Antiphospholipid syndrome resident survival guide: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__


{{CMG}};  
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{FT}}
== Overview ==
== Overview ==


== Causes ==
== Causes ==
The causes of antiphospholipid syndrome are as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
!Autoimmune diseases
!Infections
!Drugs
!Malignancy
|-
|
* Systemic lupus erythmatosus(SLE)
|'''Bacterial infections:'''
* Leptospirosis<ref name="pmid1853785">{{cite journal| author=McNeil HP, Chesterman CN, Krilis SA| title=Immunology and clinical importance of antiphospholipid antibodies. | journal=Adv Immunol | year= 1991 | volume= 49 | issue=  | pages= 193-280 | pmid=1853785 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1853785  }} </ref><ref name="pmid10477458">{{cite journal| author=Safa O, Crippa L, Della Valle P, Sabbadini MG, Viganò D'Angelo S, D'Angelo A| title=IgG reactivity to phospholipid-bound beta(2)-glycoprotein I is the main determinant of the fraction of lupus anticoagulant activity quenched by addition of hexagonal (II) phase phospholipid in patients with the clinical suspicion of antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome. | journal=Haematologica | year= 1999 | volume= 84 | issue= 9 | pages= 829-38 | pmid=10477458 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10477458  }} </ref>
* Syphilis
* Lymes disease
* Tuberculosis<ref name="pmid9814666">{{cite journal| author=Triplett DA| title=Many faces of lupus anticoagulants. | journal=Lupus | year= 1998 | volume= 7 Suppl 2 | issue=  | pages= S18-22 | pmid=9814666 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9814666  }} </ref>
* Leprosy
* Infective endocarditis
* Post-Streptococcal rheumatic fever
* Klebsiella infection
'''Viral infections:'''
* Hepatitis A,B and C
* HIV
* Ebstein Barr virus
* Adenovirus
* Rubella
* Parvovirus
* Cytomegalovirus
* Varicella Zoster virus
'''Parasitic infections:'''
* Visceral leischmaniasis
* Pneumocysitis jirovecci
* Malaria
|
* Chlorpromazine
* Procainamide
* Hydralazine
* Quinidine
* Quinine
* Phenytoin
* Alpha interferon
* Oral contraceptives
* Amoxicillin
* Chlorothiazide
* Propanolol
|Tumors of the following organs can cause APS:
* Lung
* Colon
* Breast
* Cervix
* Ovary
'''Cancers:'''
* Hodgkins lymphoma
* Non-hodgkins lymphoma
* Myeloid leukemia
* Lymphocytic leukemia
* Primary myelofibrosis
* Polycythemia vera
|}


== FIRE ==
== FIRE ==
Line 31: Line 89:


== Treatment ==
== Treatment ==
*Treatment of acute thrombosis
*Treatment of recurrent thrombosis despite anticoagulation
*Anticoagulation in pregnancy
*Treatment of refractory cases in pregnancy


== Do's ==
== Do's ==

Latest revision as of 02:38, 6 April 2018

Antiphospholipid syndrome
Resident Survival Guide
Overview
Causes
FIRE
Diagnosis
Treatment
Do's
Don'ts


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]

Overview

Causes

The causes of antiphospholipid syndrome are as follows:

Autoimmune diseases Infections Drugs Malignancy
  • Systemic lupus erythmatosus(SLE)
 Bacterial infections:
  • Leptospirosis[1][2]
  • Syphilis
  • Lymes disease
  • Tuberculosis[3]
  • Leprosy
  • Infective endocarditis
  • Post-Streptococcal rheumatic fever
  • Klebsiella infection

Viral infections:

  • Hepatitis A,B and C
  • HIV
  • Ebstein Barr virus
  • Adenovirus
  • Rubella
  • Parvovirus
  • Cytomegalovirus
  • Varicella Zoster virus

Parasitic infections:

  • Visceral leischmaniasis
  • Pneumocysitis jirovecci
  • Malaria
  • Chlorpromazine
  • Procainamide
  • Hydralazine
  • Quinidine
  • Quinine
  • Phenytoin
  • Alpha interferon
  • Oral contraceptives
  • Amoxicillin
  • Chlorothiazide
  • Propanolol
 Tumors of the following organs can cause APS:
  • Lung
  • Colon
  • Breast
  • Cervix
  • Ovary

Cancers:

  • Hodgkins lymphoma
  • Non-hodgkins lymphoma
  • Myeloid leukemia
  • Lymphocytic leukemia
  • Primary myelofibrosis
  • Polycythemia vera

FIRE

Diagnosis

Treatment

  • Treatment of acute thrombosis
  • Treatment of recurrent thrombosis despite anticoagulation
  • Anticoagulation in pregnancy
  • Treatment of refractory cases in pregnancy

Do's

Don'ts

References

  1. ↑ McNeil HP, Chesterman CN, Krilis SA (1991). "Immunology and clinical importance of antiphospholipid antibodies". Adv Immunol. 49: 193–280. PMID 1853785.
  2. ↑ Safa O, Crippa L, Della Valle P, Sabbadini MG, Viganò D'Angelo S, D'Angelo A (1999). "IgG reactivity to phospholipid-bound beta(2)-glycoprotein I is the main determinant of the fraction of lupus anticoagulant activity quenched by addition of hexagonal (II) phase phospholipid in patients with the clinical suspicion of antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome". Haematologica. 84 (9): 829–38. PMID 10477458.
  3. ↑ Triplett DA (1998). "Many faces of lupus anticoagulants". Lupus. 7 Suppl 2: S18–22. PMID 9814666.
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