Peripheral neuropathy risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The most potent risk factor in the development of peripheral neuropathy is [[diabetes mellitus]] . Common risk factors in the development of peripheral neuropathy may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral. Common risk factors in the development of peripheral neuropathy include: [[Alcohol abuse]], [[vitamin deficiencies]] ([[thiamin]], [[cobalamin]]), [[Environmental Working Group|environmental Stress]], [[infections]] ([[Lyme disease|lyme disease,]] [[Shingles]], [[Epstein-Barr virus]], [[Hepatitis C]], [[HIV]]), [[kidney disease]], [[Liver disease]], [[Genetic diseases|genetic diseases,]] [[Amyloidosis]], [[Cancer]], [[Dyslipidemia]], [[Family history]] of [[neuropathy]], repetitive motion, [[Thyroid disorders]], [[Immune system disorder|immune system disorders]] ([[Guillain-Barré syndrome|guillian-Barré syndrome]], [[Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy]], [[Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease|charcot-Marie Tooth]], [[Celiac disease]], [[Lupus]], [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]) and [[Drugs]]. | |||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
===Common Risk Factors=== | |||
The most potent risk factor in the development of peripheral neuropathy is [[diabetes mellitus]] .<ref name="pmid27366724">{{cite journal| author=Chawla A, Chawla R, Jaggi S| title=Microvasular and macrovascular complications in diabetes mellitus: Distinct or continuum? | journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab | year= 2016 | volume= 20 | issue= 4 | pages= 546-51 | pmid=27366724 | doi=10.4103/2230-8210.183480 | pmc=4911847 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27366724 }} </ref><ref name="pmid28989871">{{cite journal| author=Gogia S, Rao CR| title=Prevalence and Risk Factors for Peripheral Neuropathy among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Coastal Karnataka. | journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab | year= 2017 | volume= 21 | issue= 5 | pages= 665-669 | pmid=28989871 | doi=10.4103/ijem.IJEM_43_17 | pmc=5628533 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28989871 }} </ref> | |||
Common risk factors in the development of peripheral neuropathy may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.<ref name="pmid29483946">{{cite journal| author=Khawaja N, Abu-Shennar J, Saleh M, Dahbour SS, Khader YS, Ajlouni KM| title=The prevalence and risk factors of peripheral neuropathy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; the case of Jordan. | journal=Diabetol Metab Syndr | year= 2018 | volume= 10 | issue= | pages= 8 | pmid=29483946 | doi=10.1186/s13098-018-0309-6 | pmc=5822644 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29483946 }} </ref><ref name="pmid20431800">{{cite journal| author=Mørkrid K, Ali L, Hussain A| title=Risk factors and prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A study of type 2 diabetic outpatients in Bangladesh. | journal=Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries | year= 2010 | volume= 30 | issue= 1 | pages= 11-7 | pmid=20431800 | doi=10.4103/0973-3930.60004 | pmc=2859278 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20431800 }} </ref><ref name="pmid29483946">{{cite journal| author=Khawaja N, Abu-Shennar J, Saleh M, Dahbour SS, Khader YS, Ajlouni KM| title=The prevalence and risk factors of peripheral neuropathy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; the case of Jordan. | journal=Diabetol Metab Syndr | year= 2018 | volume= 10 | issue= | pages= 8 | pmid=29483946 | doi=10.1186/s13098-018-0309-6 | pmc=5822644 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29483946 }} </ref><ref name="pmid28989871">{{cite journal| author=Gogia S, Rao CR| title=Prevalence and Risk Factors for Peripheral Neuropathy among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Coastal Karnataka. | journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab | year= 2017 | volume= 21 | issue= 5 | pages= 665-669 | pmid=28989871 | doi=10.4103/ijem.IJEM_43_17 | pmc=5628533 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28989871 }} </ref><ref name="pmid27941499">{{cite journal| author=Hébert HL, Veluchamy A, Torrance N, Smith BH| title=Risk factors for neuropathic pain in diabetes mellitus. | journal=Pain | year= 2017 | volume= 158 | issue= 4 | pages= 560-568 | pmid=27941499 | doi=10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000785 | pmc=5359789 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27941499 }} </ref><ref name="pmid24791204">{{cite journal| author=Giubelan LI, Cupşa A, Dumitrescu F, Niculescu I, Stoian AC| title=Considerations About Risk Factors for Peripheral Neuropathies in Romanian HIV-Infected Patients. | journal=Curr Health Sci J | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 1 | pages= 42-6 | pmid=24791204 | doi=10.12865/CHSJ.40.01.07 | pmc=4006335 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24791204 }} </ref> | |||
Common risk factors in the development of peripheral neuropathy include:<ref name="pmid29483946">{{cite journal| author=Khawaja N, Abu-Shennar J, Saleh M, Dahbour SS, Khader YS, Ajlouni KM| title=The prevalence and risk factors of peripheral neuropathy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; the case of Jordan. | journal=Diabetol Metab Syndr | year= 2018 | volume= 10 | issue= | pages= 8 | pmid=29483946 | doi=10.1186/s13098-018-0309-6 | pmc=5822644 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29483946 }} </ref><ref name="pmid20431800">{{cite journal| author=Mørkrid K, Ali L, Hussain A| title=Risk factors and prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A study of type 2 diabetic outpatients in Bangladesh. | journal=Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries | year= 2010 | volume= 30 | issue= 1 | pages= 11-7 | pmid=20431800 | doi=10.4103/0973-3930.60004 | pmc=2859278 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20431800 }} </ref><ref name="pmid29483946">{{cite journal| author=Khawaja N, Abu-Shennar J, Saleh M, Dahbour SS, Khader YS, Ajlouni KM| title=The prevalence and risk factors of peripheral neuropathy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; the case of Jordan. | journal=Diabetol Metab Syndr | year= 2018 | volume= 10 | issue= | pages= 8 | pmid=29483946 | doi=10.1186/s13098-018-0309-6 | pmc=5822644 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29483946 }} </ref><ref name="pmid28989871">{{cite journal| author=Gogia S, Rao CR| title=Prevalence and Risk Factors for Peripheral Neuropathy among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Coastal Karnataka. | journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab | year= 2017 | volume= 21 | issue= 5 | pages= 665-669 | pmid=28989871 | doi=10.4103/ijem.IJEM_43_17 | pmc=5628533 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28989871 }} </ref><ref name="pmid23914216">{{cite journal| author=Hasani N, Khosrawi S, Hashemipour M, Haghighatiyan M, Javdan Z, Taheri MH et al.| title=Prevalence and related risk-factors of peripheral neuropathy in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. | journal=J Res Med Sci | year= 2013 | volume= 18 | issue= 2 | pages= 132-6 | pmid=23914216 | doi= | pmc=3724374 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23914216 }} </ref><ref name="pmid26676661">{{cite journal| author=Papanas N, Ziegler D| title=Risk Factors and Comorbidities in Diabetic Neuropathy: An Update 2015. | journal=Rev Diabet Stud | year= 2015 | volume= 12 | issue= 1-2 | pages= 48-62 | pmid=26676661 | doi=10.1900/RDS.2015.12.48 | pmc=5397983 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26676661 }} </ref><ref name="pmid28674076">{{cite journal| author=Jaiswal M, Divers J, Dabelea D, Isom S, Bell RA, Martin CL et al.| title=Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Youth With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. | journal=Diabetes Care | year= 2017 | volume= 40 | issue= 9 | pages= 1226-1232 | pmid=28674076 | doi=10.2337/dc17-0179 | pmc=5566278 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28674076 }} </ref><ref name="pmid28989871">{{cite journal| author=Gogia S, Rao CR| title=Prevalence and Risk Factors for Peripheral Neuropathy among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Coastal Karnataka. | journal=Indian J Endocrinol Metab | year= 2017 | volume= 21 | issue= 5 | pages= 665-669 | pmid=28989871 | doi=10.4103/ijem.IJEM_43_17 | pmc=5628533 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28989871 }} </ref><ref name="pmid27941499">{{cite journal| author=Hébert HL, Veluchamy A, Torrance N, Smith BH| title=Risk factors for neuropathic pain in diabetes mellitus. | journal=Pain | year= 2017 | volume= 158 | issue= 4 | pages= 560-568 | pmid=27941499 | doi=10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000785 | pmc=5359789 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27941499 }} </ref><ref name="pmid26496307">{{cite journal| author=Yang CP, Lin CC, Li CI, Liu CS, Lin WY, Hwang KL et al.| title=Cardiovascular Risk Factors Increase the Risks of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Taiwan Diabetes Study. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 2015 | volume= 94 | issue= 42 | pages= e1783 | pmid=26496307 | doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000001783 | pmc=4620799 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26496307 }} </ref><ref name="pmid26700499">{{cite journal| author=Hanewinckel R, van Oijen M, Ikram MA, van Doorn PA| title=The epidemiology and risk factors of chronic polyneuropathy. | journal=Eur J Epidemiol | year= 2016 | volume= 31 | issue= 1 | pages= 5-20 | pmid=26700499 | doi=10.1007/s10654-015-0094-6 | pmc=4756033 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26700499 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18650177">{{cite journal| author=El-Cheikh J, Stoppa AM, Bouabdallah R, de Lavallade H, Coso D, de Collela JM et al.| title=Features and risk factors of peripheral neuropathy during treatment with bortezomib for advanced multiple myeloma. | journal=Clin Lymphoma Myeloma | year= 2008 | volume= 8 | issue= 3 | pages= 146-52 | pmid=18650177 | doi=10.3816/CLM.2008.n.017 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18650177 }} </ref><ref name="pmid24791204">{{cite journal| author=Giubelan LI, Cupşa A, Dumitrescu F, Niculescu I, Stoian AC| title=Considerations About Risk Factors for Peripheral Neuropathies in Romanian HIV-Infected Patients. | journal=Curr Health Sci J | year= 2014 | volume= 40 | issue= 1 | pages= 42-6 | pmid=24791204 | doi=10.12865/CHSJ.40.01.07 | pmc=4006335 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24791204 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21145196">{{cite journal| author=Wadley AL, Cherry CL, Price P, Kamerman PR| title=HIV neuropathy risk factors and symptom characterization in stavudine-exposed South Africans. | journal=J Pain Symptom Manage | year= 2011 | volume= 41 | issue= 4 | pages= 700-6 | pmid=21145196 | doi=10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2010.07.006 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21145196 }} </ref><ref name="pmid28817461">{{cite journal| author=Bramuzzo M, Stocco G, Montico M, Arrigo S, Calvi A, Lanteri P et al.| title=Risk Factors and Outcomes of Thalidomide-induced Peripheral Neuropathy in a Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort. | journal=Inflamm Bowel Dis | year= 2017 | volume= 23 | issue= 10 | pages= 1810-1816 | pmid=28817461 | doi=10.1097/MIB.0000000000001195 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28817461 }} </ref><ref name="pmid28286483">{{cite journal| author=Kerckhove N, Collin A, Condé S, Chaleteix C, Pezet D, Balayssac D| title=Long-Term Effects, Pathophysiological Mechanisms, and Risk Factors of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathies: A Comprehensive Literature Review. | journal=Front Pharmacol | year= 2017 | volume= 8 | issue= | pages= 86 | pmid=28286483 | doi=10.3389/fphar.2017.00086 | pmc=5323411 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28286483 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Alcohol abuse]] | |||
=== | *[[Vitamin deficiencies]]: | ||
**[[thiamin]] | |||
**[[Cobalamin]] | |||
*[[Environmental Working Group|Environmental Stress]] | |||
*[[Infections]] such as: | |||
**[[Lyme disease]] | |||
**[[Shingles]] | |||
**[[Epstein-Barr virus]] | |||
**[[Hepatitis C]] | |||
**[[HIV]] | |||
*[[kidney disease]] | |||
*[[Liver disease]] | |||
*[[Genetic diseases]] | |||
*[[Amyloidosis]] | |||
*[[Cancer]] | |||
*[[Dyslipidemia]] | |||
**[[ | *[[Family history]] of [[neuropathy]] | ||
*Repetitive motion | |||
*[[Thyroid disorders]] | |||
*[[Immune system disorder|Immune system disorders]] such as: | |||
**[[Guillain-Barré syndrome|Guillian-Barré syndrome]] | |||
**[[Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy]] | |||
**[[ | **[[Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease|Charcot-Marie Tooth]] | ||
**[[Celiac disease]] | |||
**[[Lupus]] | |||
**[[Rheumatoid arthritis]] | |||
*[[Drugs]] | |||
==References== | ==References== |
Latest revision as of 17:09, 21 August 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]
Overview
The most potent risk factor in the development of peripheral neuropathy is diabetes mellitus . Common risk factors in the development of peripheral neuropathy may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral. Common risk factors in the development of peripheral neuropathy include: Alcohol abuse, vitamin deficiencies (thiamin, cobalamin), environmental Stress, infections (lyme disease, Shingles, Epstein-Barr virus, Hepatitis C, HIV), kidney disease, Liver disease, genetic diseases, Amyloidosis, Cancer, Dyslipidemia, Family history of neuropathy, repetitive motion, Thyroid disorders, immune system disorders (guillian-Barré syndrome, Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, charcot-Marie Tooth, Celiac disease, Lupus, Rheumatoid arthritis) and Drugs.
Risk Factors
Common Risk Factors
The most potent risk factor in the development of peripheral neuropathy is diabetes mellitus .[1][2]
Common risk factors in the development of peripheral neuropathy may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.[3][4][3][2][5][6]
Common risk factors in the development of peripheral neuropathy include:[3][4][3][2][7][8][9][2][5][10][11][12][6][13][14][15]
- Alcohol abuse
- Vitamin deficiencies:
- Environmental Stress
- Infections such as:
- kidney disease
- Liver disease
- Genetic diseases
- Amyloidosis
- Cancer
- Dyslipidemia
- Family history of neuropathy
- Repetitive motion
- Thyroid disorders
- Immune system disorders such as:
- Drugs
References
- ↑ Chawla A, Chawla R, Jaggi S (2016). "Microvasular and macrovascular complications in diabetes mellitus: Distinct or continuum?". Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 20 (4): 546–51. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.183480. PMC 4911847. PMID 27366724.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Gogia S, Rao CR (2017). "Prevalence and Risk Factors for Peripheral Neuropathy among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Coastal Karnataka". Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 21 (5): 665–669. doi:10.4103/ijem.IJEM_43_17. PMC 5628533. PMID 28989871.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Khawaja N, Abu-Shennar J, Saleh M, Dahbour SS, Khader YS, Ajlouni KM (2018). "The prevalence and risk factors of peripheral neuropathy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; the case of Jordan". Diabetol Metab Syndr. 10: 8. doi:10.1186/s13098-018-0309-6. PMC 5822644. PMID 29483946.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Mørkrid K, Ali L, Hussain A (2010). "Risk factors and prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A study of type 2 diabetic outpatients in Bangladesh". Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. 30 (1): 11–7. doi:10.4103/0973-3930.60004. PMC 2859278. PMID 20431800.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Hébert HL, Veluchamy A, Torrance N, Smith BH (2017). "Risk factors for neuropathic pain in diabetes mellitus". Pain. 158 (4): 560–568. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000785. PMC 5359789. PMID 27941499.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Giubelan LI, Cupşa A, Dumitrescu F, Niculescu I, Stoian AC (2014). "Considerations About Risk Factors for Peripheral Neuropathies in Romanian HIV-Infected Patients". Curr Health Sci J. 40 (1): 42–6. doi:10.12865/CHSJ.40.01.07. PMC 4006335. PMID 24791204.
- ↑ Hasani N, Khosrawi S, Hashemipour M, Haghighatiyan M, Javdan Z, Taheri MH; et al. (2013). "Prevalence and related risk-factors of peripheral neuropathy in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus". J Res Med Sci. 18 (2): 132–6. PMC 3724374. PMID 23914216.
- ↑ Papanas N, Ziegler D (2015). "Risk Factors and Comorbidities in Diabetic Neuropathy: An Update 2015". Rev Diabet Stud. 12 (1–2): 48–62. doi:10.1900/RDS.2015.12.48. PMC 5397983. PMID 26676661.
- ↑ Jaiswal M, Divers J, Dabelea D, Isom S, Bell RA, Martin CL; et al. (2017). "Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Youth With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study". Diabetes Care. 40 (9): 1226–1232. doi:10.2337/dc17-0179. PMC 5566278. PMID 28674076.
- ↑ Yang CP, Lin CC, Li CI, Liu CS, Lin WY, Hwang KL; et al. (2015). "Cardiovascular Risk Factors Increase the Risks of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Taiwan Diabetes Study". Medicine (Baltimore). 94 (42): e1783. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000001783. PMC 4620799. PMID 26496307.
- ↑ Hanewinckel R, van Oijen M, Ikram MA, van Doorn PA (2016). "The epidemiology and risk factors of chronic polyneuropathy". Eur J Epidemiol. 31 (1): 5–20. doi:10.1007/s10654-015-0094-6. PMC 4756033. PMID 26700499.
- ↑ El-Cheikh J, Stoppa AM, Bouabdallah R, de Lavallade H, Coso D, de Collela JM; et al. (2008). "Features and risk factors of peripheral neuropathy during treatment with bortezomib for advanced multiple myeloma". Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 8 (3): 146–52. doi:10.3816/CLM.2008.n.017. PMID 18650177.
- ↑ Wadley AL, Cherry CL, Price P, Kamerman PR (2011). "HIV neuropathy risk factors and symptom characterization in stavudine-exposed South Africans". J Pain Symptom Manage. 41 (4): 700–6. doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2010.07.006. PMID 21145196.
- ↑ Bramuzzo M, Stocco G, Montico M, Arrigo S, Calvi A, Lanteri P; et al. (2017). "Risk Factors and Outcomes of Thalidomide-induced Peripheral Neuropathy in a Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort". Inflamm Bowel Dis. 23 (10): 1810–1816. doi:10.1097/MIB.0000000000001195. PMID 28817461.
- ↑ Kerckhove N, Collin A, Condé S, Chaleteix C, Pezet D, Balayssac D (2017). "Long-Term Effects, Pathophysiological Mechanisms, and Risk Factors of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathies: A Comprehensive Literature Review". Front Pharmacol. 8: 86. doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00086. PMC 5323411. PMID 28286483.