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==Overview== | |||
The most common symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome include ocular and oral symptoms. Patients with Sjögren's syndrome may have a positive history of [[rheumatoid arthritis]] (RA), [[systemic lupus erythematous]] (SLE) and non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma. | |||
==History and Symptoms== | ==History and Symptoms== | ||
*The most common symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome include ocular and oral symptoms. | *The most common symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome include [[ocular]] and [[Mouth|oral]] symptoms. | ||
===History=== | ===History=== | ||
Patients with Sjögren's syndrome may have | Patients with Sjögren's syndrome may have positive past and family history of: | ||
*Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | *[[Rheumatoid arthritis]] ([[Right atrial enlargement|RA]]) | ||
*Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) | *[[Systemic lupus erythematous]] ([[SLE]]) | ||
*Non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma | *[[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma|Non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma]] | ||
===Common Symptoms=== | ===Common Symptoms=== | ||
Common symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome include: | Common symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome include:<ref name="pmid21291650">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kittridge A, Routhouska SB, Korman NJ |title=Dermatologic manifestations of Sjögren syndrome |journal=J Cutan Med Surg |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=8–14 |date=2011 |pmid=21291650 |doi=10.2310/7750.2010.09033 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15485020">{{cite journal |vauthors=Roguedas AM, Misery L, Sassolas B, Le Masson G, Pennec YL, Youinou P |title=Cutaneous manifestations of primary Sjögren's syndrome are underestimated |journal=Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. |volume=22 |issue=5 |pages=632–6 |date=2004 |pmid=15485020 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19745687">{{cite journal |vauthors=Baimpa E, Dahabreh IJ, Voulgarelis M, Moutsopoulos HM |title=Hematologic manifestations and predictors of lymphoma development in primary Sjögren syndrome: clinical and pathophysiologic aspects |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=88 |issue=5 |pages=284–93 |date=September 2009 |pmid=19745687 |doi=10.1097/MD.0b013e3181b76ab5 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23936829">{{cite journal |vauthors=Amezcua-Guerra LM, Hofmann F, Vargas A, Rodriguez-Henriquez P, Solano C, Hernández-Díaz C, Castillo-Martinez D, Ventura-Ríos L, Gutiérrez M, Pineda C |title=Joint involvement in primary Sjögren's syndrome: an ultrasound "target area approach to arthritis" |journal=Biomed Res Int |volume=2013 |issue= |pages=640265 |date=2013 |pmid=23936829 |pmc=3722787 |doi=10.1155/2013/640265 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11961175">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kanellopoulos P, Baltoyiannis C, Tzioufas AG |title=Primary Sjögren's syndrome associated with inclusion body myositis |journal=Rheumatology (Oxford) |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=440–4 |date=April 2002 |pmid=11961175 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7485204">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pérez B, Kraus A, López G, Cifuentes M, Alarcón-Segovia D |title=Autoimmune thyroid disease in primary Sjögren's syndrome |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=99 |issue=5 |pages=480–4 |date=November 1995 |pmid=7485204 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1271390">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ramirez-Mata M, Pena Ancira FF, Alarcon-Segovia D |title=Abnormal esophageal motility in primary Sjögren's syndrome |journal=J. Rheumatol. |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=63–9 |date=March 1976 |pmid=1271390 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8141212">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lehrer S, Bogursky E, Yemini M, Kase NG, Birkenfeld A |title=Gynecologic manifestations of Sjögren's syndrome |journal=Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. |volume=170 |issue=3 |pages=835–7 |date=March 1994 |pmid=8141212 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3261608">{{cite journal |vauthors=Binder A, Snaith ML, Isenberg D |title=Sjögren's syndrome: a study of its neurological complications |journal=Br. J. Rheumatol. |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=275–80 |date=August 1988 |pmid=3261608 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12169883">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ramos-Casals M, Font J, Garcia-Carrasco M, Brito MP, Rosas J, Calvo-Alen J, Pallares L, Cervera R, Ingelmo M |title=Primary Sjögren syndrome: hematologic patterns of disease expression |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=81 |issue=4 |pages=281–92 |date=July 2002 |pmid=12169883 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*'''Skin manifestations''' | *'''Skin manifestations''' | ||
**Xerosis | **[[Xerosis]] | ||
**Purpura, associated with vascular or hematologic abnormalities | **[[Purpura]], associated with vascular or hematologic abnormalities | ||
**Raynaud phenomenon | **[[Raynaud phenomenon]] | ||
**Cutaneous vasculitis | **[[Cutaneous]] [[vasculitis]] | ||
**Annular erythema | **Annular [[erythema]] | ||
**Erythema nodosum | **[[Erythema nodosum]] | ||
**Livedo reticularis | **[[Livedo reticularis]] | ||
**Lichen planus | **[[Lichen planus]] | ||
**Vitiligo | **[[Vitiligo]] | ||
**Cutaneous amyloidosis | **[[Cutaneous]] [[amyloidosis]] | ||
**Granuloma annulare | **[[Granuloma annulare]] | ||
**Angular cheilitis | **[[Angular cheilitis]] | ||
**Eyelid dermatitis | **Eyelid [[dermatitis]] | ||
*'''Musculoskeletal manifestations''' | *'''Musculoskeletal manifestations''' | ||
**Arthralgia | **[[Arthralgia]] | ||
**Arthritis | **[[Arthritis]] | ||
**Myopathy | **[[Myopathy]] | ||
*'''Fatigue and fibromyalgia''' | *'''Fatigue and fibromyalgia''' | ||
*'''Pulmonary symptoms''' | *'''Pulmonary symptoms''' | ||
**Dryness of the tracheobronchial mucosa(xerotrachea) | **Dryness of the tracheobronchial mucosa (xerotrachea) | ||
**Dry cough | **[[Dry cough]] | ||
**Recurrent bronchitis | **Recurrent [[bronchitis]] | ||
**Pneumonitis (infectious or noninfectious) | **[[Pneumonitis]] (infectious or noninfectious) | ||
**[[Dyspnea]] from [[interstitial lung disease]] | |||
*'''Gastrointestinal manifestations''' | *'''Gastrointestinal manifestations''' | ||
**Dysphagia | **[[Dysphagia]] | ||
**Nausea | **[[Nausea]] | ||
**Dyspepsia and gastritis | **[[Dyspepsia]] and [[gastritis]] | ||
**Celiac disease | **[[Celiac disease]] | ||
**Hepatic abnormalities | **Hepatic abnormalities | ||
**subclinical pancreatic disease | **subclinical [[pancreatic disease]] | ||
*'''Cardiac involvement''' | *'''Cardiac involvement''' | ||
**Pericarditis | **[[Pericarditis]] | ||
**Pulmonary hypertension | **[[Pulmonary hypertension]] | ||
**Dysfunction of autonomic control of blood pressure | **Dysfunction of autonomic control of [[blood pressure]] | ||
**Myocardial disease | **Myocardial disease | ||
*'''Neurologic and psychiatric symptoms''' | *'''Neurologic and psychiatric symptoms''' | ||
**Myelopathy | **[[Myelopathy]] | ||
**Optic neuropathy | **[[Optic neuropathy]] | ||
**Seizures | **[[Seizures]] | ||
**Cognitive dysfunction | **[[Cognitive]] dysfunction | ||
**Encephalopathy | **[[Encephalopathy]] | ||
**Painful sensory neuropathy | **Painful [[sensory]] [[neuropathy]] | ||
**Sensory ataxic neuropathy | **[[Sensory]] [[Ataxia|ataxic]] [[neuropathy]] | ||
**Pure sensory trigeminal neuropathy | **Pure [[sensory]] [[trigeminal]] [[neuropathy]] | ||
**Axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy | **[[Axonal]] [[sensorimotor]] [[polyneuropathy]] | ||
**Mononeuritis multiplex | **[[Mononeuritis multiplex]] | ||
**Multiple cranial neuropathies | **Multiple cranial [[neuropathies]] | ||
**Radiculoneuropathy | **Radiculoneuropathy | ||
**Autonomic neuropathy | **Autonomic [[neuropathy]] | ||
**Depression | **[[Depression]] | ||
*'''Urogenital manifestations''' | *'''Urogenital manifestations''' | ||
**Interstitial nephritis | **[[Interstitial nephritis]] | ||
**Interstitial cystitis | **[[Interstitial cystitis]] | ||
**Vulvovaginal dryness, pruritus, and dyspareunia | **Vulvovaginal dryness, pruritus, and dyspareunia | ||
*'''Parotitis''' | *'''Parotitis''' | ||
*'''Vasculitis''' | |||
*'''Hematologic manifestations''' | |||
**[[Anemia]] | |||
**[[Leukopenia]] | |||
**Mild thrombocytopenia | |||
*'''Hypergammaglobulinemia and hypogammaglobulinemia''' | |||
**[[Monoclonal gammopathy]] | |||
**[[Cryoglobulins]] | |||
*'''Thyroid disease''' | |||
**Autoimmune thyroiditis | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Immunology]] | |||
[[Category:Rheumatology]] | [[Category:Rheumatology]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]
Overview
The most common symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome include ocular and oral symptoms. Patients with Sjögren's syndrome may have a positive history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) and non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma.
History and Symptoms
History
Patients with Sjögren's syndrome may have positive past and family history of:
Common Symptoms
Common symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome include:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]
- Skin manifestations
- Xerosis
- Purpura, associated with vascular or hematologic abnormalities
- Raynaud phenomenon
- Cutaneous vasculitis
- Annular erythema
- Erythema nodosum
- Livedo reticularis
- Lichen planus
- Vitiligo
- Cutaneous amyloidosis
- Granuloma annulare
- Angular cheilitis
- Eyelid dermatitis
- Musculoskeletal manifestations
- Fatigue and fibromyalgia
- Pulmonary symptoms
- Dryness of the tracheobronchial mucosa (xerotrachea)
- Dry cough
- Recurrent bronchitis
- Pneumonitis (infectious or noninfectious)
- Dyspnea from interstitial lung disease
- Gastrointestinal manifestations
- Dysphagia
- Nausea
- Dyspepsia and gastritis
- Celiac disease
- Hepatic abnormalities
- subclinical pancreatic disease
- Cardiac involvement
- Pericarditis
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Dysfunction of autonomic control of blood pressure
- Myocardial disease
- Neurologic and psychiatric symptoms
- Myelopathy
- Optic neuropathy
- Seizures
- Cognitive dysfunction
- Encephalopathy
- Painful sensory neuropathy
- Sensory ataxic neuropathy
- Pure sensory trigeminal neuropathy
- Axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy
- Mononeuritis multiplex
- Multiple cranial neuropathies
- Radiculoneuropathy
- Autonomic neuropathy
- Depression
- Urogenital manifestations
- Interstitial nephritis
- Interstitial cystitis
- Vulvovaginal dryness, pruritus, and dyspareunia
- Parotitis
- Vasculitis
- Hematologic manifestations
- Anemia
- Leukopenia
- Mild thrombocytopenia
- Hypergammaglobulinemia and hypogammaglobulinemia
- Thyroid disease
- Autoimmune thyroiditis
References
- ↑ Kittridge A, Routhouska SB, Korman NJ (2011). "Dermatologic manifestations of Sjögren syndrome". J Cutan Med Surg. 15 (1): 8–14. doi:10.2310/7750.2010.09033. PMID 21291650.
- ↑ Roguedas AM, Misery L, Sassolas B, Le Masson G, Pennec YL, Youinou P (2004). "Cutaneous manifestations of primary Sjögren's syndrome are underestimated". Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 22 (5): 632–6. PMID 15485020.
- ↑ Baimpa E, Dahabreh IJ, Voulgarelis M, Moutsopoulos HM (September 2009). "Hematologic manifestations and predictors of lymphoma development in primary Sjögren syndrome: clinical and pathophysiologic aspects". Medicine (Baltimore). 88 (5): 284–93. doi:10.1097/MD.0b013e3181b76ab5. PMID 19745687.
- ↑ Amezcua-Guerra LM, Hofmann F, Vargas A, Rodriguez-Henriquez P, Solano C, Hernández-Díaz C, Castillo-Martinez D, Ventura-Ríos L, Gutiérrez M, Pineda C (2013). "Joint involvement in primary Sjögren's syndrome: an ultrasound "target area approach to arthritis"". Biomed Res Int. 2013: 640265. doi:10.1155/2013/640265. PMC 3722787. PMID 23936829.
- ↑ Kanellopoulos P, Baltoyiannis C, Tzioufas AG (April 2002). "Primary Sjögren's syndrome associated with inclusion body myositis". Rheumatology (Oxford). 41 (4): 440–4. PMID 11961175.
- ↑ Pérez B, Kraus A, López G, Cifuentes M, Alarcón-Segovia D (November 1995). "Autoimmune thyroid disease in primary Sjögren's syndrome". Am. J. Med. 99 (5): 480–4. PMID 7485204.
- ↑ Ramirez-Mata M, Pena Ancira FF, Alarcon-Segovia D (March 1976). "Abnormal esophageal motility in primary Sjögren's syndrome". J. Rheumatol. 3 (1): 63–9. PMID 1271390.
- ↑ Lehrer S, Bogursky E, Yemini M, Kase NG, Birkenfeld A (March 1994). "Gynecologic manifestations of Sjögren's syndrome". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 170 (3): 835–7. PMID 8141212.
- ↑ Binder A, Snaith ML, Isenberg D (August 1988). "Sjögren's syndrome: a study of its neurological complications". Br. J. Rheumatol. 27 (4): 275–80. PMID 3261608.
- ↑ Ramos-Casals M, Font J, Garcia-Carrasco M, Brito MP, Rosas J, Calvo-Alen J, Pallares L, Cervera R, Ingelmo M (July 2002). "Primary Sjögren syndrome: hematologic patterns of disease expression". Medicine (Baltimore). 81 (4): 281–92. PMID 12169883.