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==Overview==
==Overview==
Diabetes mellitus both type1 and type 2 is the major cause. It is thought to be due to hyperfiltration through the renal glomeruli. The chances of developing diabetic nephropathy is markedly increased in patients with a diabetic sibling or parent who has diabetic nephropathy. these observations have been seen in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The genetic basis underlying the heritability of diabetic nephropathy is not known.


==Causes==
==Causes==
*The exact cause of diabetic nephropathy is unknown.
* Diabetes, type 1 or 2
*However, it is thought that hyperfiltration through the renal glomeruli may be responsible for the manifestations of the disease.<ref name="pmid14684674">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ziyadeh FN |title=Mediators of diabetic renal disease: the case for tgf-Beta as the major mediator |journal=J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. |volume=15 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages=S55–7 |date=January 2004 |pmid=14684674 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Persistent, uncontrolled hyperglycemia
*The hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetics may increase the expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), leading to glomerular hypercellularity.
* Hypertension in the presence of diabetes.
*The occurrence of diabetic nephropathy may be attributed to a genetic factor as it is more common in certain ethnicities. Moreover, certain polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme has been associated with the development of diabetic nephropathy.<ref name="pmid20057426">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rask-Madsen C, King GL |title=Kidney complications: factors that protect the diabetic vasculature |journal=Nat. Med. |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=40–1 |date=January 2010 |pmid=20057426 |doi=10.1038/nm0110-40 |url=}}</ref>
* Diabetes with smoking
*A recent study has shown an association between folic acid deficiency and the development of diabetic nephropathy.{{cite journal |vauthors=Chiarelli F, Gaspari S, Marcovecchio ML |title=Role of growth factors in diabetic kidney disease |journal=Horm. Metab. Res. |volume=41 |issue=8 |pages=585–93 |date=August 2009 |pmid=19452424 |doi=10.1055/s-0029-1220752 |url=}}
* High blood cholesterol and diabetes
* Genetic factors


==References==
==References<ref name="pmid29999545">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chang MS, Hsu YH |title=The role of IL-20 in chronic kidney disease and diabetic nephropathy: Pathogenic and therapeutic implications |journal=J. Leukoc. Biol. |volume= |issue= |pages= |date=July 2018 |pmid=29999545 |doi=10.1002/JLB.MR1217-489R |url=}}</ref>==
 
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Latest revision as of 19:01, 26 July 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]

Overview

Diabetes mellitus both type1 and type 2 is the major cause. It is thought to be due to hyperfiltration through the renal glomeruli. The chances of developing diabetic nephropathy is markedly increased in patients with a diabetic sibling or parent who has diabetic nephropathy. these observations have been seen in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The genetic basis underlying the heritability of diabetic nephropathy is not known.

Causes

  • Diabetes, type 1 or 2
  • Persistent, uncontrolled hyperglycemia
  • Hypertension in the presence of diabetes.
  • Diabetes with smoking
  • High blood cholesterol and diabetes
  • Genetic factors

References[1]

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  1. Chang MS, Hsu YH (July 2018). "The role of IL-20 in chronic kidney disease and diabetic nephropathy: Pathogenic and therapeutic implications". J. Leukoc. Biol. doi:10.1002/JLB.MR1217-489R. PMID 29999545.