher PM, Luginbuhl M, Morari M (2007). "Drug-induced respiratory depression: an integrated model of drug effects on the hypercapnic and hypoxic drive". Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2007: 4259–63. doi:10.1109/IEMBS.2007.4353277. PMID 18002943.
  5. ↑ Wilson KC, Saukkonen JJ (2004). "Acute respiratory failure from abused substances". J Intensive Care Med. 19 (4): 183–93. doi:10.1177/0885066604263918. PMID 15296619.

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