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{{HUS}}
{{HUS}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}}  
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{S.G.}}  


==Overview==
==Overview==
In 1955, Gasser et al first described hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). There have been several outbreaks of HUS all over the world over past years.


==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==


===Discovery===
===Discovery===
*[[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|HUS]] was first  described by Gasser and colleagues  in paper published in 1955<ref>{{Cite journal
*In 1955, Gasser et al first described hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS).<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[A. Schieppati]], [[P. Ruggenenti]], [[R. P. Cornejo]], [[F. Ferrario]], [[G. Gregorini]], [[P. Zucchelli]], [[E. Rossi]] & [[G. Remuzzi]]
  | author = [[A. Schieppati]], [[P. Ruggenenti]], [[R. P. Cornejo]], [[F. Ferrario]], [[G. Gregorini]], [[P. Zucchelli]], [[E. Rossi]] & [[G. Remuzzi]]
  | title = Renal function at hospital admission as a prognostic factor in adult hemolytic uremic syndrome. The Italian Registry of Haemolytic Uremic Syndrome
  | title = Renal function at hospital admission as a prognostic factor in adult hemolytic uremic syndrome. The Italian Registry of Haemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Line 19: Line 20:
  | month = May
  | month = May
  | pmid = 1610985
  | pmid = 1610985
}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal
}}</ref>  
| author = [[Phillip I. Tarr]], [[Carrie A. Gordon]] & [[Wayne L. Chandler]]
*In 1983, Karmali et al discovered the association between ''Escherichia coli, [[Shiga toxin|Shiga-toxin]]-producing bacteria,'' and the development of [[HUS]].<ref name="pmid6131302">{{cite journal| author=Karmali MA, Steele BT, Petric M, Lim C| title=Sporadic cases of haemolytic-uraemic syndrome associated with faecal cytotoxin and cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in stools. | journal=Lancet | year= 1983 | volume= 1 | issue= 8325 | pages= 619-20 | pmid=6131302 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6131302 }}</ref>
| title = Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli and haemolytic uraemic syndrome
| journal = [[Lancet (London, England)]]
| volume = 365
| issue = 9464
| pages = 1073–1086
| year = 2005
| month = March
| doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71144-2
  | pmid = 15781103
}}</ref> .
 
*The association between [[Shiga toxin|Shiga-toxin]]-producing bacteria and [[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|HUS]] was made during 35 years ago.
| journal = [[Kidney international]].


==Outbreaks==
==Outbreaks==
There have been several outbreaks of [disease name], which are summarized below:
There have been several outbreaks of HUS, which are summarized below:
 
* In Febryary 2006, HUS outbreak in Norway.<ref name="pmid18387178">{{cite journal| author=Schimmer B, Nygard K, Eriksen HM, Lassen J, Lindstedt BA, Brandal LT et al.| title=Outbreak of haemolytic uraemic syndrome in Norway caused by stx2-positive Escherichia coli O103:H25 traced to cured mutton sausages. | journal=BMC Infect Dis | year= 2008 | volume= 8 | issue=  | pages= 41 | pmid=18387178 | doi=10.1186/1471-2334-8-41 | pmc=2335110 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18387178  }}</ref>
==Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies==
* 2011 EHEC/HUS outbreak in Germany.<ref>{{Cite journal
In [year], [diagnostic test/therapy] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].
| author = [[Juliane Manitz]], [[Thomas Kneib]], [[Martin Schlather]], [[Dirk Helbing]] & [[Dirk Brockmann]]
 
| title = Origin Detection During Food-borne Disease Outbreaks - A Case Study of the 2011 EHEC/HUS Outbreak in Germany
==Impact on Cultural History==
| journal = [[PLoS currents]]
 
| volume = 6
==Famous Cases==
| year = 2014
The following are a few famous cases of [[disease name]]:
| month = April
| doi = 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.f3fdeb08c5b9de7c09ed9cbcef5f01f2
| pmid = 24818065
}}</ref>
* 2011 HUS outbreak nationwide in Norway.<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Lars Krogvold]], [[Thore Henrichsen]], [[Anna Bjerre]], [[Damien Brackman]], [[Henrik Dollner]], [[Helga Gudmundsdottir]], [[Gaute Syversen]], [[Pal Aksel Naess]] & [[Hans Jacob Bangstad]]
| title = Clinical aspects of a nationwide epidemic of severe haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in children
| journal = [[Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine]]
| volume = 19
| pages = 44
| year = 2011
| month = July
| doi = 10.1186/1757-7241-19-44
| pmid = 21798000
}}</ref>
* In June 2011, HUS outbreak from Shiga toxin-secreting Escherichia coli (STEC) O104:H4 from contaminated fenugreek sprouts occurred near Bordeaux, France.<ref name="pmid24293658">{{cite journal| author=Delmas Y, Vendrely B, Clouzeau B, Bachir H, Bui HN, Lacraz A et al.| title=Outbreak of Escherichia coli O104:H4 haemolytic uraemic syndrome in France: outcome with eculizumab. | journal=Nephrol Dial Transplant | year= 2014 | volume= 29 | issue= 3 | pages= 565-72 | pmid=24293658 | doi=10.1093/ndt/gft470 | pmc=3938298 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24293658  }}</ref>
* In December 2016, HUS outbreak in Germany.<ref name="pmid28597831">{{cite journal| author=Vygen-Bonnet S, Rosner B, Wilking H, Fruth A, Prager R, Kossow A et al.| title=Ongoing haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) outbreak caused by sorbitol-fermenting (SF) Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157, Germany, December 2016 to May 2017. | journal=Euro Surveill | year= 2017 | volume= 22 | issue= 21 | pages=  | pmid=28597831 | doi=10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.21.30541 | pmc=5479985 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28597831  }}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 18:22, 20 August 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sogand Goudarzi, MD [2]

Overview

In 1955, Gasser et al first described hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). There have been several outbreaks of HUS all over the world over past years.

Historical Perspective

Discovery

  • In 1955, Gasser et al first described hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS).[1]
  • In 1983, Karmali et al discovered the association between Escherichia coli, Shiga-toxin-producing bacteria, and the development of HUS.[2]

Outbreaks

There have been several outbreaks of HUS, which are summarized below:

  • In Febryary 2006, HUS outbreak in Norway.[3]
  • 2011 EHEC/HUS outbreak in Germany.[4]
  • 2011 HUS outbreak nationwide in Norway.[5]
  • In June 2011, HUS outbreak from Shiga toxin-secreting Escherichia coli (STEC) O104:H4 from contaminated fenugreek sprouts occurred near Bordeaux, France.[6]
  • In December 2016, HUS outbreak in Germany.[7]

References

  1. A. Schieppati, P. Ruggenenti, R. P. Cornejo, F. Ferrario, G. Gregorini, P. Zucchelli, E. Rossi & G. Remuzzi (1992). "Renal function at hospital admission as a prognostic factor in adult hemolytic uremic syndrome. The Italian Registry of Haemolytic Uremic Syndrome". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN. 2 (11): 1640–1644. PMID 1610985. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. Karmali MA, Steele BT, Petric M, Lim C (1983). "Sporadic cases of haemolytic-uraemic syndrome associated with faecal cytotoxin and cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in stools". Lancet. 1 (8325): 619–20. PMID 6131302.
  3. Schimmer B, Nygard K, Eriksen HM, Lassen J, Lindstedt BA, Brandal LT; et al. (2008). "Outbreak of haemolytic uraemic syndrome in Norway caused by stx2-positive Escherichia coli O103:H25 traced to cured mutton sausages". BMC Infect Dis. 8: 41. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-8-41. PMC 2335110. PMID 18387178.
  4. Juliane Manitz, Thomas Kneib, Martin Schlather, Dirk Helbing & Dirk Brockmann (2014). "Origin Detection During Food-borne Disease Outbreaks - A Case Study of the 2011 EHEC/HUS Outbreak in Germany". PLoS currents. 6. doi:10.1371/currents.outbreaks.f3fdeb08c5b9de7c09ed9cbcef5f01f2. PMID 24818065. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. Lars Krogvold, Thore Henrichsen, Anna Bjerre, Damien Brackman, Henrik Dollner, Helga Gudmundsdottir, Gaute Syversen, Pal Aksel Naess & Hans Jacob Bangstad (2011). "Clinical aspects of a nationwide epidemic of severe haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in children". Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine. 19: 44. doi:10.1186/1757-7241-19-44. PMID 21798000. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. Delmas Y, Vendrely B, Clouzeau B, Bachir H, Bui HN, Lacraz A; et al. (2014). "Outbreak of Escherichia coli O104:H4 haemolytic uraemic syndrome in France: outcome with eculizumab". Nephrol Dial Transplant. 29 (3): 565–72. doi:10.1093/ndt/gft470. PMC 3938298. PMID 24293658.
  7. Vygen-Bonnet S, Rosner B, Wilking H, Fruth A, Prager R, Kossow A; et al. (2017). "Ongoing haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) outbreak caused by sorbitol-fermenting (SF) Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157, Germany, December 2016 to May 2017". Euro Surveill. 22 (21). doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.21.30541. PMC 5479985. PMID 28597831.

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