Peripheral neuropathy history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Patients with peripheral neuropathy may have a positive history of: Metabolic disorder, long-standing [[illness|illness,]] childhood [[clumsiness|clumsiness,]] unsteady [[gait]] and falls, [[Neurological diseases]], [[Neurological diseases|neurological diseases,]] occupational inorganic lead exposure and [[Malignancy]]. The most common symptoms of peripheral neuropathy include: Gradual progressive [[numbness]], [[Prickling]] or [[tingling]] in [[feet]] and hands, [[Burning pain]] in [[extremities|extremities,]] extreme [[sensitivity to touch]], [[Ataxia]], frequent falls, muscle weakness or paralysis, [[Constipation]], [[Diarrhea|diarrhea,]] early satiety, [[Nausea|nausea,]] problems controlling [[bowel]] movements, [[Swallowing]] problems, [[Abdomen]] [[distention]],[[Vomiting]], impaired [[heart rate]], resting [[tachycardia]], [[Exercise intolerance|exercise intolerance,]] abnormal [[blood pressure]] regulation, [[orthostatic hypotension]], [[Heat intolerance]] and altered [[sweating]], [[Urinary incontinence|urine incontinence,]] pain (usually from optic neuritis), [[Vision loss]], [[Visual field]] los, loss of color vision and flashing lights. | |||
==History and Symptoms== | ==History and Symptoms== | ||
===History=== | ===History=== | ||
Patients with peripheral neuropathy may have a positive history of: Metabolic disorder, long-standing [[illness|illness,]] childhood [[clumsiness|clumsiness,]] unsteady [[gait]] and falls, [[Neurological diseases]], [[Neurological diseases|neurological diseases,]] occupational inorganic lead exposure and [[Malignancy]]. | |||
Patients with peripheral neuropathy may have a positive history of:<ref name="pmid16400316">{{cite journal| author=Kelly JJ| title=Peripheral neuropathy: the importance of history and examination for correct diagnosis. | journal=Rev Neurol Dis | year= 2005 | volume= 2 | issue= 3 | pages= 150-3 | pmid=16400316 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16400316 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11459892">{{cite journal| author=Rubens O, Logina I, Kravale I, Eglîte M, Donaghy M| title=Peripheral neuropathy in chronic occupational inorganic lead exposure: a clinical and electrophysiological study. | journal=J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry | year= 2001 | volume= 71 | issue= 2 | pages= 200-4 | pmid=11459892 | doi= | pmc=1737511 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11459892 }} </ref><ref name="pmid10716658">{{cite journal| author=Keller MP, Chance PF| title=Inherited peripheral neuropathy. | journal=Semin Neurol | year= 1999 | volume= 19 | issue= 4 | pages= 353-62 | pmid=10716658 | doi=10.1055/s-2008-1040850 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10716658 }} </ref><ref name="pmid2405988">{{cite journal| author=Sharma CM, Sears M| title=Metabolic neuropathy. | journal=Clin Podiatr Med Surg | year= 1990 | volume= 7 | issue= 1 | pages= 97-105 | pmid=2405988 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2405988 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11374098">{{cite journal| author=Storstein A, Vedeler C| title=Neuropathy and malignancy: a retrospective survey. | journal=J Neurol | year= 2001 | volume= 248 | issue= 4 | pages= 322-7 | pmid=11374098 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11374098 }} </ref> | Patients with peripheral neuropathy may have a positive history of:<ref name="pmid16400316">{{cite journal| author=Kelly JJ| title=Peripheral neuropathy: the importance of history and examination for correct diagnosis. | journal=Rev Neurol Dis | year= 2005 | volume= 2 | issue= 3 | pages= 150-3 | pmid=16400316 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16400316 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11459892">{{cite journal| author=Rubens O, Logina I, Kravale I, Eglîte M, Donaghy M| title=Peripheral neuropathy in chronic occupational inorganic lead exposure: a clinical and electrophysiological study. | journal=J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry | year= 2001 | volume= 71 | issue= 2 | pages= 200-4 | pmid=11459892 | doi= | pmc=1737511 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11459892 }} </ref><ref name="pmid10716658">{{cite journal| author=Keller MP, Chance PF| title=Inherited peripheral neuropathy. | journal=Semin Neurol | year= 1999 | volume= 19 | issue= 4 | pages= 353-62 | pmid=10716658 | doi=10.1055/s-2008-1040850 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10716658 }} </ref><ref name="pmid2405988">{{cite journal| author=Sharma CM, Sears M| title=Metabolic neuropathy. | journal=Clin Podiatr Med Surg | year= 1990 | volume= 7 | issue= 1 | pages= 97-105 | pmid=2405988 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2405988 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11374098">{{cite journal| author=Storstein A, Vedeler C| title=Neuropathy and malignancy: a retrospective survey. | journal=J Neurol | year= 2001 | volume= 248 | issue= 4 | pages= 322-7 | pmid=11374098 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11374098 }} </ref> | ||
*Metabolic disorders | *Metabolic disorders | ||
| Line 17: | Line 20: | ||
*[[Malignancy]] | *[[Malignancy]] | ||
===Common Symptoms=== | ===Common Symptoms=== | ||
The most common symptoms of peripheral neuropathy include: Gradual progressive [[numbness]], [[Prickling]] or [[tingling]] in [[feet]] and hands, [[Burning pain]] in [[extremities|extremities,]] extreme [[sensitivity to touch]], [[Ataxia]], frequent falls, muscle weakness or paralysis, [[Constipation]], [[Diarrhea|diarrhea,]] early satiety, [[Nausea|nausea,]] problems controlling [[bowel]] movements, [[Swallowing]] problems, [[Abdomen]] [[distention]],[[Vomiting]], impaired [[heart rate]], resting [[tachycardia]], [[Exercise intolerance|exercise intolerance,]] abnormal [[blood pressure]] regulation, [[orthostatic hypotension]], [[Heat intolerance]] and altered [[sweating]], [[Urinary incontinence|urine incontinence,]] pain (usually from optic neuritis), [[Vision loss]], [[Visual field]] los, loss of color vision and flashing lights. | |||
The most common symptoms of peripheral neuropathy include: | The most common symptoms of peripheral neuropathy include: | ||
*Gradual progressive [[numbness]]<ref name="pmid18615140">{{cite journal| author=Marchettini P, Lacerenza M, Mauri E, Marangoni C| title=Painful peripheral neuropathies. | journal=Curr Neuropharmacol | year= 2006 | volume= 4 | issue= 3 | pages= 175-81 | pmid=18615140 | doi= | pmc=2430688 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18615140 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21479990">{{cite journal| author=Wolf SL, Barton DL, Qin R, Wos EJ, Sloan JA, Liu H et al.| title=The relationship between numbness, tingling, and shooting/burning pain in patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) as measured by the EORTC QLQ-CIPN20 instrument, N06CA. | journal=Support Care Cancer | year= 2012 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 625-32 | pmid=21479990 | doi=10.1007/s00520-011-1141-9 | pmc=3329939 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21479990 }} </ref> | *Gradual progressive [[numbness]]<ref name="pmid18615140">{{cite journal| author=Marchettini P, Lacerenza M, Mauri E, Marangoni C| title=Painful peripheral neuropathies. | journal=Curr Neuropharmacol | year= 2006 | volume= 4 | issue= 3 | pages= 175-81 | pmid=18615140 | doi= | pmc=2430688 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18615140 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21479990">{{cite journal| author=Wolf SL, Barton DL, Qin R, Wos EJ, Sloan JA, Liu H et al.| title=The relationship between numbness, tingling, and shooting/burning pain in patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) as measured by the EORTC QLQ-CIPN20 instrument, N06CA. | journal=Support Care Cancer | year= 2012 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 625-32 | pmid=21479990 | doi=10.1007/s00520-011-1141-9 | pmc=3329939 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21479990 }} </ref> | ||
| Line 41: | Line 46: | ||
**Orthostatic hypotension | **Orthostatic hypotension | ||
*[[Heat intolerance]] and altered [[sweating]]<ref name="pmid27227101">{{cite journal| author=Kenny GP, Sigal RJ, McGinn R| title=Body temperature regulation in diabetes. | journal=Temperature (Austin) | year= 2016 | volume= 3 | issue= 1 | pages= 119-45 | pmid=27227101 | doi=10.1080/23328940.2015.1131506 | pmc=4861190 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27227101 }} </ref> | *[[Heat intolerance]] and altered [[sweating]]<ref name="pmid27227101">{{cite journal| author=Kenny GP, Sigal RJ, McGinn R| title=Body temperature regulation in diabetes. | journal=Temperature (Austin) | year= 2016 | volume= 3 | issue= 1 | pages= 119-45 | pmid=27227101 | doi=10.1080/23328940.2015.1131506 | pmc=4861190 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27227101 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Urine incontinence]]:<ref name="pmid22190298">{{cite journal| author=Burakgazi AZ, Alsowaity B, Burakgazi ZA, Unal D, Kelly JJ| title=Bladder dysfunction in peripheral neuropathies. | journal=Muscle Nerve | year= 2012 | volume= 45 | issue= 1 | pages= 2-8 | pmid=22190298 | doi=10.1002/mus.22178 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22190298 }} </ref><ref name="pmid27706007">{{cite journal| author=Tanik N, Tanik S, Albayrak S, Zengin K, Inan LE, Caglayan EK et al.| title=Association Between Overactive Bladder and Polyneuropathy in Diabetic Patients. | journal=Int Neurourol J | year= 2016 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 232-239 | pmid=27706007 | doi=10.5213/inj.1632508.254 | pmc=5083825 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27706007 }} </ref> | * [[Urinary incontinence|Urine incontinence]]:<ref name="pmid22190298">{{cite journal| author=Burakgazi AZ, Alsowaity B, Burakgazi ZA, Unal D, Kelly JJ| title=Bladder dysfunction in peripheral neuropathies. | journal=Muscle Nerve | year= 2012 | volume= 45 | issue= 1 | pages= 2-8 | pmid=22190298 | doi=10.1002/mus.22178 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22190298 }} </ref><ref name="pmid27706007">{{cite journal| author=Tanik N, Tanik S, Albayrak S, Zengin K, Inan LE, Caglayan EK et al.| title=Association Between Overactive Bladder and Polyneuropathy in Diabetic Patients. | journal=Int Neurourol J | year= 2016 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 232-239 | pmid=27706007 | doi=10.5213/inj.1632508.254 | pmc=5083825 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27706007 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Ocular]] symptoms:<ref name="pmid26500330">{{cite journal| author=DeMill DL, Hussain M, Pop-Busui R, Shtein RM| title=Ocular surface disease in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. | journal=Br J Ophthalmol | year= 2016 | volume= 100 | issue= 7 | pages= 924-928 | pmid=26500330 | doi=10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307369 | pmc=5037046 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26500330 }} </ref><ref name="pmid27423690">{{cite journal| author=Srinivasan S, Pritchard N, Sampson GP, Edwards K, Vagenas D, Russell AW et al.| title=Diagnostic capability of retinal thickness measures in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. | journal=J Optom | year= 2017 | volume= 10 | issue= 4 | pages= 215-225 | pmid=27423690 | doi=10.1016/j.optom.2016.05.003 | pmc=5595257 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27423690 }} </ref><ref name="pmid19830009">{{cite journal| author=Nightingale LM, Paviour DC| title=Nutritional optic and peripheral neuropathy: a case report. | journal=Cases J | year= 2009 | volume= 2 | issue= | pages= 7762 | pmid=19830009 | doi=10.4076/1757-1626-2-7762 | pmc=2740016 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19830009 }} </ref> | *[[Ocular]] symptoms:<ref name="pmid26500330">{{cite journal| author=DeMill DL, Hussain M, Pop-Busui R, Shtein RM| title=Ocular surface disease in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. | journal=Br J Ophthalmol | year= 2016 | volume= 100 | issue= 7 | pages= 924-928 | pmid=26500330 | doi=10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307369 | pmc=5037046 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26500330 }} </ref><ref name="pmid27423690">{{cite journal| author=Srinivasan S, Pritchard N, Sampson GP, Edwards K, Vagenas D, Russell AW et al.| title=Diagnostic capability of retinal thickness measures in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. | journal=J Optom | year= 2017 | volume= 10 | issue= 4 | pages= 215-225 | pmid=27423690 | doi=10.1016/j.optom.2016.05.003 | pmc=5595257 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27423690 }} </ref><ref name="pmid19830009">{{cite journal| author=Nightingale LM, Paviour DC| title=Nutritional optic and peripheral neuropathy: a case report. | journal=Cases J | year= 2009 | volume= 2 | issue= | pages= 7762 | pmid=19830009 | doi=10.4076/1757-1626-2-7762 | pmc=2740016 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19830009 }} </ref> | ||
**Pain (usually from optic neuritis) | **Pain (usually from optic neuritis) | ||
Latest revision as of 19:41, 24 August 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]
Overview
Patients with peripheral neuropathy may have a positive history of: Metabolic disorder, long-standing illness, childhood clumsiness, unsteady gait and falls, Neurological diseases, neurological diseases, occupational inorganic lead exposure and Malignancy. The most common symptoms of peripheral neuropathy include: Gradual progressive numbness, Prickling or tingling in feet and hands, Burning pain in extremities, extreme sensitivity to touch, Ataxia, frequent falls, muscle weakness or paralysis, Constipation, diarrhea, early satiety, nausea, problems controlling bowel movements, Swallowing problems, Abdomen distention,Vomiting, impaired heart rate, resting tachycardia, exercise intolerance, abnormal blood pressure regulation, orthostatic hypotension, Heat intolerance and altered sweating, urine incontinence, pain (usually from optic neuritis), Vision loss, Visual field los, loss of color vision and flashing lights.
History and Symptoms
History
Patients with peripheral neuropathy may have a positive history of: Metabolic disorder, long-standing illness, childhood clumsiness, unsteady gait and falls, Neurological diseases, neurological diseases, occupational inorganic lead exposure and Malignancy.
Patients with peripheral neuropathy may have a positive history of:[1][2][3][4][5]
- Metabolic disorders
- Long-standing illness
- Childhood clumsiness
- Unsteady gait and falls
- Neurological diseases
- Neurological diseases
- Occupational inorganic lead exposure
- Malignancy
Common Symptoms
The most common symptoms of peripheral neuropathy include: Gradual progressive numbness, Prickling or tingling in feet and hands, Burning pain in extremities, extreme sensitivity to touch, Ataxia, frequent falls, muscle weakness or paralysis, Constipation, diarrhea, early satiety, nausea, problems controlling bowel movements, Swallowing problems, Abdomen distention,Vomiting, impaired heart rate, resting tachycardia, exercise intolerance, abnormal blood pressure regulation, orthostatic hypotension, Heat intolerance and altered sweating, urine incontinence, pain (usually from optic neuritis), Vision loss, Visual field los, loss of color vision and flashing lights.
The most common symptoms of peripheral neuropathy include:
- Gradual progressive numbness[6][7]
- Prickling or tingling in feet and [[[hands]][6][7]
- Burning pain in extremities[6]
- Extreme sensitivity to touch[6][7]
- Ataxia[8]
- Frequent falls[8]
- Muscle weakness or paralysis[6]
- Gastrointestinal symptoms:
- Constipation[9]
- Diarrhea[10]
- Early satiety[10]
- Nausea[11]
- Problems controlling bowel movements
- Swallowing problems[11]
- Abdomen distention[12]
- Vomiting[11]
- Cardiovascular symptoms:[13][14][15]
- Impaired heart rate
- Resting tachycardia
- Exercise intolerance
- Abnormal blood pressure regulation
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Heat intolerance and altered sweating[16]
- Urine incontinence:[17][18]
- Ocular symptoms:[19][20][21]
- Pain (usually from optic neuritis)
- Vision loss
- Visual field loss
- Loss of color vision
- Flashing lights
References
- ↑ Kelly JJ (2005). "Peripheral neuropathy: the importance of history and examination for correct diagnosis". Rev Neurol Dis. 2 (3): 150–3. PMID 16400316.
- ↑ Rubens O, Logina I, Kravale I, Eglîte M, Donaghy M (2001). "Peripheral neuropathy in chronic occupational inorganic lead exposure: a clinical and electrophysiological study". J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 71 (2): 200–4. PMC 1737511. PMID 11459892.
- ↑ Keller MP, Chance PF (1999). "Inherited peripheral neuropathy". Semin Neurol. 19 (4): 353–62. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1040850. PMID 10716658.
- ↑ Sharma CM, Sears M (1990). "Metabolic neuropathy". Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 7 (1): 97–105. PMID 2405988.
- ↑ Storstein A, Vedeler C (2001). "Neuropathy and malignancy: a retrospective survey". J Neurol. 248 (4): 322–7. PMID 11374098.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Marchettini P, Lacerenza M, Mauri E, Marangoni C (2006). "Painful peripheral neuropathies". Curr Neuropharmacol. 4 (3): 175–81. PMC 2430688. PMID 18615140.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Wolf SL, Barton DL, Qin R, Wos EJ, Sloan JA, Liu H; et al. (2012). "The relationship between numbness, tingling, and shooting/burning pain in patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) as measured by the EORTC QLQ-CIPN20 instrument, N06CA". Support Care Cancer. 20 (3): 625–32. doi:10.1007/s00520-011-1141-9. PMC 3329939. PMID 21479990.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Linnemann C, Tezenas du Montcel S, Rakowicz M, Schmitz-Hübsch T, Szymanski S, Berciano J; et al. (2016). "Peripheral Neuropathy in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1, 2, 3, and 6". Cerebellum. 15 (2): 165–73. doi:10.1007/s12311-015-0684-6. PMID 26054379.
- ↑ Yamada E, Namiki Y, Takano Y, Takamine H, Inazumi K, Sasaki H; et al. (2018). "Clinical factors associated with the symptoms of constipation in patients with diabetes mellitus: A multicenter study". J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 33 (4): 863–868. doi:10.1111/jgh.14022. PMID 29048762.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Pfluecke C, Ulbrich S, Ibrahim K, Geiger KD, Strasser RH, Wunderlich C (2013). "Chronic diarrhea as the initial clinical manifestation of light-chain amyloidosis with cardiac involvement despite negative duodenal and rectal biopsies". Exp Clin Cardiol. 18 (2): 148–50. PMC 3718595. PMID 23940440.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Devigili G, Tugnoli V, Penza P, Camozzi F, Lombardi R, Melli G; et al. (2008). "The diagnostic criteria for small fibre neuropathy: from symptoms to neuropathology". Brain. 131 (Pt 7): 1912–25. doi:10.1093/brain/awn093. PMC 2442424. PMID 18524793.
- ↑ Krishnan B, Babu S, Walker J, Walker AB, Pappachan JM (2013). "Gastrointestinal complications of diabetes mellitus". World J Diabetes. 4 (3): 51–63. doi:10.4239/wjd.v4.i3.51. PMC 3680624. PMID 23772273.
- ↑ Pop-Busui R (2010). "Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetes: a clinical perspective". Diabetes Care. 33 (2): 434–41. doi:10.2337/dc09-1294. PMC 2809298. PMID 20103559.
- ↑ McCarty N, Silverman B (2016). "Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy". Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 29 (2): 157–9. PMC 4790554. PMID 27034552.
- ↑ Bissinger A (2017). "Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy: Why Should Cardiologists Care about That?". J Diabetes Res. 2017: 5374176. doi:10.1155/2017/5374176. PMC 5682059. PMID 29214181.
- ↑ Kenny GP, Sigal RJ, McGinn R (2016). "Body temperature regulation in diabetes". Temperature (Austin). 3 (1): 119–45. doi:10.1080/23328940.2015.1131506. PMC 4861190. PMID 27227101.
- ↑ Burakgazi AZ, Alsowaity B, Burakgazi ZA, Unal D, Kelly JJ (2012). "Bladder dysfunction in peripheral neuropathies". Muscle Nerve. 45 (1): 2–8. doi:10.1002/mus.22178. PMID 22190298.
- ↑ Tanik N, Tanik S, Albayrak S, Zengin K, Inan LE, Caglayan EK; et al. (2016). "Association Between Overactive Bladder and Polyneuropathy in Diabetic Patients". Int Neurourol J. 20 (3): 232–239. doi:10.5213/inj.1632508.254. PMC 5083825. PMID 27706007.
- ↑ DeMill DL, Hussain M, Pop-Busui R, Shtein RM (2016). "Ocular surface disease in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy". Br J Ophthalmol. 100 (7): 924–928. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307369. PMC 5037046. PMID 26500330.
- ↑ Srinivasan S, Pritchard N, Sampson GP, Edwards K, Vagenas D, Russell AW; et al. (2017). "Diagnostic capability of retinal thickness measures in diabetic peripheral neuropathy". J Optom. 10 (4): 215–225. doi:10.1016/j.optom.2016.05.003. PMC 5595257. PMID 27423690.
- ↑ Nightingale LM, Paviour DC (2009). "Nutritional optic and peripheral neuropathy: a case report". Cases J. 2: 7762. doi:10.4076/1757-1626-2-7762. PMC 2740016. PMID 19830009.