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Latest revision as of 23:57, 29 July 2020
Respiratory failure Microchapters |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: M. Khurram Afzal, MD [2]
Overview
Common causes of respiratory failure include pneumonia, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, acute respiratory distress syndrome, atelectasis, asthma, COPD, neuromuscular and chest wall disorders, inadequate post-operative analgesia, smoking, obesity and shock. Life-threatening causes of respiratory failure include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute on chronic respiratory failure, pulmonary infection, pulmonary embolism, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia and lung cancer.
Causes
Life-threatening causes
- Life-threatening causes of respiratory failure include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute on chronic respiratory failure, pulmonary infection, pulmonary embolism, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia and lung cancer.[1]
Causes of respiratory failure based on classification of disease
Causes of respiratory failure based on classification of disease include:[2]
- Type I respiratory failure:
- Pneumonia
- Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
- Caused by increased hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries
- Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
- Caused by increased permeability in the pulmonary capillaries
- Acute lung injury
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- Pulmonary embolism
- Atelectasis
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- Type II respiratory failure:
- Central hypoventilation
- Asthma
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Hypoxemia and hypercapnia often coexist
- Neuromuscular and chest wall disorders
- Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
- Type III respiratory failure:
- Type IV respiratory failure:
Drugs that can cause respiratory failure
Common drugs that can cause respiratory failure include:[4][5]
- Azacitidine
- Codeine
- Clozapine
- Fentanyl
- Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid
- Heroin
- Ketamine
- Lidocaine
- Labetalol
- Lorazepam
- Morphine
- Nitrazepam
- Opiate
- Oxymorphone
- Procainamide (patient information)
- Sodium thiopental
- Triazolam
- Zopiclone
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate
- Acute lung syndrome
- Acute on chronic respiratory failure
- Abrin
- Acetylsalicylic acid
- Achondrogenesis
- Acute lung injury
- Acute motor axonal neuropathy
- Acute Porphyria
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- Alcohol
- Aldicarb
- Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency
- Alpha-amanitin
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- Anaphylaxis
- Angioedema
- Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome
- Asbestosis
- Ascites
- Aspiration
- Asthma
- Atelectasis
- Atelosteogenesis, type II
- Atrial septal defect (ostium primum)
- Azacitidine
- Babesiosis
- Barium nitrate
- Becker's muscular dystrophy
- Bland-White-Garland Syndrome
- Blood transfusion
- Botulism
- Bronchial asthma
- Bronchiectasis
- Bronchiolitis obliterans
- Bronchiolitis
- Bronchogenic carcinoma
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- Bufotenin
- Bungarotoxin
- Central hypoventilation
- Coal worker pneumoconiosis
- Carbon monoxide poisoning
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
- Cardiogenic shock
- Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency
- Ceritinib
- Cholesterol Emboli Syndrome
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Clitocybe dealbata
- Clozapine
- Cocaine
- Codeine
- Colchicine
- Cone snail
- Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome
- Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
- Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
- Crizotinib
- Cyclophosphamide
- Cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung
- Cystic fibrosis
- Cytisine
- Desmopressin
- Devic's disease
- Dicofol
- Dornase Alfa
- Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy
- Excessive airway secretions
- Ebstein anomaly
- Eisenmenger syndrome
- Emphysema
- Eosinophilic pneumonia
- EVAR
- Fallot tetralogy
- Familial dysautonomia
- Fat embolism
- Fentanyl
- Fetal circulation, persistent
- Fibrosing alveolitis
- Flail chest
- Foreign body
- Furfural
- galsulfase
- Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid
- Guillain-Barre syndrome
- Hamman-Rich Syndrome
- Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
- Heart failure
- Heartworm
- Hepatic failure
- Hepatopulmonary syndrome
- Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
- Heroin
- Hypovolemic shock
- Inadequate post-operative analgesia
- Idursulfase
- interferon alfacon-1
- Interstitial fibrosis
- Ixabepilone
- Ketamine
- Kyphoscoliosis
- Labetalol
- Laryngo-/Bronchospasm
- Legionella pneumophila
- Lidocaine
- Lorazepam
- Lung cancer
- Malignant hyperpyrexia
- Malignant Mesothelioma
- Meningitis
- Metabolic Acidosis
- Morphine
- Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
- Myasthenia Gravis
- Myopathies
- Near-drowning
- Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
- Neuropathies
- Nitrazepam
- Obesity
- Opiate
- Osteogenesis imperfecta
- Oxymorphone
- Pegylated interferon alfa-2b
- Pleural effusion
- Pneumonia
- Pneumothorax
- Polyrediculitis
- Post-polio syndrome
- Pramipexole
- Procainamide
- Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
- Pulmonary arterio-venous malformation
- Pulmonary edema
- Pulmonary embolism
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Pulmonary edema
- Pulmonary valve stenosis
- Pulmonary infection
- Pre-operative tobacco smoking
- Rabies
- Rasburicase
- Respiratory distress syndrome (neonatal)
- Restrictive Lung Disease
- Reye's syndrome
- Sulfur dioxide
- Satoyoshi syndrome
- Saxitoxin
- Sepsis
- Septic shock
- Shock
- Smoke inhalation
- Snakebites
- Sodium thiopental
- Status asthmaticus
- Tetanus
- Tetrodotoxin
- Thanatophoric dysplasia
- Tick paralysis
- Transposition of great arteries
- Tretinoin
- Triazolam
- Tricuspid valve stenosis
- Upper abdominal incision
- Ventricular septal defect
- Vincristine *sulfate liposome
- Vinyl chloride
- Zellweger syndrome
- Zopiclone
References
- ↑ Zielinski J, MacNee W, Wedzicha J, Ambrosino N, Braghiroli A, Dolensky J, Howard P, Gorzelak K, Lahdensuo A, Strom K, Tobiasz M, Weitzenblum E (February 1997). "Causes of death in patients with COPD and chronic respiratory failure". Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 52 (1): 43–7. PMID 9151520.
- ↑ "Respiratory Failure | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)".
- ↑ Roy TM, Walker JF, Farrow JR (April 1991). "Respiratory failure associated with myasthenia gravis". J Ky Med Assoc. 89 (4): 169–73. PMID 2040830.
- ↑ Caruso AL, Bouillon TW, Schumacher PM, Luginbuhl M, Morari M (2007). "Drug-induced respiratory depression: an integrated model of drug effects on the hypercapnic and hypoxic drive". Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2007: 4259–63. doi:10.1109/IEMBS.2007.4353277. PMID 18002943.
- ↑ Wilson KC, Saukkonen JJ (2004). "Acute respiratory failure from abused substances". J Intensive Care Med. 19 (4): 183–93. doi:10.1177/0885066604263918. PMID 15296619.